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44 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I13-1-Coherence	Hard X-ray stereographic microscopy for single-shot differential phase imaging Valerio Bellucci , Marie-Christine Zdora , Ladislav Mikes , Šarlota Birnšteinová , Peter Oberta , Marco Romagnoni , Andrea Mazzolari , Pablo Villanueva-Perez , Rajmund Mokso , Christian David , Mikako Makita , Silvia Cipiccia , Jozef Ulicny , Alke Meents , Adrian P. Mancuso , Henry N. Chapman , Patrik Vagovic Optics Express 31 DOI: 10.1364/OE.492137 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17739] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The characterisation of fast phenomena at the microscopic scale is required for the understanding of catastrophic responses of materials to loads and shocks, the processing of materials by optical or mechanical means, the processes involved in many key technologies such as additive manufacturing and microfluidics, and the mixing of fuels in combustion. Such processes are usually stochastic in nature and occur within the opaque interior volumes of materials or samples, with complex dynamics that evolve in all three dimensions at speeds exceeding many meters per second. There is therefore a need for the ability to record three-dimensional X-ray movies of irreversible processes with resolutions of micrometers and frame rates of microseconds. Here we demonstrate a method to achieve this by recording a stereo phase-contrast image pair in a single exposure. The two images are combined computationally to reconstruct a 3D model of the object. The method is extendable to more than two simultaneous views. When combined with megahertz pulse trains of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) it will be possible to create movies able to resolve 3D trajectories with velocities of kilometers per second.	May 2023
I13-1-Coherence	Advanced x-ray imaging techniques in tissue engineering: a new construct assessment platform for enabling the regeneration of personalised organs Savvas N. Savvides , Mattia F. Gerli , Antonio Citro , Lorenzo Massimi , Charlotte K. Hagen , Marco Endrizzi , Alessia Atzeni , Alberto Astolfo , Michela Esposito , Olumide K. Ogunbiyi , Mark Turmaine , Elizabeth S. Smith , Silvia Cipiccia , Christoph Rau , Peng Li , Roberto Lutman , Giulia Selmin , Natalie Durkin , Soichi Shibuya , Marianna Scuglia , Marco Pellegrini , Paolo De Coppi , Alessandro Olivo SPIE Medical Imaging, 2023 DOI: 10.1117/12.2653075 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Tissue engineering (TE) holds promise for generating lab-grown patient specific organs which can provide: (1) effective treatment for conditions that require volumetric tissue transplantation and (2) new platforms for drug testing. Even though volumetric structural information is essential for confirming successful organ maturation, TE protocol designs are currently informed through destructive and 2D construct assessment tools (e.g. histology). X-ray phase-contrast computed-tomography (PC-CT) can generate non-destructive, high resolution, 3D density maps of organ architecture. In this work, PC-CT is used as new imaging tool for guiding two TE protocols currently at the in-vitro testing stage. The first (1) involves cell-repopulation of an oesophageal scaffold, with the aim of using the regenerated construct for treating long-gap oesophageal atresia, whilst for the second (2) a lung-derived scaffold is populated with islets for regenerating a pancreas, with the “repurposed” lung offering a platform for diabetes drug testing. By combing 3D images and quantitative information, we were able to perform comprehensive construct evaluation. Specifically, we assessed volumetrically: (1) the cell-distribution within the regenerated oesophagi and (2) islet integration with the vascular tree of the lung-derived scaffold. This new information was proven to be essential for establishing corresponding TE protocols and enabled their progression to more advanced scale-up models. We are confident that PC-CT will provide the novel insights necessary to further progress TE protocols, with the next step being in-vivo testing. Crucially, the non-destructive nature of PC-CT will allow in-vivo assessments of TE constructs following their implantation into animal hosts, to investigate their successful integration.	Apr 2023
I13-1-Coherence	Fabrication of high-aspect ratio nanogratings for phase-based X-ray imaging Martyna Michalska , Alessandro Rossi , Gašper Kokot , Callum M. Macdonald , Silvia Cipiccia , Peter R. T. Munro , Alessandro Olivo , Ioannis Papakonstantinou Advanced Functional Materials 05 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202212660 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [28831] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Diffractive optical elements such as periodic gratings are fundamental devices in X-ray imaging – a technique that medical, material science, and security scans rely upon. Fabrication of such structures with high aspect ratios at the nanoscale creates opportunities to further advance such applications, especially in terms of relaxing X-ray source coherence requirements. This is because typical grating-based X-ray phase imaging techniques (e.g., Talbot self-imaging) require a coherence length of at least one grating period and ideally longer. In this paper, the fabrication challenges in achieving high-aspect ratio nanogratings filled with gold are addressed by a combination of laser interference and nanoimprint lithography, physical vapor deposition, metal assisted chemical etching (MACE), and electroplating. This relatively simple and cost-efficient approach is unlocked by an innovative post-MACE drying step with hexamethyldisilazane, which effectively minimizes the stiction of the nanostructures. The theoretical limits of the approach are discussed and, experimentally, X-ray nanogratings with aspect ratios >40 are demonstrated. Finally, their excellent diffractive abilities are shown when exposed to a hard (12.2 keV) monochromatic X-ray beam at a synchrotron facility, and thus potential applicability in phase-based X-ray imaging.	Jan 2023
