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B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Semiconductor nanostructure quantum ratchet for high efficiency solar cells Anthony Vaquero-Stainer , Megumi Yoshida , Nicholas P. Hylton , Andreas Pusch , Oliver Curtin , Mark Frogley , Thomas Wilson , Edmund Clarke , Kenneth Kennedy , Nicholas J. Ekins-Daukes , Ortwin Hess , Chris C. Phillips Communications Physics 1 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-018-0007-6 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12829] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Conventional solar cell efficiencies are capped by the ~31% Shockley–Queisser limit because, even with an optimally chosen bandgap, some red photons will go unabsorbed and the excess energy of the blue photons is wasted as heat. Here we demonstrate a “quantum ratchet” device that avoids this limitation by inserting a pair of linked states that form a metastable photoelectron trap in the bandgap. It is designed both to reduce non-radiative recombination, and to break the Shockley–Queisser limit by introducing an additional “sequential two photon absorption” (STPA) excitation channel across the bandgap. We realise the quantum ratchet concept with a semiconductor nanostructure. It raises the electron lifetime in the metastable trap by ~10^4, and gives a STPA channel that increases the photocurrent by a factor of ~50%. This result illustrates a new paradigm for designing ultra-efficient photovoltaic devices.	Mar 2018

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