I13-1-Coherence
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Peter G.
Martin
,
Christopher P.
Jones
,
Silvia
Cipiccia
,
Darren
Batey
,
Keith R.
Hallam
,
Yukihiko
Satou
,
Ian
Griffiths
,
Christoph
Rau
,
David A.
Richards
,
Keisuke
Sueki
,
Tatsuya
Ishii
,
Thomas B.
Scott
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[16702]
Open Access
Abstract: Both the three-dimensional internal structure and elemental distribution of near-field radioactive fallout particulate material released during the March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is analysed using combined high-resolution laboratory and synchrotron radiation x-ray techniques. Results from this study allow for the proposition of the likely formation mechanism of the particles, as well as the potential risks associated with their existence in the environment, and the likely implications for future planned reactor decommissioning. A suite of particles is analyzed from a locality 2 km from the north-western perimeter of the site – north of the primary contaminant plume in an area formerly attributed to being contaminated by fallout from reactor Unit 1. The particles are shown to exhibit significant structural similarities; being amorphous with a textured exterior, and containing inclusions of contrasting compositions, as well as an extensive internal void volume – bimodal in its size distribution. A heterogeneous distribution of the various elemental constituents is observed inside a representative particle, which also exhibited a Fukushima-derived radiocesium (134Cs, 135Cs and 137Cs) signature with negligible natural Cs. We consider the structure and composition of the particle to suggest it formed from materials associated with the reactor Unit 1 building explosion, with debris fragments embedded into the particles surface. Such a high void ratio, comparable to geological pumice, suggests such material formed during a rapid depressurisation and is potentially susceptible to fragmentation through attrition.
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Jan 2020
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I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[14696, 19579, 21682]
Open Access
Abstract: Multilayer monochromator devices are commonly used at (imaging) beamlines of synchrotron facilities to shape the X-ray beam to relatively small bandwidth and high intensity. However, stripe artefacts are often observed and can deteriorate the image quality. Although the intensity distribution of these artefacts has been described in the literature, their spectral distribution is currently unknown. To assess the spatio-spectral properties of the monochromated X-ray beam, the direct beam has been measured for the first time using a hyperspectral X-ray detector. The results show a large number of spectral features with different spatial distributions for a [Ru, B4C] strip monochromator, associated primarily with the higher-order harmonics of the undulator and monochromator. It is found that their relative contributions are sufficiently low to avoid an influence on the imaging data. The [V, B4C] strip suppresses these high-order harmonics even more than the former, yet at the cost of reduced efficiency.
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Dec 2019
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I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[21327]
Open Access
Abstract: X-ray Grating Talbot Interferometer (XGTI) is already routinely used for quantitative phase contrast imaging of soft tissue samples. XGTI can be realized using various measurement techniques, depending on the X-ray source used, the required spatial resolution and the speed of acquisition. The phase-stepping measurement technique, which is commonly used for XGTI data acquisition, needs multiple acquisitions for a single projection. For fast imaging the Moiré technique, a single-shot technique, is often preferred. However, it requires two gratings which increases the dose on the sample. We have therefore examined the Spatial Harmonic Imaging (SHI) technique which is low-dose and single-shot, using the I13-2 Diamond-Manchester Beamline at Diamond Light Source (DLS). The DLS I13-2 beamline is equipped with a Double Crystal Monochromator (DCM) and a Multi-Layer Monochromator (MLM) to deliver monochromatic beam, which work at the energy bandwidths (ΔE/E) of 10-4 and 10-2, respectively. However, the disadvantage of using these monochromators, especially for fast imaging, is loss of X-ray flux. It has already been shown that XGTI can work with an energy bandwidth (ΔE/E) of 10-1. Our aim is to develop a single phase grating interferometer with pink beam from an undulator source, with X-ray mirror optics and multiple absorption filters, to obtain maximum possible flux with sufficient coherence and monochromaticity. We demonstrate performance with optimized beamline parameters for a photon energy of 15 keV with some demonstrative image reconstructions.
