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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
Krios I-Titan Krios I at Diamond	Molecular mechanisms of APC/C release from spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition by APC/C SUMOylation Stanislau Yatskevich , Jessie S. Kroonen , Claudio Alfieri , Thomas Tischer , Anna C. Howes , Linda Clijsters , Jing Yang , Ziguo Zhang , Kaige Yan , Alfred C. O. Vertegaal , David Barford Cell Reports 34 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108929 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13708] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle transitions. Its regulation by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is coordinated with the attachment of sister chromatids to the mitotic spindle. APC/C SUMOylation on APC4 ensures timely anaphase onset and chromosome segregation. To understand the structural and functional consequences of APC/C SUMOylation, we reconstituted SUMOylated APC/C for electron cryo-microscopy and biochemical analyses. SUMOylation of the APC/C causes a substantial rearrangement of the WHB domain of APC/C’s cullin subunit (APC2WHB). Although APC/CCdc20 SUMOylation results in a modest impact on normal APC/CCdc20 activity, repositioning APC2WHB reduces the affinity of APC/CCdc20 for the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), the effector of the SAC. This attenuates MCC-mediated suppression of APC/CCdc20 activity, allowing for more efficient ubiquitination of APC/CCdc20 substrates in the presence of the MCC. Thus, SUMOylation stimulates the reactivation of APC/CCdc20 when the SAC is silenced, contributing to timely anaphase onset.	Mar 2021
Krios I-Titan Krios I at Diamond Krios III-Titan Krios III at Diamond Krios V-Titan Krios V at Diamond	Structure of the inner kinetochore CCAN complex assembled onto a centromeric nucleosome Kaige Yan , Jing Yang , Ziguo Zhang , Stephen H. Mclaughlin , Leifu Chang , Domenico Fasci , Ann E. Ehrenhofer-Murray , Albert J. R. Heck , David Barford Nature 574, 278 - 282 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1609-1 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13262, 13708, 17434] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In eukaryotes, accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis maintains genome stability and prevents aneuploidy. Kinetochores are large protein complexes that, by assembling onto specialized Cenp-A nucleosomes1,2, function to connect centromeric chromatin to microtubules of the mitotic spindle3,4. Whereas the centromeres of vertebrate chromosomes comprise millions of DNA base pairs and attach to multiple microtubules, the simple point centromeres of budding yeast are connected to individual microtubules5,6. All 16 budding yeast chromosomes assemble complete kinetochores using a single Cenp-A nucleosome (Cenp-ANuc), each of which is perfectly centred on its cognate centromere7-9. The inner and outer kinetochore modules are responsible for interacting with centromeric chromatin and microtubules, respectively. Here we describe the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae inner kinetochore module, the constitutive centromere associated network (CCAN) complex, assembled onto a Cenp-A nucleosome (CCAN-Cenp-ANuc). The structure explains the interdependency of the constituent subcomplexes of CCAN and shows how the Y-shaped opening of CCAN accommodates Cenp-ANuc to enable specific CCAN subunits to contact the nucleosomal DNA and histone subunits. Interactions with the unwrapped DNA duplex at the two termini of Cenp-ANuc are mediated predominantly by a DNA-binding groove in the Cenp-L-Cenp-N subcomplex. Disruption of these interactions impairs assembly of CCAN onto Cenp-ANuc. Our data indicate a mechanism of Cenp-A nucleosome recognition by CCAN and how CCAN acts as a platform for assembly of the outer kinetochore to link centromeres to the mitotic spindle for chromosome segregation.	Oct 2019

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