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34 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I13-1-Coherence	Advanced x-ray imaging techniques in tissue engineering: a new construct assessment platform for enabling the regeneration of personalised organs Savvas N. Savvides , Mattia F. Gerli , Antonio Citro , Lorenzo Massimi , Charlotte K. Hagen , Marco Endrizzi , Alessia Atzeni , Alberto Astolfo , Michela Esposito , Olumide K. Ogunbiyi , Mark Turmaine , Elizabeth S. Smith , Silvia Cipiccia , Christoph Rau , Peng Li , Roberto Lutman , Giulia Selmin , Natalie Durkin , Soichi Shibuya , Marianna Scuglia , Marco Pellegrini , Paolo De Coppi , Alessandro Olivo SPIE Medical Imaging, 2023 DOI: 10.1117/12.2653075 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Tissue engineering (TE) holds promise for generating lab-grown patient specific organs which can provide: (1) effective treatment for conditions that require volumetric tissue transplantation and (2) new platforms for drug testing. Even though volumetric structural information is essential for confirming successful organ maturation, TE protocol designs are currently informed through destructive and 2D construct assessment tools (e.g. histology). X-ray phase-contrast computed-tomography (PC-CT) can generate non-destructive, high resolution, 3D density maps of organ architecture. In this work, PC-CT is used as new imaging tool for guiding two TE protocols currently at the in-vitro testing stage. The first (1) involves cell-repopulation of an oesophageal scaffold, with the aim of using the regenerated construct for treating long-gap oesophageal atresia, whilst for the second (2) a lung-derived scaffold is populated with islets for regenerating a pancreas, with the “repurposed” lung offering a platform for diabetes drug testing. By combing 3D images and quantitative information, we were able to perform comprehensive construct evaluation. Specifically, we assessed volumetrically: (1) the cell-distribution within the regenerated oesophagi and (2) islet integration with the vascular tree of the lung-derived scaffold. This new information was proven to be essential for establishing corresponding TE protocols and enabled their progression to more advanced scale-up models. We are confident that PC-CT will provide the novel insights necessary to further progress TE protocols, with the next step being in-vivo testing. Crucially, the non-destructive nature of PC-CT will allow in-vivo assessments of TE constructs following their implantation into animal hosts, to investigate their successful integration.	Apr 2023
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Allometric scaling of a superposition eye optimizes sensitivity and acuity in large and small hawkmoths Anna Stöckl , Rebecca Grittner , Gavin Taylor , Christoph Rau , Andrew J. Bodey , Almut Kelber , Emily Baird Proceedings Of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 289 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0758 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13848] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Animals vary widely in body size within and across species. This has consequences for the function of organs and body parts in both large and small individuals. How these scale, in relation to body size, reveals evolutionary investment strategies, often resulting in trade-offs between functions. Eyes exemplify these trade-offs, as they are limited by their absolute size in two key performance features: sensitivity and spatial acuity. Due to their size polymorphism, insect compound eyes are ideal models for studying the allometric scaling of eye performance. Previous work on apposition compound eyes revealed that allometric scaling led to poorer spatial resolution and visual sensitivity in small individuals, across a range of insect species. Here, we used X-ray microtomography to investigate allometric scaling in superposition compound eyes—the second most common eye type in insects—for the first time. Our results reveal a novel strategy to cope with the trade-off between sensitivity and spatial acuity, as we show that the eyes of the hummingbird hawkmoth retain an optimal balance between these performance measures across all body sizes.	Jul 2022
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Time resolved in-situ multi-contrast X-ray imaging of melting in metals Lorenzo Massimi , Samuel J. Clark , Sebastian Marussi , Adam Doherty , Saurabh M. Shah , Joachim Schulz , Shashidhara Marathe , Christoph Rau , Marco Endrizzi , Peter D. Lee , Alessandro Olivo Scientific Reports 12 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15501-2 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23760] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this work, the application of a time resolved multi-contrast beam tracking technique to the investigation of the melting and solidification process in metals is presented. The use of such a technique allows retrieval of three contrast channels, transmission, refraction and dark-field, with millisecond time resolution. We investigated different melting conditions to characterize, at a proof-of-concept level, the features visible in each of the contrast channels. We found that the phase contrast channel provides a superior visibility of the density variations, allowing the liquid metal pool to be clearly distinguished. Refraction and dark-field were found to highlight surface roughness formed during solidification. This work demonstrates that the availability of the additional contrast channels provided by multi-contrast X-ray imaging delivers additional information, also when imaging high atomic number specimens with a significant absorption.	Jul 2022