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Oct 2019
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I13-1-Coherence
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging
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Open Access
Abstract: The Diamond Beamline I13L is dedicated to micro- and nano- imaging, with two independently operating branchlines. The imaging branch preforms imaging in real space, with In-line phase contrast imaging and grating interferometry at micrometre resolution and full-field transmission microscopy up to 50nm spatial resolution. Highest spatial resolution is achieved on the coherence branchline, where diffraction imaging methods such as Ptychography and Bragg-CDI are performed. The article provides an update about the experimental capabilities at the beamline with an emphasis on the rapidly evolving ptychography capabilities. The latter has evolved to an user-friendly method with non-expert users able to explore their science without any specific a-priory knowledge.
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Oct 2019
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I13-1-Coherence
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging
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Christoph
Rau
,
Malte
Storm
,
Shashidhara
Marathe
,
Andrew J.
Bodey
,
Marie-christine
Zdora
,
Silvia
Cipiccia
,
Darren
Batey
,
Xiaowen
Shi
,
Sven
Schroeder
,
Gunjan
Das
,
Melanie
Loveridge
,
Ralf
Ziesche
,
Brian
Connolly
Open Access
Abstract: The DIAMOND beamline I13L is dedicated to multi-scale and multi-modal imaging in real and reciprocal space. The beamline consists of two independently operating experimental stations, located at a distance of more than 200 m from the source. The Imaging Branch performs micro-tomography with in-line phase contrast in the 6-30 keV energy range. In addition, a grating interferometry setup and a full-field microscope for nano-tomography are currently implemented. Other techniques providing high-resolution three-dimensional information, in particular coherent X-ray diffraction, are hosted on the Coherence Branch. All imaging methods are tested to operate with large energy bandwidths and therefore shorter exposure times. To this end, two options are currently used: the so-called ‘pink-beam’ mode using a reflecting mirror and X-ray filters and monochromatic mode using a multilayer monochromator. The operation mode enables science for in-situ and operando studies across a wide range of scientific areas.
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Oct 2019
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I13-1-Coherence
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[22099]
Open Access
Abstract: We present a new method of single acquisition spectroscopic imaging with high spatial resolution. The technique is based on the combination of polychromatic synchrotron radiation and ptychographic imaging with a recently developed energy discriminating detector. We demonstrate the feasibility with a Ni-Cu test sample recorded at I13-1 of the Diamond Light Source, UK. The two elements can be clearly distinguished and the Ni absorption edge is identified. The results prove the feasibility of obtaining high-resolution structural and chemical images within a single acquisition using a polychromatic X-ray beam. The capability of resolving the absorption edge applies to a wide range of research areas, such as magnetic domains imaging and element specific investigations in biological, materials, and earth sciences. The method utilises the full available radiation spectrum and is therefore well suited for broadband radiation sources.
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Aug 2019
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I13-1-Coherence
I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy
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Peter G.
Martin
,
Marion
Louvel
,
Silvia
Cipiccia
,
Christopher P.
Jones
,
Darren J.
Batey
,
Keith R.
Hallam
,
Ian A. X.
Yang
,
Yukihiko
Satou
,
Christoph
Rau
,
J. Fred W.
Mosselmans
,
David
Richards
,
Thomas B.
Scott
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[16701, 16702, 18186]
Open Access
Abstract: Here we report the results of multiple analytical techniques on sub-mm particulate material derived from Unit 1 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant to provide a better understanding of the events that occurred and the environmental legacy. Through combined x-ray fluorescence and absorption contrast micro-focused x-ray tomography, entrapped U particulate are observed to exist around the exterior circumference of the highly porous Si-based particle. Further synchrotron radiation analysis of a number of these entrapped particles shows them to exist as UO2—identical to reactor fuel, with confirmation of their nuclear origin shown via mass spectrometry analysis. While unlikely to represent an environmental or health hazard, such assertions would likely change should break-up of the Si-containing bulk particle occur. However, more important to the long-term decommissioning of the reactors at the FDNPP (and environmental clean-upon), is the knowledge that core integrity of reactor Unit 1 was compromised with nuclear material existing outside of the reactors primary containment.
