I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[9210, 11500]
Abstract: We studied the magnetodynamics of ferromagnetic films coupling across a topological insulator (TI)
Bi2Se3 layer using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). TIs have attracted much attention across the physics community as they hold the potential for dissipationless carrier transport, extremely high spin-orbit torques, and are host to novel quantum effects. To investigate the coupling between the ferromagnetic (FM) layers, vector network analyzer (VNA)-FMR measurements of the resonance linewidth were performed as a function of bias field angle. By bringing the resonances of the two FM layers into close proximity, it was possible to observe antidamping torques that lead to a narrowing of linewidth, a characteristic of spin pumping. The element- and hence layer-specific technique of x-ray detected ferromagnetic resonance (XFMR) was used to circumvent the difficulty of obtaining accurate fits to the two overlapping resonances in close proximity. Our results confirm that the interaction across the TI is a dynamic exchange mediated by spin pumping, as opposed to a self-coupling of the surface state or similar, more unconventional mechanisms.
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Oct 2018
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I06-Nanoscience
I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism
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E.
Burgos-parra
,
N.
Bukin
,
S.
Sani
,
A. I.
Figueroa
,
G.
Beutier
,
M.
Dupraz
,
S.
Chung
,
P.
Dürrenfeld
,
Q. Tuan
Le
,
S. M.
Mohseni
,
A.
Houshang
,
S. A.
Cavill
,
R. J.
Hicken
,
J.
Akerman
,
G.
Van Der Laan
,
F. Y.
Ogrin
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[15277]
Open Access
Abstract: A dissipative magnetic soliton, or magnetic droplet, is a structure that has been predicted to exist within a thin magnetic layer when non-linearity is balanced by dispersion, and a driving force counteracts the inherent damping of the spin precession. Such a soliton can be formed beneath a nano-contact (NC) that delivers a large spin-polarized current density into a magnetic layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Although the existence of droplets has been confirmed from electrical measurements and by micro-magnetic simulations, only a few attempts have been made to
directly observe the magnetic landscape that sustains these structures, and then only for a restricted set of experimental parameter values. In this work we use and x-ray holography technique HERALDO, to image the magnetic structure of the [Co/Ni]x4 multilayer within a NC orthogonal pseudo spin-valve, for different range of magnetic fields and injected electric currents. The magnetic configuration imaged at −33 mA and 0.3 T for devices with 90 nm NC diameter reveals a structure that is within the range of current where the droplet soliton exist based on our electrical measurements and have it is consistent with the expected size of the droplet (∼100 nm diameter) and its spatial position within the sample. We also report the magnetisation configurations observed at lower DC currents in the presence of fields (0–50 mT), where it is expected to observe regimes of the unstable droplet formation.
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Aug 2018
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B18-Core EXAFS
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[15702]
Open Access
Abstract: Using soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy we determined the chemical and magnetic properties of the magnetic topological insulator (MTI) Cr:Sb2Te3. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Cr L2,3, Te M4,5, and Sb M4,5 edges shows that the Te 5p moment is aligned antiparallel to both the Cr 3d and Sb 5p moments, which is characteristic for carrier-mediated ferromagnetic coupling. Comparison of the Cr L2,3 spectra with multiplet calculations indicates a hybridized Cr state, consistent with the carrier-mediated coupling scenario. We studied the enhancement of the Curie temperature, TC, of the MTI thin film through the magnetic proximity effect. Arrott plots, measured using the Cr L3 XMCD, show a TC ≈ 87 K for the as-cleaved film. After deposition of a thin layer of ferromagnetic Co onto the surface, the TC increases to ∼93 K, while the Co and Cr moments are parallel. This increase in TC is unexpectedly small compared to similar systems reported earlier. The XMCD spectra demonstrate that the Co/MTI interface remains intact, i.e., no reaction between Co and the MTI takes place. Our results are a useful starting point for refining the physical models of Cr-doped Sb2Te3, which is required for making use of them in device applications.
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Jun 2017
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I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism
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S. L.
Zhang
,
I.
Stasinopoulos
,
T.
Lancaster
,
F.
Xiao
,
Andreas
Bauer
,
F.
Rucker
,
A. A.
Baker
,
A. I.
Figueroa
,
Z.
Salman
,
F. L.
Pratt
,
S. J.
Blundell
,
T.
Prokscha
,
A.
Suter
,
J.
Waizner
,
M.
Garst
,
D.
Grundler
,
G.
Van Der Laan
,
C.
Pfleiderer
,
T.
Hesjedal
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[8703, 9595]
Open Access
Abstract: Chiral magnets are promising materials for the realisation of high-density and low-power spintronic memory devices. For these future applications, a key requirement is the synthesis of appropriate materials in the form of thin films ordering well above room temperature. Driven by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, the cubic compound FeGe exhibits helimagnetism with a relatively high transition temperature of 278 K in bulk crystals. We demonstrate that this temperature can be enhanced significantly in thin films. Using x-ray scattering and ferromagnetic resonance techniques, we provide unambiguous experimental evidence for long-wavelength helimagnetic order at room temperature and magnetic properties similar to the bulk material. We obtain αintr = 0.0036 ± 0.0003 at 310 K for the intrinsic damping parameter. We probe the dynamics of the system by means of muon-spin rotation, indicating that the ground state is reached via a freezing out of slow dynamics. Our work paves the way towards the fabrication of thin films of chiral magnets that host certain spin whirls, so-called skyrmions, at room temperature and potentially offer integrability into modern electronics.
