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14,995 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I06-Nanoscience (XPEEM)	The Co2＋-Ir5＋ orbital hybridization in LaCaCoIrO6 double perovskite L. Bufaiçal , L. S. I. Veiga , J. R. L. Mardegan , T. Pohlmann , S. Francoual , M. B. Fontes , E. M. Bittar , S. S. Dhesi Journal Of Magnetism And Magnetic Materials 587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171276 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [29620] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Here, we report on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a polycrystalline sample of the LaCaCoIrO double-perovskite investigated by means of synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Co and Ir edges, magnetometry, and electrical transport. Our results indicate a configuration of nearly Co/Ir configuration for the transition-metal ions, with spin canting within the Co antiferromagnetic superstructure responsible for the ferromagnetic-like behavior observed below 100 K. The highly insulating character of LaCaCoIrO and its positive magnetoresistance further suggest that this antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction occurs through an indirect hybridization between the Co orbitals.	Dec 2023
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	Phases study for AgNb(Ta,W)O3 lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics Zhilun Lu , Yubo Zhu , Dongyang Sun , Bowen Wang , Dawei Wang , Sarah Day , Ge Wang Results In Engineering 20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101447 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27232] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Uncovering lead-free materials with an exceptionally high recoverable energy density is vital for the creation of future pulse power capacitors. This study determined that introducing Tungsten (W) and Tantalum (Ta) into the Nb-site of AgNbO3 lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics, while offsetting this with vacancies at the Ag-site, can effectively maintain the electrical homogeneity. Additionally, employing this co-doping approach can secure the antiferroelectric phases by lowering the necessary temperatures for M1-M2 and M2-M3 phase transitions. This may prove advantageous in the creation of novel AgNbO3-based energy storage ceramics. The use of in-situ high-resolution synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction (SPXD) at varying temperatures revealed for the first time that in 10 at% W doped AgNbO3, the M1 and M2 phases in the temperature range of −193 to ∼150 °C are more appropriately fitted as the non-polar Pbcm space group, whereas the M3 phase aligns with the mixed of non-polar Pbcm and polar Pmc21 space groups.	Dec 2023
B21-High Throughput SAXS	Effect of steam sterilisation on physico-chemical properties of antibacterial covalently cross-linked ε-polylysine/hyaluronic acid hydrogels Artemijs Sceglovs , Jacek K. Wychowaniec , Ingus Skadins , Aigars Reinis , Charlotte Edwards-Gayle , Matteo D'Este , Kristine Salma-Ancane Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies And Applications 6 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100363 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [29767] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Sterilisation of implantable biomaterials such as hydrogels remains a key step towards their clinical translation. Standard sterilisation methods can significantly alter hydrogels' physicochemical and biological performance. Previously, we developed composite hydrogels based on ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The developed hydrogels demonstrated promising antibacterial activity and in vitro cell viability and their variable properties depending on the chosen ε-PL to HA ratio. In this study, we fabricated a series of chemically cross-linked ԑ-PL/HA hydrogels with expanded ԑ-PL to HA mass ratios. Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we unravelled the topological differences between physically and chemically crosslinked hydrogels. We then selected the chemically crosslinked hydrogel ԑ-PL/HA series of 60:40 wt%, 70:30 wt%, and 80:20 wt% ratios, with similar network topologies, to evaluate the impact of steam sterilisation on their physicochemical and viscoelastic properties. The antibacterial activity of the sterilized hydrogels was also evaluated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Our results showed that steam sterilisation minimally affects structure and physicochemical properties of ԑ-PL/HA hydrogels. Furthermore, the developed hydrogel ԑ-PL/HA series of 60:40 wt%, 70:30 wt%, and 80:20 wt% ratios showed pronounced antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. We expect our results will contribute to the growing understanding of using sterilisation methods for antibacterial hydrogels that have the potential for wider tissue engineering applications.	Dec 2023
