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136 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Observation of microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction Matthew Rowson , Chris J. Bennett , Mohammed Azeem , Oxana Magdysyuk , James Rouse , Ryan Lye , Joshua Davies , Simon Bray , Peter D. Lee Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521001569 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19235] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The widespread use and development of inertia friction welding is currently restricted by an incomplete understanding of the deformation mechanisms and microstructure evolution during the process. Understanding phase transformations and lattice strains during inertia friction welding is essential for the development of robust numerical models capable of determining optimized process parameters and reducing the requirement for costly experimental trials. A unique compact rig has been designed and used in-situ with a high-speed synchrotron X-ray diffraction instrument to investigate the microstructure evolution during inertia friction welding of a high-carbon steel (BS1407). At the contact interface, the transformation from ferrite to austenite was captured in great detail, allowing for analysis of the phase fractions during the process. Measurement of the thermal response of the weld reveals that the transformation to austenite occurs 230 °C below the equilibrium start temperature of 725 °C. It is concluded that the localization of large strains around the contact interface produced as the specimens deform assists this non-equilibrium phase transformation.	May 2021
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	I22: SAXS/WAXS beamline at Diamond Light Source – an overview of 10 years operation Andrew Smith , S. G. Alcock , L. S. Davidson , J. H. Emmins , J. C. Hiller Bardsley , P. Holloway , M. Malfois , A. R. Marshall , C. L. Pizzey , S. E. Rogers , O. Shebanova , T. Snow , J. P. Sutter , E. P. Williams , N. J. Terrill Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577521002113 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Beamline I22 at Diamond Light Source is dedicated to the study of soft-matter systems from both biological and materials science. The beamline can operate in the range 3.7 keV to 22 keV for transmission SAXS and 14 keV to 20 keV for microfocus SAXS with beam sizes of 240 µm × 60 µm [full width half-maximum (FWHM) horizontal (H) × vertical (V)] at the sample for the main beamline, and approximately 10 µm × 10 µm for the dedicated microfocusing platform. There is a versatile sample platform for accommodating a range of facilities and user-developed sample environments. The high brilliance of the insertion device source on I22 allows structural investigation of materials under extreme environments (for example, fluid flow at high pressures and temperatures). I22 provides reliable access to millisecond data acquisition timescales, essential to understanding kinetic processes such as protein folding or structural evolution in polymers and colloids.	May 2021
I20-Scanning-X-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES)	Redox state and photoreduction control using X-ray spectroelectrochemical techniques – advances in design and fabrication through additive engineering Stephen Peter Best , Victor A. Streltsov , Christopher Thomas Chantler , Wangzhe Li , Philip A. Ash , Shusaku Hayama , Sofia Diaz-moreno Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520016021 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20589, 23523] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The design and performance of an electrochemical cell and solution flow system optimized for the collection of X-ray absorption spectra from solutions of species sensitive to photodamage is described. A combination of 3D CAD and 3D printing techniques facilitates highly optimized design with low unit cost and short production time. Precise control of the solution flow is critical to both minimizing the volume of solution needed and minimizing the photodamage that occurs during data acquisition. The details of an integrated four-syringe stepper-motor-driven pump and associated software are described. It is shown that combined electrochemical and flow control can allow repeated measurement of a defined volume of solution, 100 µl, of samples sensitive to photoreduction without significant change to the X-ray absorption near-edge structure and is demonstrated by measurements of copper(II) complexes. The flow in situ electrochemical cell allows the collection of high-quality X-ray spectral measurements both in the near-edge region and over an extended energy region as is needed for structural analysis from solution samples. This approach provides control over photodamage at a level at least comparable with that achieved using cryogenic techniques and at the same time eliminates problems associated with interference due to Bragg peaks.	Mar 2021