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Mar 2017
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B18-Core EXAFS
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[9178]
Open Access
Abstract: We present a nanoscale structural and density functional study of the Mn doped 3D topological insulator Bi2Te3. X-ray absorption near edge structure shows that Mn has valency of nominally 2+. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) shows that Mn is a substitutional dopant of Bi and Te and also resides in the van derWaals gap between the quintuple layers of Bi2Te3. Combination of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and EELS shows that Mn substitution of Te occurs in film regions with increased Mn concentration. First-principles calculations show that the Mn dopants favor octahedral sites and are ferromagnetically coupled.
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Dec 2016
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B18-Core EXAFS
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[10243]
Open Access
Abstract: We report a study of the strain state of epitaxial MnSi films on Si(111) substrates in the thick film limit (100–500 A) as a function of filmthickness using polarization-dependent extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). All films investigated are phase-pure and of high quality with a sharp interface between MnSi and Si. The investigated MnSi films are in a thickness regime where the magnetic transition temperature Tc assumes a thickness-independent enhanced value of 43 K as compared with that of bulk MnSi, where Tc = 29 K. A detailed refinement of the EXAFS data reveals that the Mn positions are unchanged, whereas the Si positions vary along the out-of-plane [111] direction, alternating in orientation from unit cell to unit cell. Thus, for thick MnSi films, the unit cell volume is essentially that of bulk MnSi—except in the vicinity of the interface with the Si substrate (thin film limit). In view of the enhanced magnetic transition temperature we conclude that the mere presence of the interface, and its specific characteristics, strongly affects the magnetic properties of the entire MnSi film, even far from the interface. Our analysis provides invaluable information about the local strain at the MnSi/Si(111) interface. The presented methodology of polarization dependent EXAFS can also be employed to investigate the local structure of other interesting interfaces.
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Nov 2016
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Open Access
Abstract: We present radio frequency magnetic transverse susceptibility measurements on γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, which yield an estimation of their effective anisotropy constant, Keff as a function of nanoparticle size. The resulting values range from 4 to 8 × 104 erg/cm3, being on the order of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in bulk maghemite. Keff values increase as the particle diameter increases. Evidences of anisotropy field distribution given by the size distribution in the samples, and interparticle interactions that increase as the particle size increases, are also observed in the TS measurements. The effects of such interparticle interaction overcome those of thermal fluctuations, in contrast with the behavior of other iron oxide particles.
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Dec 2015
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I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[8213]
Abstract: Reversible magnetic exchange springs can be formed in multilayer films, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Here we demonstrate that small amounts of anisotropic ErFe2, placed in the middle of the YFe2 magnetic exchange
springs, can bring about substantial changes. Results are presented for an Er-doped (110)-oriented multilayer film, at 100 K in fields of up to ±14 T. Using both Er and Dy-specific soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and micromagnetic modeling, it is demonstrated that Er doping gives rise to (i) noncollinear exchange spring states in zero field, (ii) magnetic exchange spring collapse, (iii) a marked increase in the number of different exchange
spring states available to the system, and (iv) strikingly different Er and Dy magnetization loops. Full and partial loops are presented for both the in-plane hard and easy axes. The magnetization loops for Dy sublattice show that
at least ten different exchange spring states are accessed during magnetic reversal. Magnetic switching scenarios, involving mixtures of Neel-like and Bloch-like domain walls, are presented and discussed.
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Sep 2015
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Open Access
Abstract: We report on the controlled modification of relaxation parameters and magnetic
moments of epitaxial Fe thin films through Dy doping. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements show that an increase of Dy doping from 0.1% to 5% gives a tripling in Gilbert damping, and more importantly a strongly enhanced anisotropic damping that can be qualitatively understood through the slow-relaxing impurity model. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements show a pronounced suppression of the orbital moment of the Fe with Dy doping, leading to an almost threefold drop in the orbital to spin moment ratio, ml/ms. Doping with Dy can therefore be used to control both dynamic and static properties of thin ferromagnetic films for improved performance in spintronics device applications, mediated through the antiferromagnetic interaction of the 4 f and 3d states.
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Jul 2015
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I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism
Theoretical Physics
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S. E.
Harrison
,
L. J.
Collins-mcintyre
,
S.-l.
Zhang
,
A. A.
Baker
,
A. I.
Figueroa
,
A. J.
Kellock
,
A.
Pushp
,
S. S. P.
Parkin
,
J. S.
Harris
,
G.
Van Der Laan
,
T.
Hesjedal
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[9234]
Abstract: Breaking the time-reversal symmetry (TRS) in topological insulators (TIs) through ferromagnetic doping is an essential prerequisite for unlocking novel physical phenomena and exploring potential device applications. Here, we report the successful growth of high-quality (DyxBi1−x)2Te3 thin films with Dy concentrations up to x = 0.355 by molecular beam epitaxy. Bulk-sensitive magnetisation studies using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry find paramagnetic behaviour down to 2 K for the entire doping series. The effective magnetic moment, μeff, is strongly doping concentration-dependent and reduces from ~12.6 μB Dy−1 for x = 0.023 to ~4.3 μB Dy−1 for x = 0.355. X-ray absorption spectra and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Dy M4,5 edge are employed to provide a deeper insight into the magnetic nature of the Dy3+-doped films. XMCD, measured in surface-sensitive total-electron-yield detection, gives μeff = 4.2 μB Dy−1. The large measured moments make Dy-doped films interesting TI systems in which the TRS may be broken via the proximity effect due to an adjacent ferromagnetic insulator.
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Jun 2015
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