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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	A structural study of the self-association of different starches in presence of bacterial cellulose fibrils P. Díaz-Calderón , E. Simone , A. I. I. Tyler , J. Enrione , T. Foster Carbohydrate Polymers 288 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119361 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22659] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A multi-analytical study was performed to analyse the effect of bacterial cellulose (BCF) on the self-association of starches with different amylose content (wheat, waxy-maize), assessing macrostructural properties (rheology, gel strength) and some nano and sub-nano level features (small and wide-angle X-ray scattering). Although pasting viscosities and G′ were significantly increased by BCF in both starches, cellulose did not seem to promote the self-association of amylose in short-range retrogradation. A less elastic structure was reflected by a 2–3-fold increase in loss factor (G″/G′) at the highest BCF concentration tested. This behavior agreed with the nano and sub-nano characterisation of the samples, which showed loss of starch lamellarity and incomplete full recovery of an ordered structure after storage at 4 °C for 24 h. The gel strength data could be explained by the contribution of BCF to the mechanical response of the sample. The information gained in this work is relevant for tuning the structure of tailored starch-cellulose composites.	Jul 2022
B21-High Throughput SAXS	Colloidal features of softwood galactoglucomannans-rich extract Mamata Bhattarai , Irina Sulaeva , Leena Pitkänen , Inkeri Kontro , Maija Tenkanen , Antje Potthast , Kirsi S. Mikkonen Carbohydrate Polymers DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116368 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Development of a sustainable bioeconomy requires valorization of renewable resources, such as wood hemicelluloses. The intra- and inter-molecular associations of hemicelluloses within themselves or with other wood components can result in complex macromolecular features. These features exhibit functionality as hydrocolloids, however macromolecular characterization of these heterogeneous materials are challenging using conventional techniques such as size-exclusion chromatography. We studied galactoglucomannans (GGM) -rich softwood extracts at two grades of purity—as crude extract and after ethanol-precipitation. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) was optimized and utilized to fractionate size classes in GGM extracts, and subsequent characterization was performed with light scattering and microscopy techniques. Both GGM extracts contained polysaccharides of around 10,000 g/mol molar mass, and colloidal assemblies and/or particles in sub-micron size range. The optimized AF4 method facilitates the characterization of complex biomass-derived carbohydrates without pre-fractionation, and provides valuable understanding of their unique macromolecular features for their future application in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.	Apr 2020
B23-Circular Dichroism	Heparin derivatives for the targeting of multiple activities in the inflammatory response Noemi Veraldi , Ashley J. Hughes , Timothy R. Rudd , Huw B. Thomas , Steven W. Edwards , Lynsay Hadfield , Mark A. Skidmore , Giuliano Siligardi , Cesare Cosentino , Janis K. Shute , Annamaria Naggi , Edwin A. Yates Carbohydrate Polymers 117, 400 - 407 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.079 PMID: 25498652 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [8027] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: An attractive strategy for ameliorating symptoms arising from the multi-faceted processes of excessive and/or continual inflammation would be to identify compounds able to interfere with multiple effectors of inflammation. The well-tolerated pharmaceutical, heparin, is capable of acting through several proteins in the inflammatory cascade, but its use is prevented by strong anticoagulant activity. Derivatives of heparin involving the periodate cleavage of 2,3 vicinal diols in non-sulfated uronate residues (glycol- split) and replacement of N-sulphamido- with N-acetamido- groups in glucosamine residues, capable of inhibiting neutrophil elastase activity in vitro, while exhibiting attenuated anticoagulant properties, have been identified and characterised. These also interact with two other important modulators of the inflammatory response, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. It is therefore feasible in principle to modulate several activities, while minimising anticoagulant side effects, providing a platform from which improved anti- inflammatory agents might be developed.	Oct 2014
	A non-hemorrhagic hybrid heparin/heparan sulfate with anticoagulant potential Adriana S. Brito , Rômulo S. Cavalcante , Lais C G F Palhares , Ashley J. Hughes , Giulianna P V Andrade , Edwin A. Yates , Helena B. Nader , Marcelo Lima , Suely F. Chavante Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 372 - 378 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.063 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The structural characterization and the anticoagulant potential of a novel heparin/heparan sulfate-like compound from the heads of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp are described. While it is distinct from either heparin or heparan sulfate, enzymatic depolymerization and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses revealed that this molecule does share some structural features with heparin, such as the high degree of N- and 6-O-sulfation and minor N-acetylation, and with heparan sulfate, in the glucuronic acid content. Its ability to stabilize human antithrombin explains its significant anticoagulant activity in aPTT and Factor-Xa inhibition assays. Interestingly, in contrast to mammalian heparin, the shrimp compound displayed negligible hemorrhagic effect. Together, these findings have particular interest since they reveal a novel molecule with significant anti-Xa activity coupled with low bleeding effects which make the shrimp heparin/HS-like compound a potential alternative for mammalian heparin.	Jan 2014

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