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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
E01-JEM ARM 200CF	Polyphenylene-based solid acid as an efficient catalyst for activation and hydration of alkynes Yiyun Liu , Bolun Wang , Liqun Kang , Apostolos Stamatopoulos , Hao Gu , Feng Ryan Wang Chemistry Of Materials DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01763 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22572, 21641] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Porous polymer catalysts possess the potential to combine the advantages of heterogeneous and homogeneous cataly-sis, namely easy post-reaction recycling and high dispersion of active sites. Here we designed a -SO3H functionalized polyphenylene (PPhen) framework with purely sp2-hybridized carbons, which exhibited high activity in the hydration of alkynes including challenging aliphatic substrates such as 1-octyne. The superiority of the structure lies in its cova-lent crosslink in the xy-plane with π-π stacking interaction between the planes, enabling simultaneously high swella-bility and porosity (653 m2·g-1). High acidic sites density (2.12 mmol/g) was achieved at mild sulfonation condition. Similar turnover frequencies (0.015 ± 0.001 min-1) were obtained regardless of acidic density and crosslink content, suggesting high accessibility for all active sites over PPhen. In addition, the substituted benzene groups can activate alkynes through a T-shape CH/π interaction, as indicated by the 8 cm-1 and 16 cm-1 red shift of the alkyne C-H stretch-ing peak for phenylacetylene and 1-octyne repectively in the IR spectra. These advantages render PPhen-SO3H a prom-ising candidate as a solid catalyst replacing the highly toxic liquid phase acids such as the mercury salt.	May 2020
B07-C-Versatile Soft X-ray beamline: Ambient Pressure XPS and NEXAFS E01-JEM ARM 200CF	Multi‐scale investigations of δ‐Ni 0.25 V 2 O 5 ·nH 2 O cathode materials in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries Jianwei Li , Kit Mccoll , Xuekun Lu , Sanjay Sathasivam , Haobo Dong , Liqun Kang , Zhuangnan Li , Siyu Zhao , Andreas G. Kafizas , Ryan Wang , Dan J. L. Brett , Paul R. Shearing , Furio Corà , Guanjie He , Claire J. Carmalt , Ivan P. Parkin Advanced Energy Materials 8 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202000058 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [24197, 22572] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Cost‐effective and environment‐friendly aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) exhibit tremendous potential for application in grid‐scale energy storage systems but are limited by suitable cathode materials. Hydrated vanadium bronzes have gained significant attention for AZIBs and can be produced with a range of different pre‐intercalated ions, allowing their properties to be optimized. However, gaining a detailed understanding of the energy storage mechanisms within these cathode materials remains a great challenge due to their complex crystallographic frameworks, limiting rational design from the perspective of enhanced Zn2+ diffusion over multiple length scales. Herein, a new class of hydrated porous δ‐Ni0.25V2O5.nH2O nanoribbons for use as an AZIB cathode is reported. The cathode delivers reversibility showing 402 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and a capacity retention of 98% over 1200 cycles at 5 A g−1. A detailed investigation using experimental and computational approaches reveal that the host “δ” vanadate lattice has favorable Zn2+ diffusion properties, arising from the atomic‐level structure of the well‐defined lattice channels. Furthermore, the microstructure of the as‐prepared cathodes is examined using multi‐length scale X‐ray computed tomography for the first time in AZIBs and the effective diffusion coefficient is obtained by image‐based modeling, illustrating favorable porosity and satisfactory tortuosity.	Feb 2020
E01-JEM ARM 200CF	The direct synthesis of H2O2 using TS-1 supported catalysts Richard J. Lewis , Kenji Ueura , Yukimasa Fukuta , Simon J. Freakley , Liqun Kang , Feng Ryan Wang , Qian He , Jennifer. K. Edwards , David J. Morgan , Yasushi Yamamoto , Graham J. Hutchings Chemcatchem 6 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900100 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19246] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this study we show that using AuPd nanoparticles supported on a commercial titanium silicate (TS‐1) prepared using a wet co‐impregnation method it is possible to produce hydrogen peroxide from molecular H2 and O2 via the direct synthesis reaction. The effect of Au: Pd ratio and calcination temperature is evaluated as well as the role of Pt addition to the AuPd supported catalysts. The effect of Pt addition to AuPt nanoparticles is observed to result in a significant improvement in catalytic activity and selectivity to hydrogen peroxide with detailed characterisation indicating this is a result of selectively tuning the ratio of Pd oxidation states.	Mar 2019
B18-Core EXAFS E01-JEM ARM 200CF	Nanoporous carbon: Liquid-free synthesis and geometry dependent catalytic performance Ruoyu Xu , Liqun Kang , Johannes Knossalla , Jerrik Mielby , Qiming Wang , Bolun Wang , Junrun Feng , Guanjie He , Yudao Qin , Jijia Xie , Ann-christin Swertz , Qian He , Søren Kegnæs , Dan J.l. Brett , Ferdi Schüth , Feng Ryan Wang Acs Nano DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09399 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [206191, 15151] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Nanostructured carbons with different pore geometries are prepared with a liquid-free nanocasting method. The method uses gases instead of liquid to disperse carbon precursor, leach templates and remove impurities, minimizing synthetic procedures and the use of chemicals. The method is universal and demonstrated by the synthesis of 12 different porous carbons with various template sources. The effects of pore geometries in catalysis can be isolated and investigated. Two of the resulted materials with different pore geometries are studied as supports for Ru clusters in the hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and electrochemical hydrogen evolution (HER). The porous carbon supported Ru catalysts outperform commercial ones in both reactions. It was found that Ru on bottle-neck pore carbon shows highest yield in hydrogenolysis of HMF to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) due to a better confinement effect. A wide temperature operation window from 110 °C to 140 °C, with over 75% yield and 98% selectivity of DMF has been achieved. Tubular pores enable fast charge transfer in electrochemical HER, requiring only 16 mV overpotential to reach current density of 10 mA cm.	Jan 2019
B18-Core EXAFS	Methanation of CO2 over Zeolite-Encapsulated Nickel Nanoparticles Farnoosh Goodarzi , Liqun Kang , Feng Ryan Wang , Finn Joensen , Søren Kegnaes , Jerrik Mielby Chemcatchem DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701946 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [15151] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Here we present a simple and effective method to encapsulate Ni nanoparticles in zeolite silicalite-1. In this method, the zeolite is modified by selective desilication, which creates intra-particle voids and mesopores that facilitate the formation of small and well-dispersed nanoparticles upon impregnation and reduction. TEM and XPS analysis confirm that a significant part of the Ni nanoparticles are situated inside the zeolite rather than on the outer surface. The encapsulation results in an increased metal dispersion and, consequently, a high catalytic activity for CO2 methanation. With a gas hourly space velocity of 60000 ml/g catalyst h-1 and H2/CO2=4, the zeolite-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles result in 60% conversion at 450°C, which corresponds to a site-time yield of around 304 mol CH4/mol Ni h-1. The encapsulated Ni nanoparticles show no change in activity or selectivity after 50 h of operation, although post-catalysis characterisation reveals some particle migration.	Jan 2018

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