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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
Accelerator Physics	Lattice design for the Diamond-II light source storage ring H. Ghasem , N. Blaskovic Kraljevic , B. Singh , I. P. S. Martin Physical Review Accelerators And Beams 27 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.110704 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: To satisfy user demands for a high-brightness, high-capacity synchrotron light source, a novel multibend achromat (MBA) lattice structure has been developed for the Diamond-II storage ring upgrade. This lattice combines the high-dispersion locations characteristic of hybrid MBA lattices with newly introduced midcell straight sections to allow extra insertion devices to be installed. The resulting structure is named the modified hybrid six bend achromat (MH6BA) lattice. When adapted to fit in the existing 560.6 m Diamond storage ring tunnel, it reaches a natural emittance of 162 pm rad at 3.5 GeV. The characteristics of the MH6BA lattice, the methodology used to optimize the linear and nonlinear beam dynamics, and the lattice performance in a range of conditions are discussed.	Nov 2024
Accelerator Physics	Numerical optimization of the Diamond-II storage ring optics N. Blaskovic Kraljevic , H.-C. Chao , H. Ghasem , I. P. S. Martin , S. Preston IPAC'24 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The design performance of the 3.5 GeV Diamond-II low-emittance electron storage ring has been studied as a function of the linear and nonlinear lattice tuning parameters. An alternative working point has been iden- tified which optimizes the beam lifetime and the injection efficiency for off-axis injection. The simulations include misalignment and field strength errors, with the number of machine seeds tuned to achieve converg- ing results whilst minimizing computational time. The optimization takes care to preserve the design beam emittance, energy spread, Twiss parameters and cell tunes. The results are presented for 2D parameter scans and exploring the null space of the chromaticity response matrix.	May 2024
Accelerator Physics	Collimator study for the Diamond-II storage ring H. Ghasem , I. P. S. Martin , H.-C. Chao , W. Shields IPAC2024 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Horizontal and vertical collimators will be installed in the Diamond-II storage ring to protect the ring components against undesired losses and radiation showers. Different loss mechanisms have been studied, including lifetime effects, RF trips, injection losses and kicker misfire. In this paper, we present the latest collimator layout and collimation efficiency. In addition, the risk of damage to the collimator blades has been studied for different materials using BDSIM.	May 2024
Accelerator Physics	Study of aperture sharing injection scheme for Diamond-II H. Ghasem , A. Lueangaramwong , A. F. D. Morgan , I.p.s. Martin 14th International Particle Accelerator Conference DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2023-MOPM073 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The Diamond-II storage ring has been designed to increase photon brightness by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the existing Diamond facility. A single-bunch aperture sharing injection scheme using short stripline kickers applied with high-voltage nano-second pulsers was proposed to provide both high injection efficiency and high photon beam stability in top-up mode. The quasi-transparent injection process has been optimised and studied using Accelerator Toolbox. The results of these study will be presented.	Sep 2023
Mechanical Engineering	Aperture sharing injection for Diamond-II J. Kallestrup , H. Ghasem , I. P. S. Martin IPAC2022 DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT018 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The planned Diamond-II storage ring will provide users with an increase in brightness of up to two orders of magnitude compared with the existing Diamond facility. The aim is to maintain excellent photon beam stability in top-up mode, which requires frequent injections. This paper introduces the aperture sharing injection scheme designed for Diamond-II. The scheme promises, through the use of short striplines equipped with high-voltage nano-second pulsers, a quasi-transparent injection while maintaining an approximately 100% injection efficiency.	Jul 2022
Accelerator Physics	Orbit stability studies for the Diamond-II storage ring I. P. S. Martin , C. A. Abraham , D. Crivelli , H. Ghasem , B. Nicholson , T. Olsson , P. Sanchez-Navarro IPAC2022 DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-THPOPT017 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The photon-beam positional stability relative to the beam size is a key performance parameter for storage ring light sources. The natural emittance of the Diamond-II ring will be lowered by a factor 16.7 compared to the existing ring, so the absolute stability requirement for the electron beam must reduce accordingly. In addition, advances in detector speed and resolution mean the tolerances are tighter compared to previous generations of storage rings, with a target of 3 % of beam size up to 1 kHz having been adopted for Diamond-II. In this paper we present studies of how the anticipated ground vibrations, girder motion and power supply ripple will affect the electron beam stability as a function of frequency.	Jul 2022
Insertion Devices	Impact of insertion devices on Diamond-II lattice B. Singh , H. Ghasem , J. Kallestrup , T. Olsson , R. Fielder , I. Martin IPAC2022 DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-MOPOTK037 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The DIAMOND-II lattice is based on the ESRF-EBS cell, with the centre dipole replaced by a (chromatic) mid-straight, and a -I transformer, higher order achromat (HOA) & dispersion bumps to control the nonlinear dynamics. The majority of insertion devices currently on operation in Diamond will be either retained or upgraded as part of the Diamond-II program, and the new mid straights allow the total number of ID beamlines to be increased from 28 to 36.Therefore, it is important to investigate how IDs will affect the emittance, energy spread and linear and nonlinear beam dynamics. The kickmap approach has been used to model all IDs, including APPLE-II and APPLE-II Knot with active shim wires. In this paper, the outcome of these investigations will be presented and discussed.	Jul 2022
Optics	Tunability and alternative optics for the Diamond-II storage ring H. Ghasem , I. P. S. Martin , B. Singh IPAC2022 DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS034 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: When defining the magnet specifications, a key consideration is that the hardware should be flexible enough to allow some contingency for future tuning requirements or for alternative lattice solutions to be implemented. To define the required tunability of the magnets, we have investigated two lattice solutions for the Diamond-II storage ring upgrade, one with reduced beta functions at the straight sections for improved matching to the photon beam and one with an ultra-low emittance of 87 pm with IDs. In this paper, the linear and nonlinear beam dynamic issues as well as the photon beam brightness for these two options will be presented and discussed.	Jun 2022
Accelerator Physics	Performance of the Diamond-II storage ring collimators H. Ghasem , J. Kallestrup , I. P. S. Martin IPAC2022 DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-TUPOMS032 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Particle losses in a storage ring are unavoidable and it is very important to capture them and protect the machine from any possible damage. For this purpose, 6 collimators have been introduced in the Diamond-II storage ring lattice. This paper describes the main layout of the collimators with their corresponding impact and performance.	Jun 2022
Magnets	Progress with the Diamond-II storage ring lattice H. Ghasem , I. P. S. Martin , B. Singh DOI: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB090 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Building on the CDR proposal for the Diamond-II storage ring, a number of changes have been implemented to improve the performance of the lattice. Firstly, anti-bend magnets have been utilized to provide additional control over the dispersion function, and an improved symmetrization in the phase advance between the sextupoles was found to be beneficial for the dynamic aperture. Furthermore, the longitudinal variable bends have been tailored to reduce the emittance and have had transverse gradient added to improve the optics control in the mid-straights. In the absence of IDs, the current design provides 161 pm electron beam emittance, reducing to 139 pm once all effects are taken into account. The dynamic aperture is large enough to support an off-axis injection scheme using a nonlinear kicker and has a lifetime greater than 4 h. In this paper, the main parameters and magnet specifications for the Diamond-II lattice are provided. The related linear and non-linear beam dynamics issues are discussed, along with the impact of IDs.	Aug 2021

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