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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	The Diamond I13 full-field transmission X-ray microscope: a Zernike phase-contrast setup for material sciences Malte Storm , Florian Doring , Shashidhara Marathe , Christian David , Christoph Rau Powder Diffraction 425, 1 - 7 DOI: 10.1017/S0885715620000238 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19746, 24892] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The I13 transmission X-ray microscope at Diamond Light Source (DLS) has been designed to cover a broad range of energies and field of views. The beamline operates on an undulator source, and a multilayer monochromator can be used to work at a larger bandwidth to enable faster acquisitions. The experimental design includes large working distances for the optics to allow installing in situ sample environments. This paper presents the current state of the experimental system and shows some of the latest results.	Apr 2020
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Morphological reversibility of modified Li-based anodes for next-generation batteries Fu Sun , Dong Zhou , Xin He , Markus Osenberg , Kang Dong , Libao Chen , Shilin Mei , Andre Hilger , Henning Markötter , Yan Lu , Shanmu Dong , Shashidhara Marathe , Christoph Rau , Xu Hou , Jie Li , Marian Cristian Stan , Martin Winter , Robert Dominko , Ingo Manke Acs Energy Letters DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02424 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [18936] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Although a great variety of strategies to suppress Li dendrite have been proposed for lithium metal batteries (LMBs), a deeper understanding of the factors playing a crucial role during extended electrochemical cycling is often lacking. Herein, the morphological reversibility of the Li-based anode for next-generation batteries under three prevalent strategies, i.e., the use of Li–Al alloys, polymer coating, and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane attachment, has been sophisticatedly investigated by nondestructive visualization. The characterizations clearly capture the unprecedented morphological evolution of the Li-based anode during the electrochemical cycling. Furthermore, the results unambiguously indicate the formation of the “dead” electrochemically generated porous structures regardless of >99% cycling efficiency shown in Li symmetric cells in all three cell configurations. The results presented here shed light on further understanding of the morphological evolution of the Li anode under different scenarios, and it also enlightens us on new research activities that may assist in propelling the commercialization of LMBs.	Dec 2019
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Development of synchrotron pink beam x-ray grating interferometer at the Diamond Light source I13-2 beamline Shashidhara Marathe , Malte Storm , Venkata Sree Charan Kuppilli , Richard Harrison , Gunjan Das , Sven L. M. Schroeder , Silvia Cipiccia , Florian Doring , Christian David , Christoph Rau SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2019 DOI: 10.1117/12.2530698 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [21327] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray Grating Talbot Interferometer (XGTI) is already routinely used for quantitative phase contrast imaging of soft tissue samples. XGTI can be realized using various measurement techniques, depending on the X-ray source used, the required spatial resolution and the speed of acquisition. The phase-stepping measurement technique, which is commonly used for XGTI data acquisition, needs multiple acquisitions for a single projection. For fast imaging the Moiré technique, a single-shot technique, is often preferred. However, it requires two gratings which increases the dose on the sample. We have therefore examined the Spatial Harmonic Imaging (SHI) technique which is low-dose and single-shot, using the I13-2 Diamond-Manchester Beamline at Diamond Light Source (DLS). The DLS I13-2 beamline is equipped with a Double Crystal Monochromator (DCM) and a Multi-Layer Monochromator (MLM) to deliver monochromatic beam, which work at the energy bandwidths (ΔE/E) of 10-4 and 10-2, respectively. However, the disadvantage of using these monochromators, especially for fast imaging, is loss of X-ray flux. It has already been shown that XGTI can work with an energy bandwidth (ΔE/E) of 10-1. Our aim is to develop a single phase grating interferometer with pink beam from an undulator source, with X-ray mirror optics and multiple absorption filters, to obtain maximum possible flux with sufficient coherence and monochromaticity. We demonstrate performance with optimized beamline parameters for a photon energy of 15 keV with some demonstrative image reconstructions.	Oct 2019
