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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
B18-Core EXAFS I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy I20-Scanning-X-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES)	Investigating effect of clay composition on safety function performance in a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) Adam Peter Sims Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A legacy of radioactive waste has accumulated since the late 1940s and safe containment of long lived, highly radioactive waste is crucial for the future of nuclear power. A geological disposal facility (GDF) is the preferred method for the safe disposal of radioactive wastes; a multifaceted approach, using both engineered and natural barriers, to maximise the time between the breakdown of barriers and the final interaction with the environment and subsequently people. Clay is likely form an integral part of the engineered barrier system (EBS) surrounding the waste canisters in many proposed GDFs for heat generating radioactive wastes. The clay selected for this purpose would need to have the necessary physical and chemical properties to protect the waste container against corrosion and also to limit the release of radionuclides from the waste after container failure. Clays have a number of advantageous properties, such as high sorption capacity for radionuclides, small pore structure restricting microbial activity, and stability over geological time scales. Substitution of cations (Fe2+/3+, Mg2+, Al3+) into octahedral and tetrahedral (Al3+ and Si4+) sheets give a net negative charge on the clay layers giving interlayer spaces in-between; hydrated cations balance the negative charge within the interlayer space and cause the clay to swell filling surrounding gaps/cracks, avoiding advective flow, stabilizing the canister, and making diffusion the predominant transport mechanism within the barrier. A number of challenges such as heat (from the high level wastes 160 Â°C), with small changes being resisted further by divalent interlayer cations. gamma irradiation was shown to generate charge defects within the clay, increasing surface potential and activating redox properties (Fe); alpha irradiation showed localised amorphisation of the clay structure with long range order maintained. Maximising the ability of the clay barrier to withstand the challenges expected in the GDF environment would allow for the strengthening of public opinion and a faster, smaller (footprint), cheaper and safer GDF for high level, heat generating, radioactive wastes to be produced.	May 2019
I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy	Microscopic x-ray imaging techniques applied to mineral systems and catalyst particles Fred Mosselmans , Carolyn Pearce , William Bower , Richard Pattrick , Stephen Price , Andrew Beale , Adam Sims , Laura Barrio Diamond Proposal Number(s): [9044, 11703, 12064] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The development of complementary imaging techniques at beamline I18 at Diamond Light Source (Didcot, UK) to investigate the microstructure of inorganic materials is described. In particular, the use of X-ray micro-imaging techniques to understand the effect of alpha radiation on phyllosilicates, and the nature of individual catalytic par- ticles are reported. Micro X-ray diffraction ( m XRD) studies of the former materials have shown structural changes that will affect their adsorption properties, while the chemistry of the catalyst particles has been investigated using micro X-ray fluorescence, m XRD and m X-ray absorption near-edge structure mapping. The distribution of a Mo- promoted Pt nitrobenzene hydrogenation catalyst has shown that some of the Pt pene- trated to the core of the particle and has the same chemistry as the bulk of the Pt located on the outside of the particle. The phase distribution in an as-prepared Re-Ti-promoted Co Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is reported.	Jun 2016

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B18-Core EXAFS
I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy
I20-Scanning-X-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES)

Investigating effect of clay composition on safety function performance in a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF)

Adam Peter Sims

Show Abstract ▼

Abstract: A legacy of radioactive waste has accumulated since the late 1940s and safe containment of long lived, highly radioactive waste is crucial for the future of nuclear power. A geological disposal facility (GDF) is the preferred method for the safe disposal of radioactive wastes; a multifaceted approach, using both engineered and natural barriers, to maximise the time between the breakdown of barriers and the final interaction with the environment and subsequently people. Clay is likely form an integral part of the engineered barrier system (EBS) surrounding the waste canisters in many proposed GDFs for heat generating radioactive wastes. The clay selected for this purpose would need to have the necessary physical and chemical properties to protect the waste container against corrosion and also to limit the release of radionuclides from the waste after container failure. Clays have a number of advantageous properties, such as high sorption capacity for radionuclides, small pore structure restricting microbial activity, and stability over geological time scales. Substitution of cations (Fe2+/3+, Mg2+, Al3+) into octahedral and tetrahedral (Al3+ and Si4+) sheets give a net negative charge on the clay layers giving interlayer spaces in-between; hydrated cations balance the negative charge within the interlayer space and cause the clay to swell filling surrounding gaps/cracks, avoiding advective flow, stabilizing the canister, and making diffusion the predominant transport mechanism within the barrier. A number of challenges such as heat (from the high level wastes 160 Â°C), with small changes being resisted further by divalent interlayer cations. gamma irradiation was shown to generate charge defects within the clay, increasing surface potential and activating redox properties (Fe); alpha irradiation showed localised amorphisation of the clay structure with long range order maintained. Maximising the ability of the clay barrier to withstand the challenges expected in the GDF environment would allow for the strengthening of public opinion and a faster, smaller (footprint), cheaper and safer GDF for high level, heat generating, radioactive wastes to be produced.

May 2019

I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy

Microscopic x-ray imaging techniques applied to mineral systems and catalyst particles

Fred Mosselmans , Carolyn Pearce , William Bower , Richard Pattrick , Stephen Price , Andrew Beale , Adam Sims , Laura Barrio

Diamond Proposal Number(s): [9044, 11703, 12064]

Open Access

Show Abstract ▼

Jun 2016

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