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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing I15-1-X-ray Pair Distribution Function (XPDF)	Direct synthesis of a solid calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) Riccardo Maddalena , Kefei Li , Philip A. Chater , Stefan Michalik , Andrea Hamilton Construction And Building Materials 223, 554 - 565 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.024 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12533] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We present new results on solid (monolithic) synthetic C-S-H made at room temperature from easily obtainable calcium sources (calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide) and nanosilica (w/s = 2) with a 2 minute mixing time. Using synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with TGA/DSC, 29Si NMR and synchrotron pair distribution function (PDF) data we show that the solid C-S-H is crystallographically similar to the more conventionally made synthetic C-S-H slurry. We show that C-S-H is present after 1 day curing (C/S = 0.81) and no X-ray visible portlandite is present at day 3. PDF data shows that the ordered domain size is 2.5 – 4.5 nm, depending on the fit chosen.	Oct 2019
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Monitoring the degradation of nuclear waste packages induced by interior metallic corrosion using synchrotron X-ray tomography C. Paraskevoulakos , C. A. Stitt , K. R. Hallam , A. Banos , M. Leal Olloqui , C. P. Jones , G. Griffiths , A. M. Adamska , J. Jowsey , T. B. Scott Construction And Building Materials 215, 90 - 103 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.178 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13941] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Within the British nuclear inventory, waste is classified into three main categories, including Intermediate Level Waste (ILW). ILW mainly consists of fuel casing metallic swarf, where parts of uranium metal are also expected to have been agglomerated. ILW treatment route includes the material storage in stainless steel drums and subsequent grout encapsulation. The solidified matrix is believed to maintain the radioactive waste fully confined and immobile. Recent inspections revealed mechanical distortion around the steel liner in a proportion of the inspected drums. The distortion has been ascribed to the corrosion of the encapsulated metallic parts. The generated corrosion products occupy greater volume than the parent metal, resulting in an internal volume expansion which imposes stress/strain on the encapsulants. This study attempts to correlate the level of internal corrosion with the magnitude of package degradation in ILW drum–simulant systems by favouring the use of powerful synchrotron X-rays.	Aug 2019

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