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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
	Rapid recombination by cadmium vacancies in CdTe Seán R. Kavanagh , Aron Walsh , David O. Scanlon Acs Energy Letters 6, 1392 - 1398 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00380 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: CdTe is currently the largest thin-film photovoltaic technology. Non-radiative electron–hole recombination reduces the solar conversion efficiency from an ideal value of 32% to a current champion performance of 22%. The cadmium vacancy (VCd) is a prominent acceptor species in p-type CdTe; however, debate continues regarding its structural and electronic behavior. Using ab initio defect techniques, we calculate a negative-U double-acceptor level for VCd, while reproducing the VCd1– hole–polaron, reconciling theoretical predictions with experimental observations. We find the cadmium vacancy facilitates rapid charge-carrier recombination, reducing maximum power-conversion efficiency by over 5% for untreated CdTe—a consequence of tellurium dimerization, metastable structural arrangements, and anharmonic potential energy surfaces for carrier capture.	Mar 2021
B16-Test Beamline I15-Extreme Conditions	Energy dependence of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization in plasmid DNA Stephen J. Mcmahon , Wendy B. Hyland , Emilie Brun , Karl T. Butterworth , Johnathan A. Coulter , Thierry Douki , David G. Hirst , Suneil Jain , Anthony P. Kavanagh , Zeljka Krpetic , Marcus H. Mendenhall , Mark F. Muir , Kevin M. Prise , Herwig Requardt , Leon Sanche , Giuseppe Schettino , Fred J. Currell , Cecile Sicard-Roselli The Journal Of Physical Chemistry C 115 (41) DOI: 10.1021/jp206854s Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are of considerable interest for use as a radio-sensitiser, due to their bio-compatibility and their ability to increase dose deposited due to their high mass energy absorption coefficient. Their sensitising properties have been verified experimentally, but there is a discrepancy between experimental results and theoretical predictions, which suggests that the sensitising effect does not solely depend on gold's superior absorption of energetic photons. This work presents the results of three experiments that independently mapped out the energy dependence of the radio-sensitising effects of GNPs on plasmid DNA suspended in water. Incident photon energy was varied from 11.8 to 80 keV through the use of monochromatic synchrotron and broadband X-rays. These results depart significantly from theoretical predictions in two ways. Firstly, the sensitisation is significantly larger than would be predicted; secondly, it does not vary with energy as would be predicted from energy absorption coefficients. These results clearly demonstrate that the effects of GNP-enhanced therapies cannot be predicted by considering additional dose alone, and that a greater understanding of the processes involved is necessary for the development of future therapeutics.	Sep 2011

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