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139 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Observation of microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction Matthew Rowson , Chris J. Bennett , Mohammed Azeem , Oxana Magdysyuk , James Rouse , Ryan Lye , Joshua Davies , Simon Bray , Peter D. Lee Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521001569 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19235] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The widespread use and development of inertia friction welding is currently restricted by an incomplete understanding of the deformation mechanisms and microstructure evolution during the process. Understanding phase transformations and lattice strains during inertia friction welding is essential for the development of robust numerical models capable of determining optimized process parameters and reducing the requirement for costly experimental trials. A unique compact rig has been designed and used in-situ with a high-speed synchrotron X-ray diffraction instrument to investigate the microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding of a high-carbon steel (BS1407). At the contact interface, the transformation from ferrite to austenite was captured in great detail, allowing for analysis of the phase fractions during the process. Measurement of the thermal response of the weld reveals that the transformation to austenite occurs 230 °C below the equilibrium start temperature of 725 °C. It is concluded that the localization of large strains around the contact interface produced as the specimens deform assists this non-equilibrium phase transformation.	May 2021
I23-Long wavelength MX	X-ray tomographic reconstruction and segmentation pipeline for the long-wavelength macromolecular crystallography beamline at Diamond Light Source Daniil Kazantsev , Ramona Duman , Armin Wagner , Vitaliy Mykhaylyk , Kazimir Wanelik , Mark Basham , Nicola Wadeson Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521003453 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this paper a practical solution for the reconstruction and segmentation of low-contrast X-ray tomographic data of protein crystals from the long-wavelength macromolecular crystallography beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source is provided. The resulting segmented data will provide the path lengths through both diffracting and non-diffracting materials as basis for analytical absorption corrections for X-ray diffraction data taken in the same sample environment ahead of the tomography experiment. X-ray tomography data from protein crystals can be difficult to analyse due to very low or absent contrast between the different materials: the crystal, the sample holder and the surrounding mother liquor. The proposed data processing pipeline consists of two major sequential operations: model-based iterative reconstruction to improve contrast and minimize the influence of noise and artefacts, followed by segmentation. The segmentation aims to partition the reconstructed data into four phases: the crystal, mother liquor, loop and vacuum. In this study three different semi-automated segmentation methods are experimented with by using Gaussian mixture models, geodesic distance thresholding and a novel morphological method, RegionGrow, implemented specifically for the task. The complete reconstruction-segmentation pipeline is integrated into the MPI-based data analysis and reconstruction framework Savu, which is used to reduce computation time through parallelization across a computing cluster and makes the developed methods easily accessible.	May 2021
I14-Hard X-ray Nanoprobe	The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline at Diamond Light Source Paul D. Quinn , Lucia Alianelli , Miguel Gomez-Gonzalez , David Mahoney , Fernando Cacho-Nerin , Andrew Peach , Julia E. Parker Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521002502 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline, I14, at Diamond Light Source is a new facility for nanoscale microscopy. The beamline was designed with an emphasis on multi-modal analysis, providing elemental mapping, speciation mapping by XANES, structural phase mapping using nano-XRD and imaging through differential phase contrast and ptychography. The 185 m-long beamline operates over a 5 keV to 23 keV energy range providing a ≤50 nm beam size for routine user experiments and a flexible scanning system allowing fast acquisition. The beamline achieves robust and stable operation by imaging the source in the vertical direction and implementing horizontally deflecting primary optics and an overfilled secondary source in the horizontal direction. This paper describes the design considerations, optical layout, aspects of the hardware engineering and scanning system in operation as well as some examples illustrating the beamline performance.	May 2021
