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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I09-Surface and Interface Structural Analysis	Detailed analysis of the synthesis and structure of MAX phase (Mo0.75V0.25)5AlC4 and its MXene sibling (Mo0.75V0.25)5C4 Rose M. Snyder , Mikkel Juelsholt , Curran Kalha , Jason Holm , Elisabeth Mansfield , Tien-Lin Lee , Pardeep K. Thakur , Aysha A. Riaz , Benjamin Moss , Anna Regoutz , Christina S. Birkel Acs Nano DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03395 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [29451] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: MAX phases with the general formula Mn+1AXn are layered carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with varying stacking sequence of layers of M6X octahedra and the A element depending on n. While “211” MAXphases (n = 1) are very common, MAX phases with higher n, especially n ≥ 3, have hardly been prepared. This work addresses open questions regarding the synthesis conditions, structure, and chemical composition of the “514” MAX phase. In contrast to literature reports, no oxide is needed to form the MAX phase, yet multiple heating steps at 1,600 °C are required. Using high-resolution X-ray diffraction, the structure of (Mo1-xVx)5AlC4 is thoroughly investigated, and Rietveld refinement suggests P-6c2 as the most fitting space group. SEM/EDS and XPS show that the chemical composition of the MAX phase is (Mo0.75V0.25)5AlC4. It was also exfoliated into its MXene sibling (Mo0.75V0.25)5C4 using two different techniques (using HF and an HF/HCl mixture) that lead to different surface terminations as shown by XPS/HAXPES measurements. Initial investigations of the electrocatalytic properties of both MXene versions show that, depending on the etchant, (Mo0.75V0.25)5C4 can reduce hydrogen at 10 mA cm–2 with an overpotential of 166 mV (HF only) or 425 mV (HF/HCl) after cycling the samples, which makes them a potential candidate as an HER catalyst.	Jun 2023
I09-Surface and Interface Structural Analysis	Rapid laser-induced low temperature crystallization of thermochromic VO2 sol-gel thin films Maria Basso , Elena Colusso , Chiara Carraro , Curran Kalha , Aysha A. Riaz , Giada Bombardelli , Enrico Napolitani , Yu Chen , Jacek Jasieniak , Laura E. Ratcliff , Pardeep K. Thakur , Tien-Lin Lee , Anna Regoutz , Alessandro Martucci Applied Surface Science 2 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157507 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [29451] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The thermochromic properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2) offer great advantages for energy-saving smart windows, memory devices, and transistors. However, the crystallization of solution-based thin films at temperatures lower than 400°C remains a challenge. Photonic annealing has recently been exploited to crystallize metal oxides, with minimal thermal damage to the substrate and reduced manufacturing time. Here, VO2 thin films, obtained via a green sol-gel process, were crystallized by pulsed excimer laser annealing. The influence of increasing laser fluence and pulse number on the film properties was systematically studied through optical, structural, morphological, and chemical characterizations. From temperature profile simulations, the temperature rise was confirmed to be confined within the film during the laser pulses, with negligible substrate heating. Threshold laser parameters to induce VO2 crystallization without surface melting were found. With respect to furnace annealing, both the crystallization temperature and the annealing time were substantially reduced, with VO2 crystallization being achieved within only 60 s of laser exposure. The laser processing was performed at room temperature in air, without the need of a controlled atmosphere. The thermochromic properties of the lasered thin films were comparable with the reference furnace-treated samples.	May 2023

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