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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
	Oriented 3D magnetic biskyrmions in mnniga bulk crystals Xiyang Li , Shilei Zhang , Hang Li , Diego Alba Venero , Jonathan S White , Robert Cubitt , Qingzhen Huang , Jie Chen , Lunhua He , Gerrit Van Der Laan , Wenhong Wang , Thorsten Hesjedal , Fangwei Wang Advanced Materials 7, 1900264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900264 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A biskyrmion consists of two bound, topologically stable, skyrmion spin textures. These coffee‐bean‐shaped objects are observed in real space in thin plates using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM). From LTEM imaging alone, it is not clear whether biskyrmions are surface‐confined objects, or, analogous to skyrmions in non-centrosymmetric helimagnets, 3D tube‐like structures in a bulk sample. Here, the biskyrmion form factor is investigated in single‐ and polycrystalline‐MnNiGa samples using small‐angle neutron scattering. It is found that biskyrmions are not long‐range ordered, not even in single crystals. Surprisingly all of the disordered biskyrmions have their in‐plane symmetry axis aligned along certain directions, governed by the magneto-crystalline anisotropy. This anisotropic nature of biskyrmions may be further exploited to encode information.	Mar 2019
	Protein conformation in pure and hydrated deep eutectic solvents A. Sanchez-Fernandez , K. J. Edler , T. Arnold , D. Alba Venero , A. J. Jackson Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 114 DOI: 10.1039/C7CP00459A Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently been postulated as possible environments where protein structure may be preserved in the absence of water. Here we present our results towards understanding protein conformation in choline chloride-based DES and mixtures with water. Lysozyme and bovine serum albumin have been investigated by means of circular dichroism and small-angle neutron scattering.	Mar 2017
I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism	Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann freezing of a thermally fluctuating artificial spin ice probed by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy S. A. Morley , D. Alba Venero , J. M. Porro , S. T. Riley , A. Stein , P. Steadman , R. L. Stamps , S. Langridge , C. H. Marrows Physical Review B 95 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.104422 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10197] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We report on the crossover from the thermal to the athermal regime of an artificial spin ice formed from a square array of magnetic islands whose lateral size, 30 nm × 70 nm, is small enough that they are dynamic at room temperature. We used resonant magnetic soft x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy as a method to observe the time-time correlations of the fluctuating magnetic configurations of spin ice during cooling, which are found to slow abruptly as a freezing temperature of T 0 = 178 ± 5 K is approached. This slowing is well described by a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law, implying that the frozen state is glassy, with the freezing temperature being commensurate with the strength of magnetostatic interaction energies in the array. The activation temperature, T A = 40 ± 10 K, is much less than that expected from a Stoner-Wohlfarth coherent rotation model. Zero-field-cooled/field-cooled magnetometry reveals a freeing up of fluctuations of states within islands above this temperature, caused by variation in the local anisotropy axes at the oxidised edges. This Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann behavior implies that the system enters a glassy state upon freezing, which is unexpected for a system with a well-defined ground state.	Mar 2017

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