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Cycloidal-spiral sampling for three-modal x-ray CT flyscans with two-dimensional phase sensitivity G. Lioliou , O. Roche I Morgo , S. Marathe , K. Wanelik , S. Cipiccia , A. Olivo , C. K. Hagen Scientific Reports 12 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25999-1 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [28574] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We present a flyscan compatible acquisition scheme for three-modal X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) with two-dimensional phase sensitivity. Our approach is demonstrated using a “beam tracking” setup, through which a sample’s attenuation, phase (refraction) and scattering properties can be measured from a single frame, providing three complementary contrast channels. Up to now, such setups required the sample to be stepped at each rotation angle to sample signals at an adequate rate, to prevent resolution losses, anisotropic resolution, and under-sampling artefacts. However, the need for stepping necessitated a step-and-shoot implementation, which is affected by motors’ overheads and increases the total scan time. By contrast, our proposed scheme, by which continuous horizontal and vertical translations of the sample are integrated with its rotation (leading to a “cycloidal-spiral” trajectory), is fully compatible with continuous scanning (flyscans). This leads to greatly reduced scan times while largely preserving image quality and isotropic resolution.	Dec 2022
I13-1-Coherence	Single-exposure X-ray phase imaging microscopy with a grating interferometer Andreas Wolf , Bernhard Akstaller , Silvia Cipiccia , Silja Flenner , Johannes Hagemann , Veronika Ludwig , Pascal Meyer , Andreas Schropp , Max Schuster , Maria Seifert , Mareike Weule , Thilo Michel , Gisela Anton , Stefan Funk Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 29 DOI: 10.1107/S160057752200193X Diamond Proposal Number(s): [18540] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The advent of hard X-ray free-electron lasers enables nanoscopic X-ray imaging with sub-picosecond temporal resolution. X-ray grating interferometry offers a phase-sensitive full-field imaging technique where the phase retrieval can be carried out from a single exposure alone. Thus, the method is attractive for imaging applications at X-ray free-electron lasers where intrinsic pulse-to-pulse fluctuations pose a major challenge. In this work, the single-exposure phase imaging capabilities of grating interferometry are characterized by an implementation at the I13-1 beamline of Diamond Light Source (Oxfordshire, UK). For comparison purposes, propagation-based phase contrast imaging was also performed at the same instrument. The characterization is carried out in terms of the quantitativeness and the contrast-to-noise ratio of the phase reconstructions as well as via the achievable spatial resolution. By using a statistical image reconstruction scheme, previous limitations of grating interferometry regarding the spatial resolution can be mitigated as well as the experimental applicability of the technique.	May 2022
I13-1-Coherence	High-speed X-ray ptychographic tomography Darren Batey , Christoph Rau , Silvia Cipiccia Scientific Reports 12 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11292-8 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [26240] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray ptychography is a coherent scanning imaging technique widely used at synchrotron facilities for producing quantitative phase images beyond the resolution limit of conventional x-ray optics. The scanning nature of the technique introduces an inherent overhead to the collection at every scan position and limits the acquisition time of each 2D projection. The overhead associated with motion can be minimised with a continuous-scanning approach. Here we present an acquisition architecture based on continuous-scanning and up-triggering which allows to record ptychographic datasets at up to 9 kHz. We demonstrate the method by applying it to record 2D scans at up to 273 µm2/s and 3D scans of a (20 µm)3 volume in less than three hours. We discuss the current limitations and the outlook toward the development of sub-second 2D acquisition and minutes-long 3D ptychographic tomograms.	May 2022
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Optimizing the energy bandwidth for transmission full-field X-ray microscopy experiments Malte Storm , Florian Doring , Shashidhara Marathe , Silvia Cipiccia , Christian David , Christoph Rau Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 29 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521011206 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) is a very potent high-resolution X-ray imaging technique. However, it is challenging to achieve fast acquisitions because of the limited efficiency of the optics. Using a broader energy bandwidth, for example using a multilayer monochromator, directly increases the flux in the experiment. The advantage of more counts needs to be weighed against a deterioration in achievable resolution because focusing optics show chromatic aberrations. This study presents theoretical considerations of how much the resolution is affected by an increase in bandwidth as well as measurements at different energy bandwidths (ΔE/E = 0.013%, 0.27%, 0.63%) and the impact on achievable resolution. It is shown that using a multilayer monochromator instead of a classical silicon double-crystal monochromator can increase the flux by an order of magnitude with only a limited effect on the resolution.	Dec 2021
