Detectors
|
J.
Correa
,
M.
Mehrjoo
,
R.
Battistelli
,
F.
Lehmkühler
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
T.
Hirono
,
V.
Felk
,
F.
Krivan
,
S.
Lange
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
V.
Vardanyan
,
M.
Zimmer
,
M.
Hoesch
,
K.
Bagschik
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
G.
Cautero
,
L.
Stebel
,
D.
Giuressi
,
R. H.
Menk
,
A.
Greer
,
T.
Nicholls
,
W.
Nichols
,
U.
Pedersen
,
P.
Shikhaliev
,
N.
Tartoni
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
S. H.
Kim
,
S. Y.
Park
,
K. S.
Kim
,
F.
Orsini
,
F. J.
Iguaz
,
F.
Büttner
,
B.
Pfau
,
E.
Plönjes
,
K.
Kharitonov
,
M.
Ruiz-Lopez
,
R.
Pan
,
S.
Gang
,
B.
Keitel
,
H.
Graafsma
Open Access
Abstract: The PERCIVAL detector is a CMOS imager designed for the soft X-ray regime at photon sources. Although still in its final development phase, it has recently seen its first user experiments: ptychography at a free-electron laser, holographic imaging at a storage ring and preliminary tests on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The detector performed remarkably well in terms of spatial resolution achievable in the sample plane, owing to its small pixel size, large active area and very large dynamic range; but also in terms of its frame rate, which is significantly faster than traditional CCDs. In particular, it is the combination of these features which makes PERCIVAL an attractive option for soft X-ray science.
|
Jan 2023
|
|
I14-Hard X-ray Nanoprobe
|
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[28142]
Open Access
Abstract: The interaction of a focused X-ray beam with a sample in a scanning probe experiment can provide a variety of information about the interaction volume. In many scanning probe experiments X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is supplemented with measurements of the transmitted or scattered intensity using a pixelated detector. The automated extraction of different signals from an area pixelated detector is described, in particular the methodology for extracting differential phase contrast (DPC) is demonstrated and different processing methods are compared across a range of samples. The phase shift of the transmitted X-ray beam by the sample, extracted from DPC, is also compared with ptychography measurements to provide a qualitative and quantitative comparison. While ptychography produces a superior image, DPC can offer a simple, flexible method for phase contrast imaging which can provide fast results and feedback during an experiment; furthermore, for many science problems, such as registration of XRF in a lighter matrix, DPC can provide sufficient information to meet the experimental aims. As the DPC technique is a quantitative measurement, it can be expanded to spectroscopic studies and a demonstration of DPC for spectro-microscopy measurements is presented. Where ptychography can separate the absorption and phase shifts by the sample, quantitative interpretation of a DPC image or spectro-microscopy signal can only be performed directly when absorption is negligible or where the absorption contribution is known and the contributions can be fitted.
|
Dec 2022
|
|
|
|
Nanna
Zhou Hagström
,
Michael
Schneider
,
Nico
Kerber
,
Alexander
Yaroslavtsev
,
Erick
Burgos Parra
,
Marijan
Beg
,
Martin
Lang
,
Christian M.
Günther
,
Boris
Seng
,
Fabian
Kammerbauer
,
Horia
Popescu
,
Matteo
Pancaldi
,
Kumar
Neeraj
,
Debanjan
Polley
,
Rahul
Jangid
,
Stjepan B.
Hrkac
,
Sheena K. K.
Patel
,
Sergei
Ovcharenko
,
Diego
Turenne
,
Dmitriy
Ksenzov
,
Christine
Boeglin
,
Marina
Baidakova
,
Clemens
Von Korff Schmising
,
Martin
Borchert
,
Boris
Vodungbo
,
Kai
Chen
,
Chen
Luo
,
Florin
Radu
,
Leonard
Müller
,
Miriam
Martínez Flórez
,
André
Philippi-Kobs
,
Matthias
Riepp
,
Wojciech
Roseker
,
Gerhard
Grübel
,
Robert
Carley
,
Justine
Schlappa
,
Benjamin E.
