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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I06-Nanoscience (XPEEM)	The single power law relationship between coercivity and width in pointed composite element magnetic barcodes P. J. Newton , S. M. Masur , N. B. Devlin , M. Ghidini , D. Backes , F. Maccherozzi , A. A. Pacheco-Pumaleque , C. H. W. Barnes Journal Of Applied Physics 134 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166821 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [24373] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Pointed magnetic elements are introduced as an improvement upon rectangular strips currently employed in composite element magnetic barcodes. The coercivity of these elements, as measured using the magneto-optic Kerr effect, is found to strictly adhere to a single power law relationship with the element width, where the power law exponent is dependent on the length of the pointed region and takes values between − 0.98 and − 0.91. The steeper gradients here, along with the absence of the crossover region seen in rectangular devices, present these structures as a strict improvement in terms of potential device applications. These improvements are found to be present for all structures where the pointed region is as long as, or longer than, the magnetic element is wide. The remanent magnetization configuration, imaged using photo-emission microscopy with contrast from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD-PEEM), is compared to the results of micromagnetic simulations. It is found to cant inward in the pointed section of the strip, aligning with the edges of the point, pinning the magnetization and giving a consistent magnetization reversal behavior for all element widths investigated.	Oct 2023
I06-Nanoscience (XPEEM)	Magnetisation configuration in arrays of permalloy rectangles and its impact on magnetisation reversal P. J. Newton , N. B. Devlin , S. M. Masur , M. Ghidini , D. Backes , F. Maccherozzi , A A Pacheco-Pumaleque , M A González Esqueche , C. H. W. Barnes Materials Research Express 8 DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ac2442 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [24373] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The remanent domain structures of composite element magnetic barcodes have been imaged using photo-emission electron microscopy with contrast from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD-PEEM) and analysed with reference to the results of micromagnetic simulations. The magnetisation configuration at the end of wide strips is found to be perpendicular to the majority magnetisation direction. This transitions to an incomplete rotation for nominal strip widths below 300 nm and is found to affect the mechanics of magnetisation reversal for nominal strip widths below 200 nm, owing to a difference in magnetisation orientation when an external magnetic field is applied that is just smaller than the magnetic coercivity of the structures and a corresponding change in reversal dynamics. This change in domain structure as strip width decreases is consistent with both the influence of shape anisotropy and with measurements of magnetic hysteresis. The magnetisation reversal characteristics of composite element structures are found to be dependent on the relative magnetisation configurations of neighbouring strips, which in turn are found to vary stochastically upon the application and removal of a magnetic field along the easy axis of the structure. It is found that the application of a canted field is necessary to ensure sharp, consistent magnetisation reversal of bits when writing a binary code. These results confirm that either improved lithography of narrower strips or non-rectangular elements would be necessary to further increase the number of individually programmable bits in a barcode.	Sep 2021

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