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133 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
Detectors	Characterization of the Percival detector with soft X-rays Alessandro Marras , Jonathan Correa , Sabine Lange , Vahagn Vardanyan , Tim Gerhardt , Manuela Kuhn , Frantisek Krivan , Igor Shevyakov , Manfred Zimmer , Moritz Hoesch , Kai Bagschik , Frank Scholz , Niccolo Guerrini , Ben Marsh , Iain Sedgwick , Giuseppe Cautero , Dario Giuressi , Gregori Iztok , Ralf H. Menk , Martin Scarcia , Luigi Stebel , Tim Nicholls , William Nichols , Ulrik K. Pedersen , Polad Shikhaliev , Nicola Tartoni , Hyojung Hyun , Seonghan Kim , Kyungsook Kim , Seungyu Rah , Arkadiusz Dawiec , Fabienne Orsini , Giovanni Pinaroli , Alan Greer , Steve Aplin , April D. Jewell , Todd J. Jones , Shouleh Nikzad , Michael E. Hoenk , Frank Okrent , Heinz Graafsma , Cornelia B. Wunderer Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28, 131 - 145 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520013958 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along with its characterization by means of optical and X-ray photons. For the first time, the response of the system to soft X-rays (250 eV to 1 keV) is presented. The main performance parameters of the first detector are measured, assessing the capabilities in terms of noise, dynamic range and single-photon discrimination capability. Present limitations and coming improvements are discussed.	Jan 2021
B21-High Throughput SAXS	Design of a multipurpose sample cell holder for the Diamond Light Source high-throughput SAXS beamline B21 Charlotte Jennifer Chante Edwards-gayle , Nikul Khunti , Ian W. Hamley , Katsuaki Inoue , Nathan Cowieson , Robert Rambo Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520013831 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The design of a multipurpose sample cell holder for the high-throughput (HT) beamline B21 is presented. The device is compatible with the robot bioSAXS sample changer currently installed on BM29, ESRF, and P12 Petra IV synchrotrons. This work presents an approach that uses 3D-printing to make hardware alterations which can expand the versatility of HT beamlines at low cost.	Dec 2020
I06-Nanoscience	Tensor description of X-ray magnetic dichroism at the Fe L2,3-edges of Fe3O4 Hebatalla Elnaggar , Maurits W. Haverkort , Mai Hussein Hamed , Sarnjeet S. Dhesi , Frank M. F. De Groot Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520015027 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17588] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A procedure to build the optical conductivity tensor that describes the full magneto-optical response of the system from experimental measurements is presented. Applied to the Fe L2,3-edge of a 38.85 nm Fe3O4/SrTiO3 (001) thin-film, it is shown that the computed polarization dependence using the conductivity tensor is in excellent agreement with that experimentally measured. Furthermore, the magnetic field angular dependence is discussed using a set of fundamental spectra expanded on spherical harmonics. It is shown that the convergence of this expansion depends on the details of the ground state of the system in question and in particular on the valence-state spin–orbit coupling. While a cubic expansion up to the third order explains the angular-dependent X-ray magnetic linear dichroism of Fe3+ well, higher-order terms are required for Fe2+ when the orbital moment is not quenched.	Dec 2020
B16-Test Beamline Optics	Hard X-ray ptychography for optics characterization using a partially coherent synchrotron source Thomas E. J. Moxham , Aaron Parsons , Tunhe Zhou , Lucia Alianelli , Hongchang Wang , David Laundy , Vishal Dhamgaye , Oliver J. L. Fox , Kawal Sawhney , Alexander M. Korsunsky Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520012151 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Ptychography is a scanning coherent diffraction imaging technique which provides high resolution imaging and complete spatial information of the complex electric field probe and sample transmission function. Its ability to accurately determine the illumination probe has led to its use at modern synchrotrons and free-electron lasers as a wavefront-sensing technique for optics alignment, monitoring and correction. Recent developments in the ptychography reconstruction process now incorporate a modal decomposition of the illuminating probe and relax the restriction of using sources with high spatial coherence. In this article a practical implementation of hard X-ray ptychography from a partially coherent X-ray source with a large number of modes is demonstrated experimentally. A strongly diffracting Siemens star test sample is imaged using the focused beam produced by either a Fresnel zone plate or beryllium compound refractive lens. The recovered probe from each optic is back propagated in order to plot the beam caustic and determine the precise focal size and position. The power distribution of the reconstructed probe modes also allows the quantification of the beams coherence and is compared with the values predicted by a Gaussian–Schell model and the optics exit intensity.	Nov 2020