Detectors	Characterization of the Percival detector with soft X-rays Alessandro Marras , Jonathan Correa , Sabine Lange , Vahagn Vardanyan , Tim Gerhardt , Manuela Kuhn , Frantisek Krivan , Igor Shevyakov , Manfred Zimmer , Moritz Hoesch , Kai Bagschik , Frank Scholz , Niccolo Guerrini , Ben Marsh , Iain Sedgwick , Giuseppe Cautero , Dario Giuressi , Gregori Iztok , Ralf H. Menk , Martin Scarcia , Luigi Stebel , Tim Nicholls , William Nichols , Ulrik K. Pedersen , Polad Shikhaliev , Nicola Tartoni , Hyojung Hyun , Seonghan Kim , Kyungsook Kim , Seungyu Rah , Arkadiusz Dawiec , Fabienne Orsini , Giovanni Pinaroli , Alan Greer , Steve Aplin , April D. Jewell , Todd J. Jones , Shouleh Nikzad , Michael E. Hoenk , Frank Okrent , Heinz Graafsma , Cornelia B. Wunderer Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28, 131 - 145 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520013958 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along with its characterization by means of optical and X-ray photons. For the first time, the response of the system to soft X-rays (250 eV to 1 keV) is presented. The main performance parameters of the first detector are measured, assessing the capabilities in terms of noise, dynamic range and single-photon discrimination capability. Present limitations and coming improvements are discussed.	Jan 2021
B21-High Throughput SAXS	Design of a multipurpose sample cell holder for the Diamond Light Source high-throughput SAXS beamline B21 Charlotte Jennifer Chante Edwards-gayle , Nikul Khunti , Ian W. Hamley , Katsuaki Inoue , Nathan Cowieson , Robert Rambo Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520013831 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The design of a multipurpose sample cell holder for the high-throughput (HT) beamline B21 is presented. The device is compatible with the robot bioSAXS sample changer currently installed on BM29, ESRF, and P12 Petra IV synchrotrons. This work presents an approach that uses 3D-printing to make hardware alterations which can expand the versatility of HT beamlines at low cost.	Dec 2020
I06-Nanoscience	Tensor description of X-ray magnetic dichroism at the Fe L2,3-edges of Fe3O4 Hebatalla Elnaggar , Maurits W. Haverkort , Mai Hussein Hamed , Sarnjeet S. Dhesi , Frank M. F. De Groot Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 28 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520015027 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17588] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A procedure to build the optical conductivity tensor that describes the full magneto-optical response of the system from experimental measurements is presented. Applied to the Fe L2,3-edge of a 38.85 nm Fe3O4/SrTiO3 (001) thin-film, it is shown that the computed polarization dependence using the conductivity tensor is in excellent agreement with that experimentally measured. Furthermore, the magnetic field angular dependence is discussed using a set of fundamental spectra expanded on spherical harmonics. It is shown that the convergence of this expansion depends on the details of the ground state of the system in question and in particular on the valence-state spin–orbit coupling. While a cubic expansion up to the third order explains the angular-dependent X-ray magnetic linear dichroism of Fe3+ well, higher-order terms are required for Fe2+ when the orbital moment is not quenched.	Dec 2020
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Mjölnir: a miniature triaxial rock deformation apparatus for 4D synchrotron X-ray microtomography Ian Butler , Florian Fusseis , Alexis Cartwright-taylor , Michael Flynn Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S160057752001173X Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22178] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: An X-ray transparent experimental triaxial rock deformation apparatus, here named `Mjölnir', enables investigations of brittle-style rock deformation and failure, as well as coupled thermal, chemical and mechanical processes relevant to a range of Earth subsurface environments. Designed to operate with cylindrical samples up to 3.2 mm outside-diameter and up to 10 mm length, Mjölnir can attain up to 50 MPa confining pressure and in excess of 600 MPa axial load. The addition of heaters extends the experimental range to temperatures up to 140°C. Deployment of Mjolnir on synchrotron beamlines indicates that full 3D datasets may be acquired in a few seconds to a few minutes, meaning full 4D investigations of deformation processes can be undertaken. Mjölnir is constructed from readily available materials and components and complete technical drawings are included in the supporting information.	Nov 2020
