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142 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I24-Microfocus Macromolecular Crystallography	Modelling the effects of optical vibrations on photon beam parameters using ray-tracing software C. Houghton , C. Bloomer , L. Alianelli Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521007013 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A method to simulate beam properties observed at the beamline sample-point in the presence of motion of optical components has been developed at Diamond Light Source. A series of stationary ray-tracing simulations are used to model the impact on the beam stability caused by dynamic motion of optical elements. Ray-tracing simulations using SHADOW3 in OASYS, completed over multiple iterations and stitched together, permit the modelling of a pseudo-dynamic beamline. As beamline detectors operating at higher frequencies become more common, beam stability is crucial. Synchrotron ring upgrades to low-emittance lattices require increased stability of beamlines in order to conserve beam brightness. By simulating the change in beam size and position, an estimate of the impact the motion of various components have on stability is possible. The results presented in this paper focus on modelling the physical vibration of optical elements. Multiple beam parameters can be analysed in succession without manual input. The simulation code is described and the initial results obtained are presented. This method can be applied during beamline design and operation for the identification of optical elements that may introduce large errors in the beam properties at the sample-point.	Sep 2021
I14-Hard X-ray Nanoprobe	Beam and sample movement compensation for robust spectro-microscopy measurements on a hard X-ray nanoprobe Paul D. Quinn , Miguel Gomez-Gonzalez , Fernando Caco-Nerin , Julia E. Parker Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521007736 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [25187] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Static and in situ nanoscale spectro-microscopy is now routinely performed on the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline at Diamond and the solutions implemented to provide robust energy scanning and experimental operation are described. A software-based scheme for active feedback stabilization of X-ray beam position and monochromatic beam flux across the operating energy range of the beamline is reported, consisting of two linked feedback loops using extremum seeking and position control. Multimodal registration methods have been implemented for active compensation of drift during an experiment to compensate for sample movement during in situ experiments or from beam-induced effects.	Sep 2021
I13-1-Coherence	Quantitative phase measurements of human cell nuclei using X-ray ptychography Jorg Schwenke , Mohammed Yusuf , Laura A. Shemilt , Ulrich Wagner , Atiqa Sajid , Graeme R. Morrison , Fucai Zhang , Aaron Parsons , Christoph Rau , Ian K. Robinson Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521004586 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The human cell nucleus serves as an important organelle holding the genetic blueprint for life. In this work, X-ray ptychography was applied to assess the masses of human cell nuclei using its unique phase shift information. Measurements were carried out at the I13-1 beamline at the Diamond Light Source that has extremely large transverse coherence properties. The ptychographic diffractive imaging approach allowed imaging of large structures that gave quantitative measurements of the phase shift in 2D projections. In this paper a modified ptychography algorithm that improves the quality of the reconstruction for weak scattering samples is presented. The application of this approach to calculate the mass of several human nuclei is also demonstrated.	Jul 2021
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Observation of microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction Matthew Rowson , Chris J. Bennett , Mohammed Azeem , Oxana Magdysyuk , James Rouse , Ryan Lye , Joshua Davies , Simon Bray , Peter D. Lee Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521001569 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19235] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The widespread use and development of inertia friction welding is currently restricted by an incomplete understanding of the deformation mechanisms and microstructure evolution during the process. Understanding phase transformations and lattice strains during inertia friction welding is essential for the development of robust numerical models capable of determining optimized process parameters and reducing the requirement for costly experimental trials. A unique compact rig has been designed and used in-situ with a high-speed synchrotron X-ray diffraction instrument to investigate the microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding of a high-carbon steel (BS1407). At the contact interface, the transformation from ferrite to austenite was captured in great detail, allowing for analysis of the phase fractions during the process. Measurement of the thermal response of the weld reveals that the transformation to austenite occurs 230 °C below the equilibrium start temperature of 725 °C. It is concluded that the localization of large strains around the contact interface produced as the specimens deform assists this non-equilibrium phase transformation.	May 2021
