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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy	Deep anoxic aquifers could act as sinks for uranium through microbial-assisted mineral trapping Ivan N. Pidchenko , John N. Christensen , Martin Kutzschbach , Konstantin Ignatyev , Ignasi Puigdomenech , Eva-Lena Tullborg , Nick M. W. Roberts , E. Troy Rasbury , Paul Northrup , Ryan Tappero , Kristina O. Kvashnina , Thorsten Schäfer , Yohey Suzuki , Henrik Drake Communications Earth & Environment 4 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00767-9 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [28254] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Uptake of uranium (U) by secondary minerals, such as carbonates and iron (Fe)-sulfides, that occur ubiquitously on Earth, may be substantial in deep anoxic environments compared to surficial settings due to different environment-specific conditions. Yet, knowledge of U reductive removal pathways and related fractionation between 238U and 235U isotopes in deep anoxic groundwater systems remain elusive. Here we show bacteria-driven degradation of organic constituents that influences formation of sulfidic species facilitating reduction of geochemically mobile U(VI) with subsequent trapping of U(IV) by calcite and Fe-sulfides. The isotopic signatures recorded for U and Ca in fracture water and calcite samples provide additional insights on U(VI) reduction behaviour and calcite growth rate. The removal efficiency of U from groundwater reaching 75% in borehole sections in fractured granite, and selective U accumulation in secondary minerals in exceedingly U-deficient groundwater shows the potential of these widespread mineralogical sinks for U in deep anoxic environments.	Apr 2023
I08-Scanning X-ray Microscopy beamline (SXM)	Carboxyl-richness controls organic carbon preservation during coprecipitation with iron (oxyhydr)oxides in the natural environment Lisa Curti , Oliver W. Moore , Peyman Babakhani , Ke-Qing Xiao , Clare Woulds , Andrew W. Bray , Ben J. Fisher , Majid Kazemian , Burkhard Kaulich , Caroline L. Peacock Communications Earth & Environment 2 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-021-00301-9 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [21323, 20839, 23049] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The coprecipitation of organic carbon with iron minerals is important for its preservation in soils and sediments, but the mechanisms for carbon-iron interactions and thus the controls on organic carbon cycling are far from understood. Here we coprecipitate carboxylic acids with iron (oxyhydr)oxide ferrihydrite and use near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and wet chemical treatments to determine the relationship between sequestration mechanism and organic carbon stability against its release and chemical oxidative remineralisation. We show that organic carbon sequestration, stabilisation and persistence increase with an increasing number of carboxyl functional groups. We suggest that carboxyl-richness provides an important control on organic carbon preservation in the natural environment. Our work offers a mechanistic basis for understanding the stability and persistence of organic carbon in soils and sediments, which might be used to develop an overarching relationship between organic functional group-richness, mineral interactions and organic carbon preservation in the Earth system.	Nov 2021

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