I15-Extreme Conditions	In situ SR-XRD analysis of corrosion product formation during ‘pseudo-passivation’ of carbon steel in CO2-containing aqueous environments Joshua Owen , Danny Burkle , Gaurav R. Joshi , Edoardo Basilico , Jean Kittel , Francois Ropital , Sabrina Marcelin , Annette Kleppe , Richard C. Woollam , Richard Barker Corrosion Science 225 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111598 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12481] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In situ Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction (SR-XRD) is employed to follow the evolution of corrosion products on X65 carbon steel in a CO2-containing aqueous environment (80 °C, pH 6.3–7.3). A custom-designed flow cell is used to follow the real-time concomitant changes in electrochemical behaviour and corrosion product growth during stages of both natural and potentiodynamically driven ‘pseudo-passivation’. We show that no deteca crystalline magnetite (Fe3O4) phase forms during ‘pseudo-passivation’ across all conditions studied. Furthermore, the results suggest the significant ennoblement observed during ‘pseudo-passivation’ in these experiments can be strongly related to the accumulation of iron carbonate (FeCO3) on the steel surface.	Dec 2023
Detectors	Cs2ZrCl6 scintillation properties studied using γ-ray spectroscopy and Compton coincidence technique L. Swiderski , K. Brylew , L. Janiak , Z. Mianowska , M. Moszyński , V. Mykhaylyk , S. S. Nagorny , V. V. Nahorna , P. Wang Nuclear Instruments And Methods In Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors And Associated Equipment 1057 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2023.168735 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The scintillation properties of cesium-zirconium hexachloride (Cs2ZrCl6) were investigated by γ-ray spectrometry and the Compton Coincidence Technique. The tested cylindrical sample had 20 mm diameter and 12 mm height. The crystal shows a high light output of 40 900 photons per MeV as measured by a spectroscopy type photomultiplier with 20 μs pulse integration time under γ-ray excitation at room temperature. A small deviation from linear response as a function of energy deposited in γ-ray absorption or Compton scattering processes, combined with a high light yield, results in good energy resolution equal to 4.3 % at 662 keV and 2.3 % at 2.6 MeV. Due to long lasting scintillation decay the sample properties were studied at different shaping time constants in an analogue spectroscopy chain or using different integration time gates when employing a digital analyzer.	Dec 2023
I03-Macromolecular Crystallography	β-L-Arabinofurano-cyclitol aziridines are covalent broad-spectrum inhibitors and activity-based probes for retaining β-L-arabinofuranosidases Valentina Borlandelli , Wendy Offen , Olga Moroz , Alba Nin-Hill , Nicholas Mcgregor , Lars Binkhorst , Akihiro Ishiwata , Zachary Armstrong , Marta Artola , Carme Rovira , Gideon J. Davies , Herman S. Overkleeft Acs Chemical Biology DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00558 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [24948] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: GH127 and GH146 microorganismal retaining β-l-arabinofuranosidases, expressed by human gut microbiomes, feature an atypical catalytic domain and an unusual mechanism of action. We recently reported that both Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron BtGH146 and Bifidobacterium longum HypBA1 are inhibited by β-l-arabinofuranosyl cyclophellitol epoxide, supporting the action of a zinc-coordinated cysteine as a catalytic nucleophile, where in most retaining GH families, an aspartate or glutamate is employed. This work presents a panel of β-l-arabinofuranosyl cyclophellitol epoxides and aziridines as mechanism-based BtGH146/HypBA1 inhibitors and activity-based probes. The β-l-arabinofuranosyl cyclophellitol aziridines both inhibit and label β-l-arabinofuranosidase efficiently (however with different activities), whereas the epoxide-derived probes favor BtGH146 over HypBA1. These findings are accompanied by X-ray structural analysis of the unmodified β-l-arabinofuranosyl cyclophellitol aziridine in complex with both isozymes, which were shown to react by nucleophilic opening of the aziridine, at the pseudoanomeric carbon, by the active site cysteine nucleophile to form a stable thioether bond. Altogether, our activity-based probes may serve as chemical tools for the detection and identification of low-abundance β-l-arabinofuranosidases in complex biological samples.	Dec 2023
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Synchrotron x‐ray diffraction for sealed Mars Sample Return sample tubes L. F. Adam , J. C. Bridges , C. C. Bedford , J. M. C. Holt , E. Rampe , M. Thorpe , K. Mason , R. C. Ewing Meteoritics & Planetary Science 2678 DOI: 10.1111/maps.14105 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [30591] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The joint NASA-ESA Mars sample return campaign aims to return up to 31 sample tubes containing drilled sedimentary and igneous cores and regolith. The titanium alloy tubes will initially still be sealed when they are retrieved. Several types of measurement will be carried out on sealed samples in the pre-basic characterization phase of scientific investigation. We show that powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis can be successfully carried out on sealed samples using an x-ray source at the I12 beamline of Diamond Light Source synchrotron. Our experiment used an analog sample tube and a Martian regolith analog (Icelandic basaltic sand). The titanium walls of the tube analog give strong but few diffraction peaks, making identification of the major constituent mineral phases feasible. A more significant constraint on quantification of mineral phase abundances by this XRD technique is likely to be the grain size of the sample. This technique opens up the possibility of initial mineralogical analysis of samples returned from Jezero crater without opening the sample tubes and the potential changes to the sample that entails.	Dec 2023
