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published in journal 'Journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials'

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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	The influence of structure and morphology on ion permeation in commercial silicone hydrogel contact lenses Virginia Saez‐martinez , Aisling Mann , Fiona Lydon , Frank Molock , Siân A. Layton , Daniel T. W. Toolan , Jonathan R. Howse , Paul D. Topham , Brian J. Tighe Journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 18 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34689 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13002] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The importance of the microstzructure of silicone hydrogels is widely appreciated but is poorly understood and minimally investigated. To ensure comfort and eye health, these materials must simultaneously exhibit both high oxygen and high water permeability. In contrast with most conventional hydrogels, the water content and water structuring within silicone hydrogels cannot be solely used to predict permeability. The materials achieve these opposing requirements based on a composite of nanoscale domains of oxygen‐permeable (silicone) and water‐permeable hydrophilic components. This study correlated characteristic ion permeation coefficients of a selection of commercially available silicone hydrogel contact lenses with their morphological structure and chemical composition. Differential scanning calorimetry measured the water structuring properties through subdivision of the freezing water component into polymer‐associated water (loosely bound to the polymer matrix) and ice‐like water (unimpeded with a melting point close to that of pure water). Small‐angle x‐ray scattering, and environmental scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to investigate the structural morphology of the materials over a range of length scales. Significant, and previously unrecognized, differences in morphology between individual materials at nanometer length scales were determined; this will aid the design and performance of the next generation of ocular biomaterials, capable of maintaining ocular homeostasis.	Jul 2020
I08-Scanning X-ray Microscopy beamline (SXM)	A comparative study on the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles released in vivo from CoCrMo tapers and cement–stem interfaces of total hip replacements Alina M. Crainic , Mauro Callisti , Arjen Van Veelen , Agnes Michalik , James A. Milton , Martin R. Palmer , Richard B. Cook Journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 41 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34667 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17801, 17203] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the bulk CoCrMo alloy has resulted in it being used in the manufacture of implants and load bearing medical devices. These devices, however, can release wear and corrosion products which differ from the composition of the bulk CoCrMo alloy. The physicochemical characteristics of the particles and the associated in vivo reactivity are dictated by the wear mechanisms and electrochemical conditions at the sites of material loss. Debris released from CoCrMo hip bearings, taper junctions, or cement–stem interfaces can, therefore, have different chemical and morphological characteristics, which provide them with different in vivo toxicities. Here, we propose to assess and compare the characteristics of the particles released in vivo from CoCrMo tapers and cement–stem interfaces which have received less attention compared to debris originating from the hip bearings. The study uses state‐of‐art characterization techniques to provide a detailed understanding of the size, morphology, composition, and chemistry of the particles liberated from the wear and corrosion flakes from revised hip replacements, with an enzymatic treatment. The phase analyses identified Cr2O3 nanoparticles released from tapers and cement–stem interfaces, whose composition did not vary with origin or particle morphology. The size distributions showed significantly smaller particles were released from the stems, compared to the particles originating from the corresponding tapers. The investigation demonstrates that the tribocorrosive processes occurring at the taper and stem interfaces both result in Cr2O3 nanoparticle formation.	Jun 2020

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