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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	Solvent-mediated enhancement of additive-controlled crystallization Ouassef Nahi , Alexander N. Kulak , Alexander Broad , Yifei Xu , Cedrick O'Shaughnessy , Olivier J. Cayre , Sarah J. Day , Robert Darkins , Fiona C. Meldrum Crystal Growth & Design DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01002 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27557] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Soluble additives are widely used to control crystallization processes, modifying the morphologies, sizes, polymorphs, and physical properties of the product crystals. Here, a simple and versatile strategy is shown to significantly enhance the potency of soluble additives, ranging from ions and amino acids to large dye molecules, enabling them to be effective even at low concentrations. Addition of small amounts of miscible organic co-solvents to an aqueous crystallization solution can yield enhanced morphological changes and an order of magnitude increase of additive incorporation within single crystals─a level that cannot be achieved in pure aqueous solutions at any additive concentration. The generality of this strategy is demonstrated by application to crystals of calcium carbonate, manganese carbonate, and strontium sulfate, with a more pronounced effect observed for co-solvents with lower dielectric constants and polarities, indicating a general underlying mechanism that alters water activity. This work increases the understanding of additive/crystal interactions and may see great application in industrial-scale crystal synthesis.	Nov 2021
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	A facile method for generating worm-like micelles with controlled lengths and narrow polydispersity Ouassef Nahi , Olivier J. Cayre , Yi-Yeoun Kim , Andrew J. Smith , Nicholas J. Warren , Fiona C. Meldrum Chemical Communications 44 DOI: 10.1039/D0CC02313B Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: This work shows that highly uniform worm micelles formed by polymerisation induced self-assembly can be obtained via simple post-synthesis sonication. Importantly, this straightforward and versatile strategy yields exceptionally monodisperse worms with tunable aspect ratios ranging from 7.2 to 17.6 by simply changing the sonication time.	May 2020
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	Hydroxyl-rich macromolecules enable the bio-inspired synthesis of single crystal nanocomposites Yi-Yeoun Kim , Robert Darkins , Alexander Broad , Alexander N. Kulak , Mark A. Holden , Ouassef Nahi , Steven P. Armes , Chiu C. Tang , Rebecca F. Thompson , Frederic Marin , Dorothy M. Duffy , Fiona C. Meldrum Nature Communications 10 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13422-9 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Acidic macromolecules are traditionally considered key to calcium carbonate biomineralisation and have long been first choice in the bio-inspired synthesis of crystalline materials. Here, we challenge this view and demonstrate that low-charge macromolecules can vastly outperform their acidic counterparts in the synthesis of nanocomposites. Using gold nanoparticles functionalised with low charge, hydroxyl-rich proteins and homopolymers as growth additives, we show that extremely high concentrations of nanoparticles can be incorporated within calcite single crystals, while maintaining the continuity of the lattice and the original rhombohedral morphologies of the crystals. The nanoparticles are perfectly dispersed within the host crystal and at high concentrations are so closely apposed that they exhibit plasmon coupling and induce an unexpected contraction of the crystal lattice. The versatility of this strategy is then demonstrated by extension to alternative host crystals. This simple and scalable occlusion approach opens the door to a novel class of single crystal nanocomposites.	Dec 2019

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