I14-Hard X-ray Nanoprobe	The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline at Diamond Light Source Paul D. Quinn , Lucia Alianelli , Miguel Gomez-Gonzalez , David Mahoney , Fernando Cacho-Nerin , Andrew Peach , Julia E. Parker Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521002502 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline, I14, at Diamond Light Source is a new facility for nanoscale microscopy. The beamline was designed with an emphasis on multi-modal analysis, providing elemental mapping, speciation mapping by XANES, structural phase mapping using nano-XRD and imaging through differential phase contrast and ptychography. The 185 m-long beamline operates over a 5 keV to 23 keV energy range providing a ≤50 nm beam size for routine user experiments and a flexible scanning system allowing fast acquisition. The beamline achieves robust and stable operation by imaging the source in the vertical direction and implementing horizontally deflecting primary optics and an overfilled secondary source in the horizontal direction. This paper describes the design considerations, optical layout, aspects of the hardware engineering and scanning system in operation as well as some examples illustrating the beamline performance.	May 2021
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	I22: SAXS/WAXS beamline at Diamond Light Source – an overview of 10 years operation Andrew Smith , S. G. Alcock , L. S. Davidson , J. H. Emmins , J. C. Hiller Bardsley , P. Holloway , M. Malfois , A. R. Marshall , C. L. Pizzey , S. E. Rogers , O. Shebanova , T. Snow , J. P. Sutter , E. P. Williams , N. J. Terrill Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521002113 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Beamline I22 at Diamond Light Source is dedicated to the study of soft-matter systems from both biological and materials science. The beamline can operate in the range 3.7 keV to 22 keV for transmission SAXS and 14 keV to 20 keV for microfocus SAXS with beam sizes of 240 µm × 60 µm [full width half-maximum (FWHM) horizontal (H) × vertical (V)] at the sample for the main beamline, and approximately 10 µm × 10 µm for the dedicated microfocusing platform. There is a versatile sample platform for accommodating a range of facilities and user-developed sample environments. The high brilliance of the insertion device source on I22 allows structural investigation of materials under extreme environments (for example, fluid flow at high pressures and temperatures). I22 provides reliable access to millisecond data acquisition timescales, essential to understanding kinetic processes such as protein folding or structural evolution in polymers and colloids.	May 2021
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Extending synchrotron SAXS instrument ranges through addition of a portable, inexpensive USAXS module with vertical rotation axes Brian R. Pauw , Andrew Smith , Tim Snow , Olga Shebanova , John P. Sutter , Jan Ilavsky , Daniel Hermida-Merino , Glen J. Smales , Nicholas J. Terrill , Andreas F. Thünemann , Wim Bras Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521003313 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Ultra-SAXS can enhance the capabilities of existing synchrotron SAXS/WAXS beamlines. A compact ultra-SAXS module has been developed, which extends the measurable q-range with 0.0015 ≤ q (nm−1) ≤ 0.2, allowing structural dimensions in the range 30 ≤ D (nm) ≤ 4000 to be probed in addition to the range covered by a high-end SAXS/WAXS instrument. By shifting the module components in and out on their respective motor stages, SAXS/WAXS measurements can be easily and rapidly interleaved with USAXS measurements. The use of vertical crystal rotation axes (horizontal diffraction) greatly simplifies the construction, at minimal cost to efficiency. In this paper, the design considerations, realization and synchrotron findings are presented. Measurements of silica spheres, an alumina membrane, and a porous carbon catalyst are provided as application examples.	May 2021