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Extending synchrotron SAXS instrument ranges through addition of a portable, inexpensive USAXS module with vertical rotation axes Brian R. Pauw , Andrew Smith , Tim Snow , Olga Shebanova , John P. Sutter , Jan Ilavsky , Daniel Hermida-Merino , Glen J. Smales , Nicholas J. Terrill , Andreas F. Thünemann , Wim Bras Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521003313 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Ultra-SAXS can enhance the capabilities of existing synchrotron SAXS/WAXS beamlines. A compact ultra-SAXS module has been developed, which extends the measurable q-range with 0.0015 ≤ q (nm−1) ≤ 0.2, allowing structural dimensions in the range 30 ≤ D (nm) ≤ 4000 to be probed in addition to the range covered by a high-end SAXS/WAXS instrument. By shifting the module components in and out on their respective motor stages, SAXS/WAXS measurements can be easily and rapidly interleaved with USAXS measurements. The use of vertical crystal rotation axes (horizontal diffraction) greatly simplifies the construction, at minimal cost to efficiency. In this paper, the design considerations, realization and synchrotron findings are presented. Measurements of silica spheres, an alumina membrane, and a porous carbon catalyst are provided as application examples.	May 2021
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	I22: SAXS/WAXS beamline at Diamond Light Source – an overview of 10 years operation Andrew Smith , S. G. Alcock , L. S. Davidson , J. H. Emmins , J. C. Hiller Bardsley , P. Holloway , M. Malfois , A. R. Marshall , C. L. Pizzey , S. E. Rogers , O. Shebanova , T. Snow , J. P. Sutter , E. P. Williams , N. J. Terrill Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521002113 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Beamline I22 at Diamond Light Source is dedicated to the study of soft-matter systems from both biological and materials science. The beamline can operate in the range 3.7 keV to 22 keV for transmission SAXS and 14 keV to 20 keV for microfocus SAXS with beam sizes of 240 µm × 60 µm [full width half-maximum (FWHM) horizontal (H) × vertical (V)] at the sample for the main beamline, and approximately 10 µm × 10 µm for the dedicated microfocusing platform. There is a versatile sample platform for accommodating a range of facilities and user-developed sample environments. The high brilliance of the insertion device source on I22 allows structural investigation of materials under extreme environments (for example, fluid flow at high pressures and temperatures). I22 provides reliable access to millisecond data acquisition timescales, essential to understanding kinetic processes such as protein folding or structural evolution in polymers and colloids.	May 2021
I20-Scanning-X-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES)	Redox state and photoreduction control using X-ray spectroelectrochemical techniques – advances in design and fabrication through additive engineering Stephen Peter Best , Victor A. Streltsov , Christopher Thomas Chantler , Wangzhe Li , Philip A. Ash , Shusaku Hayama , Sofia Diaz-Moreno Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520016021 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20589, 23523] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The design and performance of an electrochemical cell and solution flow system optimized for the collection of X-ray absorption spectra from solutions of species sensitive to photodamage is described. A combination of 3D CAD and 3D printing techniques facilitates highly optimized design with low unit cost and short production time. Precise control of the solution flow is critical to both minimizing the volume of solution needed and minimizing the photodamage that occurs during data acquisition. The details of an integrated four-syringe stepper-motor-driven pump and associated software are described. It is shown that combined electrochemical and flow control can allow repeated measurement of a defined volume of solution, 100 µl, of samples sensitive to photoreduction without significant change to the X-ray absorption near-edge structure and is demonstrated by measurements of copper(II) complexes. The flow in situ electrochemical cell allows the collection of high-quality X-ray spectral measurements both in the near-edge region and over an extended energy region as is needed for structural analysis from solution samples. This approach provides control over photodamage at a level at least comparable with that achieved using cryogenic techniques and at the same time eliminates problems associated with interference due to Bragg peaks.	Mar 2021
