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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Aligned platinum nanowire networks from surface-oriented lipid cubic phase templates S. Richardson , M. R. Burton , P. A. Staniec , I. S. Nandhakumar , N. J. Terrill , J. M. Elliott , A. M. Squires Nanoscale 8, 2850 - 2856 DOI: 10.1039/C5NR06691C PMID: 26763739 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10330] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Mesoporous metal structures featuring a bicontinuous cubic morphology have a wide range of potential applications and novel opto-electronic properties, often orientation-dependent. We describe the production of nanostructured metal films 1–2 microns thick featuring 3D-periodic ‘single diamond’ morphology that show high out-of-plane alignment, with the (111) plane oriented parallel to the substrate. These are produced by electrodeposition of platinum through a lipid cubic phase (QII) template. Further investigation into the mechanism for the orientation revealed the surprising result that the QII template, which is tens of microns thick, is polydomain with no overall orientation. When thicker platinum films are grown, they also show increased orientational disorder. These results suggest that polydomain QII samples display a region of uniaxial orientation at the lipid/substrate interface up to approximately 2.8 ± 0.3 μm away from the solid surface. Our approach gives previously unavailable information on the arrangement of cubic phases at solid interfaces, which is important for many applications of QII phases. Most significantly, we have produced a previously unreported class of oriented nanomaterial, with potential applications including metamaterials and lithographic masks.	Jan 2016
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Glycerol prevents dehydration in lipid cubic phases Samuel Richardson , Paul Staniec , Gemma Newby , Jonathan Rawle , A. R. Slaughter , Nicholas Terrill , J. M. Elliott , Adam Squires Chemical Communications 51 (57), 11386 - 11389 DOI: 10.1039/C5CC03771A Diamond Proposal Number(s): [8418] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Lipid cubic phase samples dry out and undergo phase transitions when exposed to air. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that adding glycerol controllably lowers the humidity at which cubic phases form. These results broaden the potential applications of cubic phases and open up the potential of a new humidity-responsive nanomaterial.	Jun 2015
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Predicting the orientation of lipid cubic phase films Paul Staniec , Gemma Newby , Nicholas Terrill , Samuel Richardson , Joanne Elliott , Adam Squires , Wojciech T. Goìzìdzì Langmuir 30, 13510-13515 DOI: 10.1021/la503313n Diamond Proposal Number(s): [8418] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Lipid cubic phase films are of increasingly widespread importance, both in the analysis of the cubic phases themselves by techniques including microscopy and X-ray scattering, and in their applications, especially as electrode coatings for electrochemical sensors and for templates for the electrodeposition of nanostructured metal. In this work we demonstrate that the crystallographic orientation adopted by these films is governed by minimization of interfacial energy. This is shown by the agreement between experimental data obtained using grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GI-SAXS), and the predicted lowest energy orientation determined using a theoretical approach we have recently developed. GI-SAXS data show a high degree of orientation for films of both the double diamond phase and the gyroid phase, with the [111] and [110] directions respectively perpendicular to the planar substrate. In each case, this matches the lowest energy facet calculated for that particular phase.	Oct 2014

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