	Revealing the origins of vortex cavitation in a Venturi tube by high speed X-ray imaging Hitoshi Soyama , Xiaoyu Liang , Wataru Yashiro , Kentaro Kajiwara , Eleni Myrto Asimakopoulou , Valerio Bellucci , Sarlota Birnsteinova , Gabriele Giovanetti , Chan Kim , Henry J. Kirkwood , Jayanath C. P. Koliyadu , Romain Letrun , Yuhe Zhang , Jozef Ulicny , Richard Bean , Adrian P. Mancuso , Pablo Villanueva-Perez , Tokushi Sato , Patrik Vagovic , Daniel Eakins , Alexander M. Korsunsky Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106715 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Hydrodynamic cavitation is useful in many processing applications, for example, in chemical reactors, water treatment and biochemical engineering. An important type of hydrodynamic cavitation that occurs in a Venturi tube is vortex cavitation known to cause luminescence whose intensity is closely related to the size and number of cavitation events. However, the mechanistic origins of bubbles constituting vortex cavitation remains unclear, although it has been concluded that the pressure fields generated by the cavitation collapse strongly depends on the bubble geometry. The common view is that vortex cavitation consists of numerous small spherical bubbles. In the present paper, aspects of vortex cavitation arising in a Venturi tube were visualized using high-speed X-ray imaging at SPring-8 and European XFEL. It was discovered that vortex cavitation in a Venturi tube consisted of angulated rather than spherical bubbles. The tangential velocity of the surface of vortex cavitation was assessed considering the Rankine vortex model.	Dec 2023
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Is stress relaxation in sea cucumber dermis chemoelastic? Ettore Barbieri , Himadri Shikhar Gupta Marine Drugs 21 DOI: 10.3390/md21120610 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [14126] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Echinoderms, such as sea cucumbers, have the remarkable property of changing the stiffness of their dermis according to the surrounding chemical environments. When sea cucumber dermal specimens are constantly strained, stress decays exponentially with time. Such stress relaxation is a hallmark of visco-elastic mechanical behavior. In this paper, in contrast, we attempted to interpret stress relaxation from the chemoelasticity viewpoint. We used a finite element model for the microstructure of the sea cucumber dermis. We varied stiffness over time and framed such changes against the first-order reactions of the interfibrillar matrix. Within this hypothetical scenario, we found that stress relaxation would then occur primarily due to fast crosslink splitting between the chains and a much slower macro-chain scission, with characteristic reaction times compatible with relaxation times measured experimentally. A byproduct of the model is that the concentration of undamaged macro-chains in the softened state is low, less than 10% , which tallies with physical intuition. Although this study is far from being conclusive, we believe it opens an alternative route worthy of further investigation.	Dec 2023
B21-High Throughput SAXS Krios III-Titan Krios III at Diamond	Structural and functional insights into the delivery of a bacterial Rhs pore-forming toxin to the membrane Amaia González-Magaña , Igor Tascon , Jon Altuna-Alvarez , María Queralt-Martín , Jake Colautti , Carmen Velázquez , Maialen Zabala , Jessica Rojas-Palomino , Marité Cárdenas , Antonio Alcaraz , John C. Whitney , Iban Ubarretxena-Belandia , David Albesa-Jove Nature Communications 14 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43585-5 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23872, 28248] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Bacterial competition is a significant driver of toxin polymorphism, which allows continual compensatory evolution between toxins and the resistance developed to overcome their activity. Bacterial Rearrangement hot spot (Rhs) proteins represent a widespread example of toxin polymorphism. Here, we present the 2.45 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of Tse5, an Rhs protein central to Pseudomonas aeruginosa type VI secretion system-mediated bacterial competition. This structural insight, coupled with an extensive array of biophysical and genetic investigations, unravels the multifaceted functional mechanisms of Tse5. The data suggest that interfacial Tse5-membrane binding delivers its encapsulated pore-forming toxin fragment to the target bacterial membrane, where it assembles pores that cause cell depolarisation and, ultimately, bacterial death.	Dec 2023

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