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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
	In situ mechanical behavior of regenerating rat calvaria bones under tensile load via synchrotron diffraction characterization Ameni Zaouali , Baptiste Girault , David Gloaguen , Fabienne Jordana , Marie-josé Moya , Pierre-antoine Dubos , Valerie Geoffroy , Matthias Schwartzkopf , Tim Snow , Himadri Gupta , Olga Shebanova , Konrad Schneider , Baobao Chang Residual Stresses 2018 DOI: 10.21741/9781945291890-19 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The major challenge of Research in bone surgery is to develop strategies to repair large bone defects. Bone grafting technique is the gold standard to fill and heal these kind of defects. This work address the evolution of the mechanical properties as regard to bone regeneration microstructure. Managing such a time dependent (different regeneration step) and spatially resolved (strain field across natural/reconstructed bone interface) process is achieved through a quantitative analysis of the mechanical strain distribution supported by the mineral part of bone architecture (hydroxyapatite – Hap) and crystal microstructural features (size distribution, spatial pattern). SAXS/WAXS (Small- and Wide- Angle X-ray Scattering) experiments will highlight strain distribution respectively in the reconstructed bone’s collagen fibrils and minerals, through mechanical state mapping over a surgically created defect under in situ tensile testing on samples harvested at different regeneration stages.	Oct 2018
I02-Macromolecular Crystallography I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	The Hierarchical Response of Human Corneal Collagen to Load J. S. Bell , Sally Hayes , C. Whitford , J. Sanchez-weatherby , O. Shebanova , C. Vergari , C. P. Winlove , N. Terrill , T. Sorensen , A. Elsheikh , K. M. Meek Acta Biomaterialia DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.015 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12810, 11316] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Fibrillar collagen in the human cornea is integral to its function as a transparent lens of precise curvature, and its arrangement is now well-characterised in the literature. While there has been considerable effort to incorporate fibrillar architecture into mechanical models of the cornea, the mechanical response of corneal collagen to small applied loads is not well understood. In this study the fibrillar and molecular response to tensile load was quantified using small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), and digital image correlation (DIC) photography was used to calculate the local strain field that gave rise to the hierarchical changes. A molecular scattering model was used to calculate the tropocollagen tilt relative to the fibril axis and changes associated with applied strain. Changes were measured in the D-period, molecular tilt and the orientation and spacing of the fibrillar and molecular networks. These measurements were summarised into hierarchical deformation mechanisms, which were found to contribute at varying strains. The change in molecular tilt is indicative of a sub-fibrillar “spring-like” deformation mechanism, which was found to account for most of the applied strain under physiological and near-physiological loads. This deformation mechanism may play an important functional role in tissues rich in fibrils of high helical tilt, such as skin and cartilage.	Nov 2017
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Charging poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes in nonpolar solvents: Effect of particle concentration Gregory N. Smith , Silvia Ahualli , Angel V. Delgado , David A. J. Gillespie , Roger Kemp , Jocelyn Peach , Jonathan C. Pegg , Sarah Rogers , Olga Shebanova , Nathan Smith , Julian Eastoe Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02257 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [9753] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The electrophoresis of a well-established model system of charged colloids in nonpolar solvents has been studied as a function of particle volume fraction at constant surfactant concentration. Dispersions of poly(12-hydroxystearic acid)-stabilized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) latexes in dodecane were prepared with added Aerosol OT surfactant as the charging agent. The electrophoretic mobility (µ) of the PMMA latexes is found to decrease with particle concentration. The particles are charged by a small molecule charging agent (AOT) at finite concentration, and this makes the origin of this decrease in µ unclear. There are two suggested explanations. The decrease could either be due to the reservoir of available surfactant being exhausted at high particle concentrations or the interactions between the charged particles at high particle number concentrations. Contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering measurements of PMMA latexes and deuterated AOT-d34 surfactant in latex core contrast-matched solvent were used to study the former, and electrokinetic modeling were used to study the latter. As the same amount of AOT-d34 is found to be incorporated with the latexes at all volume fractions, the solvodynamic and electrical interactions between particles are determined to be the explanation for the decrease in mobility. These measurements show that, for small latexes, there are interactions between the charged particles at all accessible particle volume fractions and that it is necessary to account for this to accurately determine the electrokinetic ζ potential.	Oct 2017

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