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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
B07-B-Versatile Soft X-ray beamline: High Throughput I09-Surface and Interface Structural Analysis	Adsorption structure of iron phthalocyanine and titanyl phthalocyanine on Cu(111) Matthew A. Stoodley , Benedikt P. Klein , Michael Clarke , Leon B. S. Williams , Luke A. Rochford , Pilar Ferrer , David C. Grinter , Alex Saywell , David A. Duncan Inorganica Chimica Acta 21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121679 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [30875, 31165, 29418] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The adsorption structure of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) was studied by a combination of near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and normal incidence X-ray standing waves (NIXSW) technique. The FePc results demonstrate that the molecule adsorbs with the Fe metal centre at an adsorption height of 2.44 ± 0.09 Å, its macrocycle plane mostly parallel with the underlying surface and a single adsorption configuration. However, a small distortion of the isoindole groups, with respect to one another, is required to rationalise the results. The TiOPc results similarly indicate that the macrocycle plane is mostly parallel with the underlying surface up to thick multilayer films, yet, in the monolayer regime, the molecule must adsorb in multiple configurations. These configurations are nominally assigned to a mixture of adsorption configurations with some Ti=O bonds pointing towards the surface, and some pointing away. We determine that, in both configurations, the Ti metal centre sits at a similar adsorption height above the surface of 3.00 ± 0.20 Å.	Jul 2023
I09-Surface and Interface Structural Analysis	Using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for graphene growth on Cu(111) under ultra-high vacuum Benedikt P. Klein , Matthew A. Stoodley , Matthew Edmondson , Luke A. Rochford , Marc Walker , Lars Sattler , Sebastian Weber , Gerhard Hilt , Leon B. S. Williams , Tien-Lin Lee , Alex Saywell , Reinhard J. Maurer , David A. Duncan Applied Physics Letters 121 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122914 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [25379] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Ultra-high vacuum deposition of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons azupyrene and pyrene onto a Cu(111) surface held at a temperature of 1000 K is herein shown to result in the formation of graphene. The presence of graphene was proven using scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and low energy electron diffraction. The precursors, azupyrene and pyrene, are comparatively large aromatic molecules in contrast to more commonly employed precursors like methane or ethylene. While the formation of the hexagonal graphene lattice could naively be expected when pyrene is used as a precursor, the situation is more complex for azupyrene. In this case, the non-alternant topology of azupyrene with only 5- and 7-membered rings must be altered to form the observed hexagonal graphene lattice. Such a rearrangement, converting a non-alternant topology into an alternant one, is in line with previous reports describing similar topological alterations, including the isomerization of molecular azupyrene to pyrene. The thermal synthesis route to graphene, presented here, is achievable at comparatively low temperatures and under ultra-high vacuum conditions, which may enable further investigations of the growth process in a strictly controlled and clean environment that is not accessible with traditional precursors.	Nov 2022

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