I13-1-Coherence	Coherent X-ray diffraction of the M1 to M2 structural phase transition in a single vanadium dioxide nanocrystal Marcus Newton , Ulrich Wagner , Christoph Rau Applied Physics Express DOI: 10.35848/1882-0786/ac7777 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12587] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Correlated electronic materials are of interest due to strong coupling between lattice, spin and orbital degrees of freedom that give rise to emergent behaviour that is often of considerable utility for next generation technologies. Vanadium dioxide is a prototypical material that undergoes a number of structural phase transitions near room temperature. Here are presented the results of coherent x-ray diffraction measurements on a single vanadium dioxide nanocrystal approximately 440 nm in size. Experimental findings are compared with ab-initio simulations to elucidate the origin of distortions that are observed in the diffraction pattern.	Jun 2022
I13-1-Coherence	High-speed X-ray ptychographic tomography Darren Batey , Christoph Rau , Silvia Cipiccia Scientific Reports 12 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11292-8 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [26240] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray ptychography is a coherent scanning imaging technique widely used at synchrotron facilities for producing quantitative phase images beyond the resolution limit of conventional x-ray optics. The scanning nature of the technique introduces an inherent overhead to the collection at every scan position and limits the acquisition time of each 2D projection. The overhead associated with motion can be minimised with a continuous-scanning approach. Here we present an acquisition architecture based on continuous-scanning and up-triggering which allows to record ptychographic datasets at up to 9 kHz. We demonstrate the method by applying it to record 2D scans at up to 273 µm2/s and 3D scans of a (20 µm)3 volume in less than three hours. We discuss the current limitations and the outlook toward the development of sub-second 2D acquisition and minutes-long 3D ptychographic tomograms.	May 2022
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Functional and multiscale 3D structural investigation of brain tissue through correlative in vivo physiology, synchrotron microtomography and volume electron microscopy Carles Bosch , Tobias Ackels , Alexandra Pacureanu , Yuxin Zhang , Christopher J. Peddie , Manuel Berning , Norman Rzepka , Marie-Christine Zdora , Isabell Whiteley , Malte Storm , Anne Bonnin , Christoph Rau , Troy Margrie , Lucy Collinson , Andreas T. Schaefer Nature Communications 13 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30199-6 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20274] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Understanding the function of biological tissues requires a coordinated study of physiology and structure, exploring volumes that contain complete functional units at a detail that resolves the relevant features. Here, we introduce an approach to address this challenge: Mouse brain tissue sections containing a region where function was recorded using in vivo 2-photon calcium imaging were stained, dehydrated, resin-embedded and imaged with synchrotron X-ray computed tomography with propagation-based phase contrast (SXRT). SXRT provided context at subcellular detail, and could be followed by targeted acquisition of multiple volumes using serial block-face electron microscopy (SBEM). In the olfactory bulb, combining SXRT and SBEM enabled disambiguation of in vivo-assigned regions of interest. In the hippocampus, we found that superficial pyramidal neurons in CA1a displayed a larger density of spine apparati than deeper ones. Altogether, this approach can enable a functional and structural investigation of subcellular features in the context of cells and tissues.	May 2022
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Optimizing the energy bandwidth for transmission full-field X-ray microscopy experiments Malte Storm , Florian Doring , Shashidhara Marathe , Silvia Cipiccia , Christian David , Christoph Rau Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 29 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521011206 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) is a very potent high-resolution X-ray imaging technique. However, it is challenging to achieve fast acquisitions because of the limited efficiency of the optics. Using a broader energy bandwidth, for example using a multilayer monochromator, directly increases the flux in the experiment. The advantage of more counts needs to be weighed against a deterioration in achievable resolution because focusing optics show chromatic aberrations. This study presents theoretical considerations of how much the resolution is affected by an increase in bandwidth as well as measurements at different energy bandwidths (ΔE/E = 0.013%, 0.27%, 0.63%) and the impact on achievable resolution. It is shown that using a multilayer monochromator instead of a classical silicon double-crystal monochromator can increase the flux by an order of magnitude with only a limited effect on the resolution.	Dec 2021
