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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism - scattering	Robust perpendicular skyrmions and their surface confinement Shilei Zhang , David M. Burn , Nicolas Jaouen , Jean-Yves Chauleau , Amir A. Haghighirad , Yizhou Liu , Weiwei Wang , Gerrit Van Der Laan , Thorsten Hesjedal Nano Letters DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05141 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17612] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Magnetic skyrmions are two-dimensional magnetization swirls that stack in the form of tubes in the third dimension and which are proposed as prospective information carriers for nonvolatile memory devices due to their unique topological properties. From resonant elastic X-ray scattering measurements on Cu2OSeO3 with an in-plane magnetic field, we find that a state of perpendicularly ordered skyrmions forms, in stark contrast to the well-studied bulk state. The surface state is stable over a wide temperature range, unlike the bulk state in out-of-plane fields which is confined to a narrow region of the temperature-field phase diagram. In contrast to ordinary skyrmions found in the bulk, the surface state skyrmions result from the presence of magnetic interactions unique to the surface which stabilize them against external perturbations. The surface guiding makes the robust state particular interesting for racetracklike devices, ultimately allowing for much higher storage densities due to the smaller lateral footprint of the perpendicular skyrmions.	Jan 2020
I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism - scattering	Field and temperature dependence of the skyrmion lattice phase in chiral magnet membranes David M. Burn , Shasha Wang , Weiwei Wang , Gerrit Van Der Laan , Shilei Zhang , Haifeng Du , Thorsten Hesjedal Physical Review B 101 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.014446 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20182, 20437] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Magnetic skyrmions are nanosized magnetization whirls that exhibit topological robustness and nontrivial magnetoelectrical properties, such as emergent electromagnetism and intriguing spin dynamics in the microwave-frequency region. In chiral magnets, skyrmions are usually found at a pocket in the phase diagram in the vicinity of the ordering temperature, wherein they order in the form of a hexagonal skyrmion lattice (SkL). It is generally believed that this equilibrium SkL phase is a uniform, long-range-ordered magnetic structure with a well-defined lattice constant. Here, using high-resolution small-angle resonant elastic x-ray scattering, we study the field and temperature dependence of the skyrmion lattice in FeGe and Cu 2 OSeO 3 membranes. Indeed, Cu 2 OSeO 3 shows the expected rigid skyrmion lattice, known from bulk samples, that is unaffected by tuning field and temperature within the phase pocket. In stark contrast, the lattice constant and skyrmion size in FeGe membranes undergo a continuous evolution within the skyrmion phase pocket, whereby the lattice constant changes by up to 15% and the magnetic scattering intensity varies significantly. Using micromagnetic modeling, it is found that for FeGe the competing energy terms contributing to the formation of the skyrmion lattice fully explain this breathing behavior. In contrast, for Cu 2 OSeO 3 this stabilizing energy balance is less affected by the smaller field variation across the skyrmion pocket, leading to the observed rigid lattice structure.	Jan 2020

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