Optics	Fast convolution-based performance estimation method for diffraction-limited source with imperfect X-ray optics Lingfei Hu , John P. Sutter , Hongchang Wang Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520012825 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Although optical element error analysis is always an important part of beamline design for highly coherent synchrotron radiation or free-electron laser sources, the usual wave optics simulation can be very time-consuming, which limits its application at the early stage of the beamline design. In this work, a new theoretical approach has been proposed for quick evaluations of the optical performance degradation due to optical element error. In this way, time-consuming detailed simulations can be applied only when truly necessary. This approach treats the imperfections as perturbations that convolve with the ideal performance. For simplicity, but not by necessity, the Gaussian Schell-model has been used to show the application of this theoretical approach. The influences of the finite aperture size and height error of a focusing mirror are analysed using the proposed theory. The physical explanation of the performance degradation acquired from the presented approach helps to give a better definition of the critical range of error spatial frequencies that most affect the performance of a mirror. An example comparing two mirror surface errors with identical power spectral density functions is given. These two types of mirror surface errors result in very different intensity profiles. The approach presented in this work could help beamline designers specify the error tolerances on general optical elements more accurately.	Nov 2020
B16-Test Beamline Optics	Correction of the X-ray wavefront from compound refractive lenses using 3D printed refractive structures Vishal Dhamgaye , David Laundy , Sara Baldock , Thomas Moxham , Kawal Sawhney Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520011765 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A refractive phase corrector optics is proposed for the compensation of fabrication error of X-ray optical elements. Here, at-wavelength wavefront measurements of the focused X-ray beam by knife-edge imaging technique, the design of a three-dimensional corrector plate, its fabrication by 3D printing, and use of a corrector to compensate for X-ray lens figure errors are presented. A rotationally invariant corrector was manufactured in the polymer IP-STM using additive manufacturing based on the two-photon polymerization technique. The fabricated corrector was characterized at the B16 Test beamline, Diamond Light Source, UK, showing a reduction in r.m.s. wavefront error of a Be compound refractive Lens (CRL) by a factor of six. The r.m.s. wavefront error is a figure of merit for the wavefront quality but, for X-ray lenses, with significant X-ray absorption, a form of the r.m.s. error with weighting proportional to the transmitted X-ray intensity has been proposed. The knife-edge imaging wavefront-sensing technique was adapted to measure rotationally variant wavefront errors from two different sets of Be CRL consisting of 98 and 24 lenses. The optical aberrations were then quantified using a Zernike polynomial expansion of the 2D wavefront error. The compensation by a rotationally invariant corrector plate was partial as the Be CRL wavefront error distribution was found to vary with polar angle indicating the presence of non-spherical aberration terms. A wavefront correction plate with rotationally anisotropic thickness is proposed to compensate for anisotropy in order to achieve good focusing by CRLs at beamlines operating at diffraction-limited storage rings.	Nov 2020
I06-Nanoscience	Improving the soft X-ray reflectivity of Cr/Ti multilayers by co-deposition of B4C Jingtao Zhu , Jiayi Zhang , Haochuan Li , Yuchun Tu , Jinwen Chen , Hongchang Wang , Sarnjeet S. Dhesi , Mingqi Cui , Jie Zhu , Philippe Jonnard Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520011741 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The `water window', covering 2.4–4.4 nm, is an important wavelength range particularly essential to biology research. Cr/Ti multilayers are one of the promising reflecting elements in this region because the near-normal-incidence reflectivity is theoretically as high as 64% at 2.73 nm. However, due to multilayer imperfections, the reported reflectivity is lower than 3% for near-normal incidence. Here, B and C were intentionally incorporated into ultra-thin Cr/Ti soft X-ray multilayers by co-deposition of B4C at the interfaces. The effect on the multilayer structure and composition has been investigated using X-ray reflectometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cross-section electron microscopy. It is shown that B and C are mainly bonded to Ti sites, forming a nonstoichiometric TiBxCy composition, which hinders the interface diffusion, supresses the crystallization of the Cr/Ti multilayer and dramatically improves the interface quality of Cr/TiBxCy multilayers. As a result, the near-normal-incidence reflectivity of soft X-rays increases from 4.48% to 15.75% at a wavelength of 2.73 nm.	Nov 2020