Van Kuiken
,
Rafael
Gort
,
Laurent
Mercadier
,
Naman
Agarwal
,
Loïc
Le Guyader
,
Giuseppe
Mercurio
,
Martin
Teichmann
,
Jan Torben
Delitz
,
Alexander
Reich
,
Carsten
Broers
,
David
Hickin
,
Carsten
Deiter
,
James
Moore
,
Dimitrios
Rompotis
,
Jinxiong
Wang
,
Daniel
Kane
,
Sandhya
Venkatesan
,
Joachim
Meier
,
Florent
Pallas
,
Tomasz
Jezynski
,
Maximilian
Lederer
,
Djelloul
Boukhelef
,
Janusz
Szuba
,
Krzysztof
Wrona
,
Steffen
Hauf
,
Jun
Zhu
,
Martin
Bergemann
,
Ebad
Kamil
,
Thomas
Kluyver
,
Robert
Rosca
,
Michał
Spirzewski
,
Markus
Kuster
,
Monica
Turcato
,
David
Lomidze
,
Andrey
Samartsev
,
Jan
Engelke
,
Matteo
Porro
,
Stefano
Maffessanti
,
Karsten
Hansen
,
Florian
Erdinger
,
Peter
Fischer
,
Carlo
Fiorini
,
Andrea
Castoldi
,
Massimo
Manghisoni
,
Cornelia Beatrix
Wunderer
,
Eric E.
Fullerton
,
Oleg G.
Shpyrko
,
Christian
Gutt
,
Cecilia
Sanchez-Hanke
,
Hermann A.
Dürr
,
Ezio
Iacocca
,
Hans T.
Nembach
,
Mark W.
Keller
,
Justin M.
Shaw
,
Thomas J.
Silva
,
Roopali
Kukreja
,
Hans
Fangohr
,
Stefan
Eisebitt
,
Mathias
Kläui
,
Nicolas
Jaouen
,
Andreas
Scherz
,
Stefano
Bonetti
,
Emmanuelle
Jal
Open Access
Abstract: The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
|
Nov 2022
|
|
B16-Test Beamline
Metrology
Optics
|
Open Access
Abstract: Speckle-based at-wavelength metrology techniques now play an important role in X-ray wavefront measurements. However, for reflective X-ray optics, the majority of existing speckle-based methods fail to provide reliable 2D information about the optical surface being characterized. Compared with the 1D information typically output from speckled-based methods, a 2D map is more informative for understanding the overall quality of the optic being tested. In this paper, we propose a method for in situ 2D absolute metrology of weakly focusing X-ray mirrors. Importantly, the angular misalignment of the mirror can be easily corrected with the proposed 2D processing procedure. We hope the speckle pattern data processing method presented here will help to extend this technique to wider applications in the synchrotron radiation and X-ray free-electron laser communities.
|
Nov 2022
|
|
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing
|
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[26376]
Open Access
Abstract: Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) is shown to be feasible at the I12 Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing (JEEP) beamline of Diamond Light Source. As a demonstration, a microstructually simple low-carbon ferritic steel was studied in a highly textured and annealed state. A processing pipeline suited to this beamline was created, using software already established in the 3DXRD user community, enabling grain centre-of-mass positions, orientations and strain tensor elements to be determined. Orientations, with texture measurements independently validated from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data, possessed a ∼0.1° uncertainty, comparable with other 3DXRD instruments. The spatial resolution was limited by the far-field detector pixel size; the average of the grain centre of mass position errors was determined as ±∼80 µm. An average per-grain error of ∼1 × 10−3 for the elastic strains was also measured; this could be reduced in future experiments by improving sample preparation, geometry calibration, data collection and analysis techniques. Application of 3DXRD onto I12 shows great potential, where its implementation is highly desirable due to the flexible, open architecture of the beamline. User-owned or designed sample environments can be used, thus 3DXRD could be applied to previously unexplored scientific areas.
|
Jul 2022
|
|
B21-High Throughput SAXS
|
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[24693, 21971]
Open Access
Abstract: 3D printing changes the scope of how samples can be mounted for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In this paper a 3D-printed X-ray chamber, which allows for in situ exchange of buffer and in situ optical transmission spectroscopy, is presented. The chamber is made of cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), including COC X-ray windows providing ultra-low SAXS background. The design integrates a membrane insert for in situ dialysis of the 100 µl sample volume against a reservoir, which enables measurements of the same sample under multiple conditions using an in-house X-ray setup equipped with a 17.4 keV molybdenum source. The design's capabilities are demonstrated by measuring reversible structural changes in lipid and polymer systems as a function of salt concentration and pH. In the same chambers optical light transmission spectroscopy was carried out measuring the optical turbidity of the mesophases and local pH values using pH-responsive dyes. Microfluidic exchange and optical spectroscopy combined with in situ X-ray scattering enables vast applications for the study of responsive materials.