I13-1-Coherence	Dual energy X-ray beam ptycho-fluorescence imaging Silvia Cipiccia , Francesco Brun , Vittorio Di Trapani , Christoph Rau , Darren J. Batey Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521008675 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [21767] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray ptychography and X-ray fluorescence are complementary nanoscale imaging techniques, providing structural and elemental information, respectively. Both methods acquire data by scanning a localized beam across the sample. X-ray ptychography processes the transmission signal of a coherent illumination interacting with the sample, to produce images with a resolution finer than the illumination spot and step size. By enlarging both the spot and the step size, the technique can cover extended regions efficiently. X-ray fluorescence records the emitted spectra as the sample is scanned through the localized beam and its spatial resolution is limited by the spot and step size. The requisites for fast ptychography and high-resolution fluorescence appear incompatible. Here, a novel scheme that mitigates the difference in requirements is proposed. The method makes use of two probes of different sizes at the sample, generated by using two different energies for the probes and chromatic focusing optics. The different probe sizes allow to reduce the number of acquisition steps for the joint fluorescence–ptychography scan compared with a standard single beam scan, while imaging the same field of view. The new method is demonstrated experimentally using two undulator harmonics, a Fresnel zone plate and an energy discriminating photon counting detector.	Nov 2021
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Dynamic multicontrast X-ray imaging method applied to additive manufacturing Lorenzo Massimi , Samuel J. Clark , Sebastian Marussi , Adam Doherty , Joachim Schulz , Shashidhara Marathe , Christoph Rau , Marco Endrizzi , Peter D. Lee , Alessandro Olivo Physical Review Letters 127 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.215503 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23760] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We present a dynamic implementation of the beam-tracking x-ray imaging method providing absorption, phase, and ultrasmall angle scattering signals with microscopic resolution and high frame rate. We demonstrate the method’s ability to capture dynamic processes with 22-ms time resolution by investigating the melting of metals in laser additive manufacturing, which has so far been limited to single-modality synchrotron radiography. The simultaneous availability of three contrast channels enables earlier segmentation of droplets, tracking of powder dynamic, and estimation of unfused powder amounts, demonstrating that the method can provide additional information on melting processes.	Nov 2021
I13-1-Coherence I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging Data acquisition	Operando and high-throughput micro and nano-tomography Christoph Rau , Shashidhara Marathe , Andrew J. Bodey , Malte Storm , Darren Batey , Silvia Cipiccia , Peng Li , Ralf F. Ziesche , Mohamed Al-Hada , Sven L. M. Schroeder , Gunjan Das , Anjali Goswami SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2021 DOI: 10.1117/12.2598470 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We report about multiscale tomography with high throughput at the Diamond beamline I13L. The beamline has the purpose of multi-scale and operando imaging and consists of two independent branchlines operating in real and reciprocal space. The imaging branch -called Diamond-Manchester branchline- hosts micro-tomography, grating interferometry and a full-field microscope. For rapid recording a broad spectrum of the undulator radiation is used either with band-passing the light with a combination of a filter and a deflecting mirror or using a multilayer monochromator. For all the methods similar recording times can be achieved, with typical scanning times of some minutes and covering the resolution range from microns to the 100nm range. Most recently a robot arm has been installed to increase the throughput to 300 samples per day. The system is now implemented for user operation in remote operation mode for the micro-tomography setup and can be expanded to the two other experiments. The instrumental capabilities are applied on various topics such as the study of biodiversity of insects or the structural variations of electrode materials in batteries. Fast recording with dedicated sample environments (not using the sample changing robot) enables operando studies in many areas, the charging/discharging cycles on batteries, the degradation of teeth enamel under various conditions or loading brine sandstone mixtures with CO2, to name some examples. For imaging with highest spatial resolution we managed to improve significantly the recording speed of ptycho-tomography, which is now in the order of hours and will be reduced further. We demonstrated in the past 2-D recording with 10kHz and expand the instrumental capability with specific hardware dependent triggering and scanning schemes. We expand the research program for multi-scale imaging across both branchlines (imaging and coherence branchlines) with first studies such as batteries, brain research, concrete.	Oct 2021

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