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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy	Reclamation of available phosphorus and separation of heavy metals from sewage sludge via FeCl3-assisted electrokinetic treatment and pyrolysis Xutong Wang , Huwei Li , Junxia Wang , Wolfram Buss , Anna Bogush , Ondrej Masek , Youjun Zhang , Fan Yu , Beibei Yan , Zhanjun Cheng , Xiaoqiang Cui , Guanyi Chen , Konstantin Ignatyev Journal Of Environmental Management 387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125882 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [32515] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Recycling of sewage sludge and the endogenous phosphorus (P) is a promising strategy for sustainable development, while the disposal of heavy metals (HMs) in sewage sludge and the recovery of targeted P species remain challenges. An innovative method coupling electrokinetic treatment with pyrolysis was proposed in the present study to achieve the effective reclamation of available P and the separation of HMs from sewage sludge. The pristine and FeCl3-assisted electrokinetic treatment were employed for the removal of HMs from sewage sludge and to modify the P species, and the subsequent pyrolysis (300–700 °C) was conducted for the recovery of available P along with the production of biochar. The X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), 31P liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and sequential chemical extraction were used to systematically determine the evolution of P during the combined treatment of sewage sludge. 19.69–24.80 % of Ni, Cu, and Zn were removed from sewage sludge after pristine electrokinetic treatment, and the HM removal efficiency was further elevated to 47.01–56.86 % with the assistance of FeCl3. Consequently, in comparison with the raw sewage sludge-derived biochars (SBs), the biochars derived from FeCl3-assisted electrokinetic treated sewage sludge (FESBs) contained much lower HM contents and showed higher stability of HMs. The FeCl3-assisted electrokinetic treatment converted alkaline biochars dominated by poorly soluble Ca-phosphates into neutral to slightly acidic biochars dominated by Al/Fe-associated phosphates. This transformation greatly improved the available P concentrations determined by diffusive gradients in thin film in FESBs by 0.6–1.3 folds compared to untreated SBs. Therefore, coupling FeCl3–assisted electrokinetic treatment with pyrolysis could be a promising strategy to achieve the reclamation of available P and the separation of HMs from sewage sludge.	Jul 2025
B18-Core EXAFS	Speciation of toxic pollutants in Pb/Zn smelter slags by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in the context of the literature Dan Ting Chen , Amitava Roy , Yu Qian Li , Anna Bogush , Wing Yin Au , Julia A. Stegemann Journal Of Hazardous Materials 8 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132373 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [11156] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Pb/Zn smelter slag is a hazardous industrial waste from the Imperial Smelting Process (ISP). The speciation of zinc, lead, copper and arsenic in the slag controls their recovery or fate in the environment but has been little investigated. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) was applied to this complex poorly crystalline material for the first time to gain new insights about speciation of elements at low concentration. Zn, Cu, As K-edge and Pb L3-edge XAS was carried out for a Pb/Zn slag from a closed ISP facility in England, supported by Fe, S and P K-edge XAS. Results are presented in the context of a full review of the literature. X-ray fluorescence showed that concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and As were 8.4, 1.6, 0.48 and 0.45 wt.%, respectively. Wüstite (FeO) was the only crystalline phase identified by X-ray diffraction, but XAS provided a more complete understanding of the matrix. Zn was found to be mainly present in glass, ZnS, and possibly solid solutions with Fe oxides; Pb was mainly present in glass and apatite minerals (e.g., Pb5(PO4)3OH); Cu was mainly speciated as Cu2S, with some metallic Cu and a weathering product, Cu(OH)2; As speciation was likely dominated by arsenic (III) and (V) oxides and sulfides.	Aug 2023
I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy	Unlocking the fertiliser potential of waste-derived biochar Wolfram Buss , Anna Bogush , Konstantin Ignatyev , Ondrej Masek Acs Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04336 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23210] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Mankind is facing a phosphorus (P) crisis. P recycling from anthropogenic waste is critical to close the P loop. Pyrolysis could be the ideal treatment for materials, such as sewage sludge, producing a safe, nutrient-rich biochar product while sequestering the inherent carbon (C). However, pyrolysed sewage sludge typically contains low levels of potassium (K) and plant available P making the material rather unsuitable for use as fertiliser. Here, a novel treatment was investigated to produce an optimised P and K biochar fertiliser. We doped sewage sludge with a low-cost mineral (2 and 5% potassium acetate) and pyrolysed it at 700°C. The percentage water-extractable of the total P content in biochar increased by 237-times with 5% K addition compared to the undoped biochar. After six water-extractions, all the K and 16% of P was obtained. Further optimisation is feasible through adjustments of the biochar pH or doping the feedstock with other forms of K. Using XANES and synchrotron XRF mapping, we identified highly soluble potassium hydrogen phosphate up to 200-300 µm below the biochar surface. This simple and cost-effective modification enables the use of sewage sludge as safe biochar fertiliser with tailored P availability that also supplies K, improves soil properties and sequesters C.	Jul 2020

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