I13-1-Coherence	Dual energy X-ray beam ptycho-fluorescence imaging Silvia Cipiccia , Francesco Brun , Vittorio Di Trapani , Christoph Rau , Darren J. Batey Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521008675 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [21767] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray ptychography and X-ray fluorescence are complementary nanoscale imaging techniques, providing structural and elemental information, respectively. Both methods acquire data by scanning a localized beam across the sample. X-ray ptychography processes the transmission signal of a coherent illumination interacting with the sample, to produce images with a resolution finer than the illumination spot and step size. By enlarging both the spot and the step size, the technique can cover extended regions efficiently. X-ray fluorescence records the emitted spectra as the sample is scanned through the localized beam and its spatial resolution is limited by the spot and step size. The requisites for fast ptychography and high-resolution fluorescence appear incompatible. Here, a novel scheme that mitigates the difference in requirements is proposed. The method makes use of two probes of different sizes at the sample, generated by using two different energies for the probes and chromatic focusing optics. The different probe sizes allow to reduce the number of acquisition steps for the joint fluorescence–ptychography scan compared with a standard single beam scan, while imaging the same field of view. The new method is demonstrated experimentally using two undulator harmonics, a Fresnel zone plate and an energy discriminating photon counting detector.	Nov 2021
I13-1-Coherence I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging Data acquisition	Operando and high-throughput micro and nano-tomography Christoph Rau , Shashidhara Marathe , Andrew J. Bodey , Malte Storm , Darren Batey , Silvia Cipiccia , Peng Li , Ralf F. Ziesche , Mohamed Al-Hada , Sven L. M. Schroeder , Gunjan Das , Anjali Goswami SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2021 DOI: 10.1117/12.2598470 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We report about multiscale tomography with high throughput at the Diamond beamline I13L. The beamline has the purpose of multi-scale and operando imaging and consists of two independent branchlines operating in real and reciprocal space. The imaging branch -called Diamond-Manchester branchline- hosts micro-tomography, grating interferometry and a full-field microscope. For rapid recording a broad spectrum of the undulator radiation is used either with band-passing the light with a combination of a filter and a deflecting mirror or using a multilayer monochromator. For all the methods similar recording times can be achieved, with typical scanning times of some minutes and covering the resolution range from microns to the 100nm range. Most recently a robot arm has been installed to increase the throughput to 300 samples per day. The system is now implemented for user operation in remote operation mode for the micro-tomography setup and can be expanded to the two other experiments. The instrumental capabilities are applied on various topics such as the study of biodiversity of insects or the structural variations of electrode materials in batteries. Fast recording with dedicated sample environments (not using the sample changing robot) enables operando studies in many areas, the charging/discharging cycles on batteries, the degradation of teeth enamel under various conditions or loading brine sandstone mixtures with CO2, to name some examples. For imaging with highest spatial resolution we managed to improve significantly the recording speed of ptycho-tomography, which is now in the order of hours and will be reduced further. We demonstrated in the past 2-D recording with 10kHz and expand the instrumental capability with specific hardware dependent triggering and scanning schemes. We expand the research program for multi-scale imaging across both branchlines (imaging and coherence branchlines) with first studies such as batteries, brain research, concrete.	Oct 2021
I13-1-Coherence	Hard x-ray nanotomography for 3D analysis of coking in nickel-based catalysts Sebastian Weber , Darren Batey , Silvia Cipiccia , Matthias Stehle , Ken L. Abel , Roger Gläser , Thomas Lennon Sheppard Angewandte Chemie International Edition DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106380 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [24079] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Understanding catalyst deactivation by coking is crucial for knowledge-based catalyst and process design in reactions with carbonaceous species. Post-mortem analysis of catalyst coking is often performed by bulk characterization methods. Here hard X-ray ptychographic computed tomography (PXCT) was used to study Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for CO2 methanation and CH4 dry reforming after artificial coking treatment. PXCT generated quantitative 3D maps of local electron density at ca. 80 nm resolution, allowing to visualize and evaluate the severity of coking in entire catalyst particles of ca. 40 µm diameter. Coking was primarily revealed in the nanoporous solid, which was not detectable in resolved macropores. Coke formation was independently confirmed by operando Raman spectroscopy. PXCT is highlighted as an emerging characterization tool for nanoscale identification, co-localization, and potentially quantification of deactivation phenomena in 3D space within entire catalyst particles.	Aug 2021

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