Detectors	Characterization of the Percival detector with soft X-rays Alessandro Marras , Jonathan Correa , Sabine Lange , Vahagn Vardanyan , Tim Gerhardt , Manuela Kuhn , Frantisek Krivan , Igor Shevyakov , Manfred Zimmer , Moritz Hoesch , Kai Bagschik , Frank Scholz , Niccolo Guerrini , Ben Marsh , Iain Sedgwick , Giuseppe Cautero , Dario Giuressi , Gregori Iztok , Ralf H. Menk , Martin Scarcia , Luigi Stebel , Tim Nicholls , William Nichols , Ulrik K. Pedersen , Polad Shikhaliev , Nicola Tartoni , Hyojung Hyun , Seonghan Kim , Kyungsook Kim , Seungyu Rah , Arkadiusz Dawiec , Fabienne Orsini , Giovanni Pinaroli , Alan Greer , Steve Aplin , April D. Jewell , Todd J. Jones , Shouleh Nikzad , Michael E. Hoenk , Frank Okrent , Heinz Graafsma , Cornelia B. Wunderer Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28, 131 - 145 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520013958 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along with its characterization by means of optical and X-ray photons. For the first time, the response of the system to soft X-rays (250 eV to 1 keV) is presented. The main performance parameters of the first detector are measured, assessing the capabilities in terms of noise, dynamic range and single-photon discrimination capability. Present limitations and coming improvements are discussed.	Jan 2021
I06-Nanoscience	Tensor description of X-ray magnetic dichroism at the Fe L2,3-edges of Fe3O4 Hebatalla Elnaggar , Maurits W. Haverkort , Mai Hussein Hamed , Sarnjeet S. Dhesi , Frank M. F. De Groot Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520015027 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17588] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A procedure to build the optical conductivity tensor that describes the full magneto-optical response of the system from experimental measurements is presented. Applied to the Fe L2,3-edge of a 38.85 nm Fe3O4/SrTiO3 (001) thin-film, it is shown that the computed polarization dependence using the conductivity tensor is in excellent agreement with that experimentally measured. Furthermore, the magnetic field angular dependence is discussed using a set of fundamental spectra expanded on spherical harmonics. It is shown that the convergence of this expansion depends on the details of the ground state of the system in question and in particular on the valence-state spin–orbit coupling. While a cubic expansion up to the third order explains the angular-dependent X-ray magnetic linear dichroism of Fe3+ well, higher-order terms are required for Fe2+ when the orbital moment is not quenched.	Dec 2020
B21-High Throughput SAXS	Design of a multipurpose sample cell holder for the Diamond Light Source high-throughput SAXS beamline B21 Charlotte Jennifer Chante Edwards-Gayle , Nikul Khunti , Ian W. Hamley , Katsuaki Inoue , Nathan Cowieson , Robert Rambo Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520013831 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The design of a multipurpose sample cell holder for the high-throughput (HT) beamline B21 is presented. The device is compatible with the robot bioSAXS sample changer currently installed on BM29, ESRF, and P12 Petra IV synchrotrons. This work presents an approach that uses 3D-printing to make hardware alterations which can expand the versatility of HT beamlines at low cost.	Dec 2020
I06-Nanoscience	Improving the soft X-ray reflectivity of Cr/Ti multilayers by co-deposition of B4C Jingtao Zhu , Jiayi Zhang , Haochuan Li , Yuchun Tu , Jinwen Chen , Hongchang Wang , Sarnjeet S. Dhesi , Mingqi Cui , Jie Zhu , Philippe Jonnard Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520011741 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The `water window', covering 2.4–4.4 nm, is an important wavelength range particularly essential to biology research. Cr/Ti multilayers are one of the promising reflecting elements in this region because the near-normal-incidence reflectivity is theoretically as high as 64% at 2.73 nm. However, due to multilayer imperfections, the reported reflectivity is lower than 3% for near-normal incidence. Here, B and C were intentionally incorporated into ultra-thin Cr/Ti soft X-ray multilayers by co-deposition of B4C at the interfaces. The effect on the multilayer structure and composition has been investigated using X-ray reflectometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cross-section electron microscopy. It is shown that B and C are mainly bonded to Ti sites, forming a nonstoichiometric TiBxCy composition, which hinders the interface diffusion, supresses the crystallization of the Cr/Ti multilayer and dramatically improves the interface quality of Cr/TiBxCy multilayers. As a result, the near-normal-incidence reflectivity of soft X-rays increases from 4.48% to 15.75% at a wavelength of 2.73 nm.	Nov 2020

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