I13-1-Coherence I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	New imaging opportunities at the Diamond beamline I13L Christoph Rau , Darren Batey , Silvia Cipiccia , Xiaowen Shi , Shashidhara Marathe , Malte Storm , Andrew J. Bodey , Marie-christine Zdora SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2019 DOI: 10.1117/12.2543799 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The Diamond Beamline I13L is dedicated to micro- and nano- imaging, with two independently operating branchlines. The imaging branch preforms imaging in real space, with In-line phase contrast imaging and grating interferometry at micrometre resolution and full-field transmission microscopy up to 50nm spatial resolution. Highest spatial resolution is achieved on the coherence branchline, where diffraction imaging methods such as Ptychography and Bragg-CDI are performed. The article provides an update about the experimental capabilities at the beamline with an emphasis on the rapidly evolving ptychography capabilities. The latter has evolved to an user-friendly method with non-expert users able to explore their science without any specific a-priory knowledge.	Oct 2019
I13-1-Coherence I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Fast multi-scale imaging using the beamline I13L at the Diamond Light Source Christoph Rau , Malte Storm , Shashidhara Marathe , Andrew J. Bodey , Marie-christine Zdora , Silvia Cipiccia , Darren Batey , Xiaowen Shi , Sven Schroeder , Gunjan Das , Melanie Loveridge , Ralf Ziesche , Brian Connolly SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2019 DOI: 10.1117/12.2543405 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The DIAMOND beamline I13L is dedicated to multi-scale and multi-modal imaging in real and reciprocal space. The beamline consists of two independently operating experimental stations, located at a distance of more than 200 m from the source. The Imaging Branch performs micro-tomography with in-line phase contrast in the 6-30 keV energy range. In addition, a grating interferometry setup and a full-field microscope for nano-tomography are currently implemented. Other techniques providing high-resolution three-dimensional information, in particular coherent X-ray diffraction, are hosted on the Coherence Branch. All imaging methods are tested to operate with large energy bandwidths and therefore shorter exposure times. To this end, two options are currently used: the so-called ‘pink-beam’ mode using a reflecting mirror and X-ray filters and monochromatic mode using a multilayer monochromator. The operation mode enables science for in-situ and operando studies across a wide range of scientific areas.	Oct 2019
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Correction of phase wrapping artifacts in grating-based hard X-ray tomography Griffin Rodgers , Georg Schulz , Hans Deyhle , Shashidhara Marathe , Christos Bikis , Bert Muller , Timm Weitkamp Developments in X-Ray Tomography XII DOI: 10.1117/12.2530709 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19829] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray grating interferometry (XGI) is a phase-contrast imaging technique that allows for a quantitative measurement of the refractive index with high density resolution in a model-independent manner—i.e. without a priori knowledge of the specimen composition. However, the retrieval of the X-ray wavefront phase shift relies on the accurate measurement of the interference pattern phase shift, making XGI vulnerable to phase wrapping when the interference pattern phase shift, related to the derivative of the wavefront phase shift, is large. Standard procedure for avoiding phase wrapping involves submerging the specimen in a water bath to reduce the mismatch of the index of refraction at the boundaries, but this requires a top-down rotation stage and is susceptible to gas bubble formation inside the water bath. Our team has presented an algorithm to remove phase wrapping artifacts for cylindrically shaped specimens that is applied to the phase-retrieved sinogram. This algorithm models and replaces phase-wrapped data to prevent the spread of “cupping” artifacts due to the integration of the differential phase during reconstruction. We give a criterion for selecting the modeling parameters so that the resulting measurement of the index of refraction matches the results of measurements without phase wrapping. We also apply this technique to cases where phase wrapping occurs at multiple interfaces. This algorithm allows for XGI measurements without a water bath and top-down rotation stage at synchrotron and laboratory facilities, especially as sensitivity increases.	Sep 2019