|
Jul 2022
|
|
DIAD-Dual Imaging and Diffraction Beamline
|
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[30995]
Open Access
Abstract: The DIAD beamline for Dual Imaging and Diffraction at Diamond Light Source has opted to use an industrial robot to position its Dectris Pilatus 2M CdTe diffraction detector. This setup was chosen to enable flexible positioning of the detector in a quarter-sphere around the sample position whilst reliably holding the large weight of 139 kg of detector, detector mount and cabling in a stable position. Metrology measurements showed that the detector can be positioned with a linear repeatability of <19.7 µm and a rotational repeatability of <16.3 µrad. The detector position stays stable for a 12 h period with <10.1 µm of movement for linear displacement and <3.8 µrad for rotational displacement. X-ray diffraction from calibration samples confirmed that the robot is sufficiently stable to resolve lattice d-spacings within the instrumental broadening given by detector position and beam divergence.
|
Jul 2022
|
|
I13-1-Coherence
|
Andreas
Wolf
,
Bernhard
Akstaller
,
Silvia
Cipiccia
,
Silja
Flenner
,
Johannes
Hagemann
,
Veronika
Ludwig
,
Pascal
Meyer
,
Andreas
Schropp
,
Max
Schuster
,
Maria
Seifert
,
Mareike
Weule
,
Thilo
Michel
,
Gisela
Anton
,
Stefan
Funk
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[18540]
Open Access
Abstract: The advent of hard X-ray free-electron lasers enables nanoscopic X-ray imaging with sub-picosecond temporal resolution. X-ray grating interferometry offers a phase-sensitive full-field imaging technique where the phase retrieval can be carried out from a single exposure alone. Thus, the method is attractive for imaging applications at X-ray free-electron lasers where intrinsic pulse-to-pulse fluctuations pose a major challenge. In this work, the single-exposure phase imaging capabilities of grating interferometry are characterized by an implementation at the I13-1 beamline of Diamond Light Source (Oxfordshire, UK). For comparison purposes, propagation-based phase contrast imaging was also performed at the same instrument. The characterization is carried out in terms of the quantitativeness and the contrast-to-noise ratio of the phase reconstructions as well as via the achievable spatial resolution. By using a statistical image reconstruction scheme, previous limitations of grating interferometry regarding the spatial resolution can be mitigated as well as the experimental applicability of the technique.
|
May 2022
|
|
Optics
|
Open Access
Abstract: As Diamond Light Source embraces the move towards becoming a fourth-generation light source its optics will be required to perform under increasingly demanding conditions. Foremost amongst these conditions will be the increasing power densities the optics are subjected to and the reducing real estate they have to perform in. With these new challenges comes the need for greater understanding of how optics are assembled and how consistently the activity is carried out. In this paper, the effect of bolt pretension during assembly of monochromators on distortion of the optical surface is investigated through numerical simulation. The results reveal skewed convex distortion of the optical surface in the meridional direction when uneven clamping force is applied, highlighting the importance of taking the potential for distortion of the optical surface due to clamping force into consideration.
|
May 2022
|
|
I21-Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS)
|
Ke-Jin
Zhou
,
Andrew
Walters
,
Mirian
Garcia-Fernandez
,
Thomas
Rice
,
Matthew
Hand
,
Abhishek
Nag
,
Jiemin
Li
,
Stefano
Agrestini
,
Peter
Garland
,
Hongchang
Wang
,
Simon
Alcock
,
Ioana
Nistea
,
Brian
Nutter
,
Nicholas
Rubies
,
Giles
Knap
,
Martin
Gaughran
,
Fajin
Yuan
,
Peter
Chang
,
John
Emmins
,
George
Howell
Open Access
Abstract: The I21 beamline at Diamond Light Source is dedicated to advanced resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) for probing charge, orbital, spin and lattice excitations in materials across condensed matter physics, applied sciences and chemistry. Both the beamline and the RIXS spectrometer employ divergent variable-line-spacing gratings covering a broad energy range of 280–3000 eV. A combined energy resolution of ∼35 meV (16 meV) is readily achieved at 930 eV (530 eV) owing to the optimized optics and the mechanics. Considerable efforts have been paid to the design of the entire beamline, particularly the implementation of the collection mirrors, to maximize the X-ray photon throughput. The continuous rotation of the spectrometer over 150° under ultra high vacuum and a cryogenic manipulator with six degrees of freedom allow accurate mappings of low-energy excitations from solid state materials in momentum space. Most importantly, the facility features a unique combination of the high energy resolution and the high photon throughput vital for advanced RIXS applications. Together with its stability and user friendliness, I21 has become one of the most sought after RIXS beamlines in the world.
|
Mar 2022
|
|
