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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
B21-High Throughput SAXS	Efficacy of aldose reductase inhibitors is affected by oxidative stress induced under X-ray irradiation Albert Castellví , Isidro Crespo , Eva Crosas , Ana Cámara-Artigas , Jose A. Gavira , Miguel A. G. Aranda , Xavier Parés , Jaume Farrés , Judith Juanhuix Scientific Reports 9 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39722-0 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10166] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Human aldose reductase (hAR, AKR1B1) has been explored as drug target since the 1980s for its implication in diabetic complications. An activated form of hAR was found in cells from diabetic patients, showing a reduced sensitivity to inhibitors in clinical trials, which may prevent its pharmacological use. Here we report the conversion of native hAR to its activated form by X-ray irradiation simulating oxidative stress conditions. Upon irradiation, the enzyme activity increases moderately and the potency of several hAR inhibitors decay before global protein radiation damage appears. The catalytic behavior of activated hAR is also reproduced as the KM increases dramatically while the kcat is not much affected. Consistently, the catalytic tetrad is not showing any modification. The only catalytically-relevant structural difference observed is the conversion of residue Cys298 to serine and alanine. A mechanism involving electron capture is suggested for the hAR activation. We propose that hAR inhibitors should not be designed against the native protein but against the activated form as obtained from X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, since the reactive species produced under irradiation conditions are the same as those produced under oxidative stress, the described irradiation method can be applied to other relevant proteins under oxidative stress environments.	Feb 2019
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	New insights on blue pigments used in 15th century paintings by synchrotron radiation-based micro-FTIR and XRD Nati Salvado , Salvador Buti , Miguel Aranda , Trinitat Pradell Analytical Methods 6 (11), 3610-3621 DOI: 10.1039/c4ay00424h Diamond Proposal Number(s): [6521] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The blue pigments used on altarpieces in 15th Century in Catalonia and Crown of Aragon are principally the azurite mineral. To a lesser extent lapis lazuli, also of mineral origin and occasionally, in the background areas, outlining the figures, and for the chromatic ground layer, indigo, were used. Data from several altarpieces belonging to well-known artists of the time is presented. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD), micro-infrared spectroscopy (ÃÂµ-FTIR), synchrotron radiation micro-infrared spectroscopy (ÃÂµSR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS) are used. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy in association with synchrotron radiation have shown to be especially interesting due to the micron spot sizes, high brilliance and energy tunability which help to obtain good separation of the signals coming from different phases/substances and their localization in the various paint layers. Examples are presented which illustrate the potential of each analytical technique for the identification of this kind of materials in the 15th century paintings. The natural origin and composition of the pigments and its distribution in the paint layers are determined and some correlations with other contemporary paintings obtained. Finally, the alteration compounds related to blue pigments are determined in each case.	May 2014
I16-Materials and Magnetism	Coherent X-ray diffraction investigation of twinned microcrystals Miguel Aranda , Felisa Berenguer , Richard Bean , Xiaowen Shi , Steve Collins , Colin Nave , Ian Robinson Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 17 (6) DOI: 10.1107/S0909049510039774 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Coherent X-ray diffraction has been used to study pseudo-merohedrally twinned manganite microcrystals. The analyzed compositions were Pr5/8Ca3/8MnO3 and La0.275Pr0.35Ca3/8MnO3. The prepared loose powder was thermally attached to glass (and quartz) capillary walls by gentle heating to ensure positional stability during data collection. Many diffraction data sets were recorded and some of them were split as expected from the main observed twin law: 180° rotation around [101]. The peak splitting was measured with very high precision owing to the high-resolution nature of the diffraction data, with a resolution ([Delta]d/d) better than 2.0 × 10-4. Furthermore, when these microcrystals are illuminated coherently, the different crystallographic phases of the structure factors induce interference in the form of a speckle pattern. The three-dimensional speckled Bragg peak intensity distribution has been measured providing information about the twin domains within the microcrystals. Research is ongoing to invert the measured patterns. Successful phase retrieval will allow mapping out the twin domains and twin boundaries which play a key role in the physical properties.	Nov 2010

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