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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I08-Scanning X-ray Microscopy beamline (SXM)	Investigation of the foil structure and corrosion mechanisms of modern Zwischgold using advanced analysis techniques Qing Wu , Karolina Soppa , Nadim Scherrer , Benjamin Watts , Tadahiro Yokosawa , Laetitia Bernard , Tohru Araki , Max Döbeli , Markus Meyer , Erdmann Spiecker , Rainer H. Fink Journal Of Cultural Heritage DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2017.12.005 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [15595] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Zwischgold is a two-sided metal foil made by adhering a gold leaf over a silver leaf to present a gold surface while using less gold than gold foils. Corroded Zwischgold surfaces appear dark, accompanied by gloss loss and possible mechanical stability issues. Zwischgold applied artefacts are commonly found in museums and churches across Europe and they currently face an uncertain future as conservators have little knowledge to base conservation treatments on. We present a comprehensive material analysis of Zwischgold models through advanced characterization techniques including focused ion beam coupled with scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Complementary information on the foil thickness,sharpness of the gold-silver interface, gold purity, and the formation as well as distribution of corrosion products on Zwischgold models have been obtained, representing a starting point for understanding themorphology and the long-term chemistry of Zwischgold artefacts.	Jan 2018
B18-Core EXAFS	Strontium carbonate nanoparticles for the surface treatment of problematic sulfur and iron in waterlogged archaeological wood Eleanor Schofield , Ritimukta Sarangi , Apurva Mehta , Mark Jones , Andrew Smith , Fred Mosselmans , Alan Chadwick Journal Of Cultural Heritage DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2015.07.013 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [6437] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Stabilising waterlogged archaeological wooden artefacts for display presents a challenge for conservators and scientists. Sulfur compounds, incorporated into the wood prior to excavation, can lead to acid formation when exposed to oxygen, and in the presence of iron ions. Strontium carbonate nanoparticles have recently been shown to reduce the production of acid formation at the root by reacting with inorganic sulfur-containing compounds. Here, we show the feasibility of using this treatment on small samples where consolidating treatments have already been performed. It is found that PEG 200 does not prevent the reactivity of the nanoparticles with the sulfur compounds present in the artefacts. A surface brushing application method was found to be successful whilst retaining the visual integrity. In addition, it was found that this technique results in the leaching of iron from the surface layers, preventing future build up of acid catalysed by iron compounds.	Aug 2015

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