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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
B21-High Throughput SAXS	Design of nanosystems for the delivery of quorum sensing inhibitors: A preliminary study Supandeep Singh Hallan , Paolo Marchetti , Daria Bortolotti , Maddalena Sguizzato , Elisabetta Esposito , Paolo Mariani , Claudio Trapella , Roberta Rizzo , Rita Cortesi Molecules 25 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235655 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [21035] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Biofilm production is regulated by the Quorum Sensing system. Nowadays, Quorum Sensing represents an appealing target to design new compounds to increase antibiotics effects and avoid development of antibiotics multiresistance. In this research the use of liposomes to target two novel synthetic biofilm inhibitors is presented, focusing on a preformulation study to select a liposome composition for in vitro test. Five different liposome (LP) formulations, composed of phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and charged surfactant (2:1:1, molar ratio) have been prepared by direct hydration and extrusion. As charged surfactants dicetyl phosphate didecyldimethylammonium chloride, di isobutyl phenoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and stearylamine (SA) and have been used. Liposome charge, size and morphology were investigated by zeta potential, photon correlation spectroscopy, small angle x-ray spectroscopy and electron microscopy. LP-SA was selected for the loading of biofilm inhibitors and subjected to high performance liquid chromatography for entrapment capacity evaluation. LP-SA loaded inhibitors showed a higher diameter (223.6 nm) as compared to unloaded ones (205.7 nm) and a dose-dependent anti-biofilm effect mainly after 48 h of treatment, while free biofilm inhibitors loose activity. In conclusion, our data supported the use of liposomes as a strategy to enhance biofilm inhibitors effect.	Nov 2020
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Correlative optical and X‐ray imaging of strain evolution during Double Torsion Fracture Toughness measurements in shale Michael R. Chandler , Anne-Laure Fauchille , Ho Kyeom Kim , Lin Ma , Julian Mecklenburgh , Roberto Rizzo , Mahmoud Mostafavi , Sebastian Marussi , Robert Atwood , Steven May , Mohammed Azeem , Ernie Rutter , Kevin Taylor , Peter Lee Journal Of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth DOI: 10.1029/2018JB016568 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13824] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Mode‐I Fracture Toughness, KIc, was measured in six shale materials using the double torsion technique. During loading, crack propagation was imaged both using twin optical cameras, and with fast X‐Ray radiograph acquisition. Samples of Bowland, Haynesville, Kimmeridge, Mancos, Middlecliff and Whitby shales were tested in a range of orientations. The measured fracture toughness values were found to be in good agreement with existing literature values. The two imaging techniques improve our understanding of local conditions around the fracture tip, through in‐situ correlation of mechanical data, inelastic zone size and fracture‐tip velocity. The optical Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique proved useful as a means of determining the validity of individual experiments, by identifying experiments during which strains had developed in the two "rigid" specimen halves. Strain maps determined through DIC of the optical images suggest that the scale of the inelastic zone is an order of magnitude smaller than the classically used approximation suggests. This smaller damage region suggests a narrower region of enhanced permeability around artificially generated fractures in shales. The resolvable crack‐tip was tracked using radiograph data and found to travel at a velocity around 470μm.s−1 during failure, with little variation in speed between materials and orientations. Fracture pathways in the bedding parallel orientations were observed to deviate from linearity, commonly following layer boundaries. This suggests that while a fracture travelling parallel to bedding may travel at a similar speed to a bedding perpendicular fracture, it may have a more tortuous pathway, and therefore access a larger surface area.	Dec 2018

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