I13-1-Coherence I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Multi-scale imaging at the diamond beamline I13 Christoph Rau , Malte Storm , Shashidhara Marathe , Andrew Bodey , Silvia Cipiccia , Darren Batey , Xiaowen Shi , Marie-christine Zdora , Irene Zanette 13th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation – SRI2018 DOI: 10.1063/1.5084575 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The I13 imaging and coherence beamline aims for multiscale imaging in the energy range of 6-30keV. The achievable resolution ranges from several microns to tens of nanometers. Several experimental methods are available on two independently operating branchlines. The Diamond-Manchester imaging branchline applies methods in direct space, such as In-line phase contrast, grating interferometry and full-field microscopy. The coherence branch covers far-field techniques such as ptychography and Bragg-CDI. The ptychography is now available as user-friendly experiment and the spatial and temporal resolution has been significantly enhanced. The scientific program at I13 will increasingly explore the suite of experimental techniques available at the beamline for multi-scale imaging.	Jan 2019
I13-1-Coherence Metrology Optics	Inspecting adaptive optics with at-wavelength wavefront metrology J. Krempasky , U. Flechsig , P. Vagovic , C. David , F. Koch , A. Jaggi , C. Svetina , Shashidhara Marathe , D. Batey , S. Cipiccia , C. Rau , F. Seiboth , M. Seaberg , U. H. Wagner , L. Patthey , L. Mikes SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2018 DOI: 10.1117/12.2320532 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19521] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Preserving the coherence and wavefront of a diffraction limited x-ray beam from the source to the experiment poses stringent quality requirements on the production processes for X-ray optics. In the near future this will require on-line and in-situ at-wavelength metrology for both, free electron lasers and diffraction limited storage rings. A compact and easy to move X-ray grating interferometry (XGI) setup has been implemented by the Beamline Optics Group at PSI in order to characterize x-ray optical components by determining the aberrations from reconstructing the x-ray wavefront. The XGI setup was configured for measurements in the moire mode and tested with focusing optic at Swiss Light Source, Diamond Light Source and LCLS. In this paper measurements on a bendable toroidal mirror, a zone plate, a single and a stack of beryllium compound refractive lenses (CRL) are presented. From these measurements the focal position and quality of the beam spot in terms of wavefront distortions are determined by analysing the phase-signal obtained from the XGI measurement. In addition, using a bendable toroidal mirror, we directly compare radius of curvature measurements obtained from XGI data with data from a long-trace profilometer, and compare the CRL wavefront distortions with data obtained by ptychography.	Sep 2018
I13-1-Coherence I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Multi-scale imaging at the coherence and imaging beamline I13 at Diamond Christoph Rau , Malte Storm , Shashidhara Marathe , Andrew J. Bodey , Silvia Cipiccia , Darren Batey , Xiaowen Shi , Marie-christine Zdora , Irene Zanette , Saul Perez-tamarit , Paula Cimavilla , Miguel A. Rodriguez-perez , Florian Doring , Christian David Microscopy And Microanalysis 24, 256 - 257 Microscopy & Microanalysis 2018 DOI: 10.1017/S1431927618013624 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The Diamond I13 imaging and coherence beamline performs multiscale imaging and tomography with phase sensitive imaging methods. Operating in the energy range of 6-30keV, the achievable resolution ranges from several microns to tens of nanometers. The beamline is unique in combining imaging methods in real and reciprocal spaces, which are available on two independently operating branchlines. The scientific program is currently being developed with the distinct capabilities offered by the beamline. Most recently ptycho-tomography has become operational and a multitude of scientific projects is linking the research between both branchlines.	Aug 2018
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	The Diamond I13-2 transmission x-ray microscope: Current status and future developments M. Storm , S. Cipiccia , S. Marathe , V. S. C. Kuppili , F. Doring , C. David , C. Rau Microscopy And Microanalysis 24, 218 - 219 14th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy (XRM2018) DOI: 10.1017/S1431927618013430	Aug 2018

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