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Mjölnir: a miniature triaxial rock deformation apparatus for 4D synchrotron X-ray microtomography Ian Butler , Florian Fusseis , Alexis Cartwright-taylor , Michael Flynn Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S160057752001173X Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22178] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: An X-ray transparent experimental triaxial rock deformation apparatus, here named `Mjölnir', enables investigations of brittle-style rock deformation and failure, as well as coupled thermal, chemical and mechanical processes relevant to a range of Earth subsurface environments. Designed to operate with cylindrical samples up to 3.2 mm outside-diameter and up to 10 mm length, Mjölnir can attain up to 50 MPa confining pressure and in excess of 600 MPa axial load. The addition of heaters extends the experimental range to temperatures up to 140°C. Deployment of Mjolnir on synchrotron beamlines indicates that full 3D datasets may be acquired in a few seconds to a few minutes, meaning full 4D investigations of deformation processes can be undertaken. Mjölnir is constructed from readily available materials and components and complete technical drawings are included in the supporting information.	Nov 2020
I15-1-X-ray Pair Distribution Function (XPDF)	Fast operando X-ray pair distribution function using the DRIX electrochemical cell Maria Diaz-lopez , Geoffrey L. Cutts , Phoebe K. Allan , Dean S. Keeble , Allan Ross , Valerie Pralong , Georg Spiekermann , Philip A. Chater Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S160057752000747X Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20893, 20094] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In situ electrochemical cycling combined with total scattering measurements can provide valuable structural information on crystalline, semi-crystalline and amorphous phases present during (dis)charging of batteries. In situ measurements are particularly challenging for total scattering experiments due to the requirement for low, constant and reproducible backgrounds. Poor cell design can introduce artefacts into the total scattering data or cause inhomogeneous electrochemical cycling, leading to poor data quality or misleading results. This work presents a new cell design optimized to provide good electrochemical performance while performing bulk multi-scale characterizations based on total scattering and pair distribution function methods, and with potential for techniques such as X-ray Raman spectroscopy. As an example, the structural changes of a nanostructured high-capacity cathode with a disordered rock-salt structure and composition Li4Mn2O5 are demonstrated. The results show that there is no contribution to the recorded signal from other cell components, and a very low and consistent contribution from the cell background.	Sep 2020
I13-1-Coherence	Hard X-ray wavefront correction via refractive phase plates made by additive and subtractive fabrication techniques Frank Seiboth , Dennis Brückner , Maik Kahnt , Mikhail Lyubomirskiy , Felix Wittwer , Dmitry Dzhigaev , Tobias Ullsperger , Stefan Nolte , Frieder Koch , Christian David , Jan Garrevoet , Gerald Falkenberg , Christian G. Schroer Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520007900 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19906] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Modern subtractive and additive manufacturing techniques present new avenues for X-ray optics with complex shapes and patterns. Refractive phase plates acting as glasses for X-ray optics have been fabricated, and spherical aberration in refractive X-ray lenses made from beryllium has been successfully corrected. A diamond phase plate made by femtosecond laser ablation was found to improve the Strehl ratio of a lens stack with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.88 × 10−3 at 8.2 keV from 0.1 to 0.7. A polymer phase plate made by additive printing achieved an increase in the Strehl ratio of a lens stack at 35 keV with NA of 0.18 × 10−3 from 0.15 to 0.89, demonstrating diffraction-limited nanofocusing at high X-ray energies.	Sep 2020

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