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Jun 2019
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A. E.
Hussein
,
N.
Senabulya
,
Y.
Ma
,
M. J. V.
Streeter
,
B.
Kettle
,
S. J. D.
Dann
,
F.
Albert
,
N.
Bourgeois
,
S.
Cipiccia
,
J. M.
Cole
,
O.
Finlay
,
E.
Gerstmayr
,
I. Gallardo
González
,
A.
Higginbotham
,
D. A.
Jaroszynski
,
K.
Falk
,
K.
Krushelnick
,
N.
Lemos
,
N. C.
Lopes
,
C.
Lumsdon
,
O.
Lundh
,
S. P. D.
Mangles
,
Z.
Najmudin
,
P. P.
Rajeev
,
C. M.
Schlepütz
,
M.
Shahzad
,
M.
Smid
,
R.
Spesyvtsev
,
D. R.
Symes
,
G.
Vieux
,
L.
Willingale
,
J. C.
Wood
,
A. J.
Shahani
,
A. G. R.
Thomas
Open Access
Abstract: Laser-wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) are high acceleration-gradient plasma-based particle accelerators capable of producing ultra-relativistic electron beams. Within the strong focusing fields of the wakefield, accelerated electrons undergo betatron oscillations, emitting a bright pulse of X-rays with a micrometer-scale source size that may be used for imaging applications. Non-destructive X-ray phase contrast imaging and tomography of heterogeneous materials can provide insight into their processing, structure, and performance. To demonstrate the imaging capability of X-rays from an LWFA we have examined an irregular eutectic in the aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) system. The lamellar spacing of the Al-Si eutectic microstructure is on the order of a few micrometers, thus requiring high spatial resolution. We present comparisons between the sharpness and spatial resolution in phase contrast images of this eutectic alloy obtained via X-ray phase contrast imaging at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) synchrotron and X-ray projection microscopy via an LWFA source. An upper bound on the resolving power of 2.7 ± 0.3 μm of the LWFA source in this experiment was measured. These results indicate that betatron X-rays from laser wakefield acceleration can provide an alternative to conventional synchrotron sources for high resolution imaging of eutectics and, more broadly, complex microstructures.
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Mar 2019
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I13-1-Coherence
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging
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Abstract: The I13 imaging and coherence beamline aims for multiscale imaging in the energy range of 6-30keV. The achievable resolution ranges from several microns to tens of nanometers. Several experimental methods are available on two independently operating branchlines. The Diamond-Manchester imaging branchline applies methods in direct space, such as In-line phase contrast, grating interferometry and full-field microscopy. The coherence branch covers far-field techniques such as ptychography and Bragg-CDI. The ptychography is now available as user-friendly experiment and the spatial and temporal resolution has been significantly enhanced. The scientific program at I13 will increasingly explore the suite of experimental techniques available at the beamline for multi-scale imaging.
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Jan 2019
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I13-1-Coherence
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Open Access
Abstract: The Coherence branch of the I13 beamline in Diamond Light Source is specialized in reciprocal space imaging using Ptychography and Bragg CDT techniques. The experimental hutch is 220 m from the synchrotron source, providing the x-ray beam with intrinsic high spatial coherence. The capacious hutch allows variable sample-detector distance up to l4.5 m. This, in combination with the use of the large area photon counting detector Excalibur, enables fields of view as large as 500 μm, resolution down to tens of nanometers and acquisition rate in excess of l00 Hz. Recently the ptychography scan has been combined to the x-ray fluorescence scan to simultaneously access the chemical and structural information of the sample.
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Jan 2019
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