I23-Long wavelength MX	X-ray tomographic reconstruction and segmentation pipeline for the long-wavelength macromolecular crystallography beamline at Diamond Light Source Daniil Kazantsev , Ramona Duman , Armin Wagner , Vitaliy Mykhaylyk , Kazimir Wanelik , Mark Basham , Nicola Wadeson Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521003453 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this paper a practical solution for the reconstruction and segmentation of low-contrast X-ray tomographic data of protein crystals from the long-wavelength macromolecular crystallography beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source is provided. The resulting segmented data will provide the path lengths through both diffracting and non-diffracting materials as basis for analytical absorption corrections for X-ray diffraction data taken in the same sample environment ahead of the tomography experiment. X-ray tomography data from protein crystals can be difficult to analyse due to very low or absent contrast between the different materials: the crystal, the sample holder and the surrounding mother liquor. The proposed data processing pipeline consists of two major sequential operations: model-based iterative reconstruction to improve contrast and minimize the influence of noise and artefacts, followed by segmentation. The segmentation aims to partition the reconstructed data into four phases: the crystal, mother liquor, loop and vacuum. In this study three different semi-automated segmentation methods are experimented with by using Gaussian mixture models, geodesic distance thresholding and a novel morphological method, RegionGrow, implemented specifically for the task. The complete reconstruction-segmentation pipeline is integrated into the MPI-based data analysis and reconstruction framework Savu, which is used to reduce computation time through parallelization across a computing cluster and makes the developed methods easily accessible.	May 2021
I20-Scanning-X-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES)	Redox state and photoreduction control using X-ray spectroelectrochemical techniques – advances in design and fabrication through additive engineering Stephen Peter Best , Victor A. Streltsov , Christopher Thomas Chantler , Wangzhe Li , Philip A. Ash , Shusaku Hayama , Sofia Diaz-Moreno Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520016021 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20589, 23523] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The design and performance of an electrochemical cell and solution flow system optimized for the collection of X-ray absorption spectra from solutions of species sensitive to photodamage is described. A combination of 3D CAD and 3D printing techniques facilitates highly optimized design with low unit cost and short production time. Precise control of the solution flow is critical to both minimizing the volume of solution needed and minimizing the photodamage that occurs during data acquisition. The details of an integrated four-syringe stepper-motor-driven pump and associated software are described. It is shown that combined electrochemical and flow control can allow repeated measurement of a defined volume of solution, 100 µl, of samples sensitive to photoreduction without significant change to the X-ray absorption near-edge structure and is demonstrated by measurements of copper(II) complexes. The flow in situ electrochemical cell allows the collection of high-quality X-ray spectral measurements both in the near-edge region and over an extended energy region as is needed for structural analysis from solution samples. This approach provides control over photodamage at a level at least comparable with that achieved using cryogenic techniques and at the same time eliminates problems associated with interference due to Bragg peaks.	Mar 2021
Detectors	Characterization of the Percival detector with soft X-rays Alessandro Marras , Jonathan Correa , Sabine Lange , Vahagn Vardanyan , Tim Gerhardt , Manuela Kuhn , Frantisek Krivan , Igor Shevyakov , Manfred Zimmer , Moritz Hoesch , Kai Bagschik , Frank Scholz , Niccolo Guerrini , Ben Marsh , Iain Sedgwick , Giuseppe Cautero , Dario Giuressi , Gregori Iztok , Ralf H. Menk , Martin Scarcia , Luigi Stebel , Tim Nicholls , William Nichols , Ulrik K. Pedersen , Polad Shikhaliev , Nicola Tartoni , Hyojung Hyun , Seonghan Kim , Kyungsook Kim , Seungyu Rah , Arkadiusz Dawiec , Fabienne Orsini , Giovanni Pinaroli , Alan Greer , Steve Aplin , April D. Jewell , Todd J. Jones , Shouleh Nikzad , Michael E. Hoenk , Frank Okrent , Heinz Graafsma , Cornelia B. Wunderer Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28, 131 - 145 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520013958 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along with its characterization by means of optical and X-ray photons. For the first time, the response of the system to soft X-rays (250 eV to 1 keV) is presented. The main performance parameters of the first detector are measured, assessing the capabilities in terms of noise, dynamic range and single-photon discrimination capability. Present limitations and coming improvements are discussed.	Jan 2021

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