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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Time-resolved synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography datasets of drainage and imbibition in carbonate rocks Kamaljit Singh , Hannah Menke , Matthew Andrew , Christoph Rau , Branko Bijeljic , Martin J. Blunt Scientific Data 5 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.265 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [11587] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Multiphase flow in permeable media is a complex pore-scale phenomenon, which is important in many natural and industrial processes. To understand the pore-scale dynamics of multiphase flow, we acquired time-series synchrotron X-ray micro-tomographic data at a voxel-resolution of 3.28 μm and time-resolution of 38 s during drainage and imbibition in a carbonate rock, under a capillary-dominated flow regime at elevated pressure. The time-series data library contains 496 tomographic images (gray-scale and segmented) for the complete drainage process, and 416 tomographic images (gray-scale and segmented) for the complete imbibition process. These datasets have been uploaded on the publicly accessible British Geological Survey repository, with the objective that the time-series information can be used by other groups to validate pore-scale displacement models such as direct simulations, pore-network and neural network models, as well as to investigate flow mechanisms related to the displacement and trapping of the non-wetting phase in the pore space. These datasets can also be used for improving segmentation algorithms for tomographic data with limited projections.	Dec 2018
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Dynamics of snap-off and pore-filling events during two-phase fluid flow in permeable media Kamaljit Singh , Hannah Menke , Matthew Andrew , Qingyang Lin , Christoph Rau , Martin J. Blunt , Branko Bijeljic Scientific Reports 7 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05204-4 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [11587] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Understanding the pore-scale dynamics of two-phase fluid flow in permeable media is important in many processes such as water infiltration in soils, oil recovery, and geo-sequestration of CO2. The two most important processes that compete during the displacement of a non-wetting fluid by a wetting fluid are pore-filling or piston-like displacement and snap-off; this latter process can lead to trapping of the non-wetting phase. We present a three-dimensional dynamic visualization study using fast synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography to provide new insights into these processes by conducting a time-resolved pore-by-pore analysis of the local curvature and capillary pressure. We show that the time-scales of interface movement and brine layer swelling leading to snap-off are several minutes, orders of magnitude slower than observed for Haines jumps in drainage. The local capillary pressure increases rapidly after snap-off as the trapped phase finds a position that is a new local energy minimum. However, the pressure change is less dramatic than that observed during drainage. We also show that the brine-oil interface jumps from pore-to-pore during imbibition at an approximately constant local capillary pressure, with an event size of the order of an average pore size, again much smaller than the large bursts seen during drainage.	Jul 2017
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Dynamic fluid connectivity during steady-state multiphase flow in a sandstone Catriona A. Reynolds , Hannah Menke , Matthew Andrew , Martin J. Blunt , Samuel Krevor Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences 4 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702834114 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10605] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The current conceptual picture of steady-state multiphase Darcy flow in porous media is that the fluid phases organize into separate flow pathways with stable interfaces. Here we demonstrate a previously unobserved type of steady-state flow behavior, which we term “dynamic connectivity,” using fast pore-scale X-ray imaging. We image the flow of N2 and brine through a permeable sandstone at subsurface reservoir conditions, and low capillary numbers, and at constant fluid saturation. At any instant, the network of pores filled with the nonwetting phase is not necessarily connected. Flow occurs along pathways that periodically reconnect, like cars controlled by traffic lights. This behavior is consistent with an energy balance, where some of the energy of the injected fluids is sporadically converted to create new interfaces.	Jul 2017

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