B16-Test Beamline Optics	Hard X-ray ptychography for optics characterization using a partially coherent synchrotron source Thomas E. J. Moxham , Aaron Parsons , Tunhe Zhou , Lucia Alianelli , Hongchang Wang , David Laundy , Vishal Dhamgaye , Oliver J. L. Fox , Kawal Sawhney , Alexander M. Korsunsky Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520012151 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Ptychography is a scanning coherent diffraction imaging technique which provides high resolution imaging and complete spatial information of the complex electric field probe and sample transmission function. Its ability to accurately determine the illumination probe has led to its use at modern synchrotrons and free-electron lasers as a wavefront-sensing technique for optics alignment, monitoring and correction. Recent developments in the ptychography reconstruction process now incorporate a modal decomposition of the illuminating probe and relax the restriction of using sources with high spatial coherence. In this article a practical implementation of hard X-ray ptychography from a partially coherent X-ray source with a large number of modes is demonstrated experimentally. A strongly diffracting Siemens star test sample is imaged using the focused beam produced by either a Fresnel zone plate or beryllium compound refractive lens. The recovered probe from each optic is back propagated in order to plot the beam caustic and determine the precise focal size and position. The power distribution of the reconstructed probe modes also allows the quantification of the beams coherence and is compared with the values predicted by a Gaussian–Schell model and the optics exit intensity.	Nov 2020
B16-Test Beamline Optics	Correction of the X-ray wavefront from compound refractive lenses using 3D printed refractive structures Vishal Dhamgaye , David Laundy , Sara Baldock , Thomas Moxham , Kawal Sawhney Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520011765 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A refractive phase corrector optics is proposed for the compensation of fabrication error of X-ray optical elements. Here, at-wavelength wavefront measurements of the focused X-ray beam by knife-edge imaging technique, the design of a three-dimensional corrector plate, its fabrication by 3D printing, and use of a corrector to compensate for X-ray lens figure errors are presented. A rotationally invariant corrector was manufactured in the polymer IP-STM using additive manufacturing based on the two-photon polymerization technique. The fabricated corrector was characterized at the B16 Test beamline, Diamond Light Source, UK, showing a reduction in r.m.s. wavefront error of a Be compound refractive Lens (CRL) by a factor of six. The r.m.s. wavefront error is a figure of merit for the wavefront quality but, for X-ray lenses, with significant X-ray absorption, a form of the r.m.s. error with weighting proportional to the transmitted X-ray intensity has been proposed. The knife-edge imaging wavefront-sensing technique was adapted to measure rotationally variant wavefront errors from two different sets of Be CRL consisting of 98 and 24 lenses. The optical aberrations were then quantified using a Zernike polynomial expansion of the 2D wavefront error. The compensation by a rotationally invariant corrector plate was partial as the Be CRL wavefront error distribution was found to vary with polar angle indicating the presence of non-spherical aberration terms. A wavefront correction plate with rotationally anisotropic thickness is proposed to compensate for anisotropy in order to achieve good focusing by CRLs at beamlines operating at diffraction-limited storage rings.	Nov 2020
Optics	Fast convolution-based performance estimation method for diffraction-limited source with imperfect X-ray optics Lingfei Hu , John P. Sutter , Hongchang Wang Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 27 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577520012825 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Although optical element error analysis is always an important part of beamline design for highly coherent synchrotron radiation or free-electron laser sources, the usual wave optics simulation can be very time-consuming, which limits its application at the early stage of the beamline design. In this work, a new theoretical approach has been proposed for quick evaluations of the optical performance degradation due to optical element error. In this way, time-consuming detailed simulations can be applied only when truly necessary. This approach treats the imperfections as perturbations that convolve with the ideal performance. For simplicity, but not by necessity, the Gaussian Schell-model has been used to show the application of this theoretical approach. The influences of the finite aperture size and height error of a focusing mirror are analysed using the proposed theory. The physical explanation of the performance degradation acquired from the presented approach helps to give a better definition of the critical range of error spatial frequencies that most affect the performance of a mirror. An example comparing two mirror surface errors with identical power spectral density functions is given. These two types of mirror surface errors result in very different intensity profiles. The approach presented in this work could help beamline designers specify the error tolerances on general optical elements more accurately.	Nov 2020

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