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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Correlative full field X-ray Compton scattering imaging and X-ray computed tomography for in situ observation of Li ion batteries Chu Lun Alex Leung , Matthew D. Wilson , Thomas Connolley , Stephen P. Collins , Oxana V. Magdysyuk , Matthieu N. Boone , Kosuke Suzuki , Matthew C. Veale , Enzo Liotti , Frederic Van Assche , Andrew Lui , Chun Huang Materials Today Energy 306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2022.101224 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23400] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Increasing electrode thickness is gaining more attention as a potential route to increase energy density for Li ion batteries although the realizable capacity and rate capability are usually limited by Li+ ion diffusion during (dis)charge, especially at increased (dis)charge rates. It remains challenging to visualize and quantify the low atomic number Li+ chemical stoichiometry distribution inside the electrode within commercially standard battery geometry, e.g., coin cells with stainless steel casings. Here, we map the distribution of Li+ chemical stoichiometry in the electrode microstructure inside a working coin cell battery to show the amount of electrode materials contributing to energy storage performance using innovative in situ correlative full-field X-ray Compton scattering imaging (XCS-I) and X-ray computed tomography (XCT). We design and fabricate an ultra-thick (∼1 mm) cathode of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 with a microstructure containing vertically oriented pore arrays using a directional ice templating method. This novel technique paves a new way to map low atomic number elements in 3D structures and study how the microstructure improves Li+ ion diffusivity and energy storage performance.	Dec 2022
I13-1-Coherence	A red phosphorus-graphite composite as anode material for potassium-ion batteries Isaac Capone , Jack Aspinall , Hyeon Jeong Lee , Albert W. Xiao , Johannes Ihli , Mauro Pasta Materials Today Energy 12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100840 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [21960] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Red phosphorus (RP) is a promising anode material for potassium-ion batteries because of its theoretical capacity of 865 mAh g-1 delivered at an average potential of 0.5 V vs K+/K. However, its alloy reaction to form KP entails a volume expansion of 162% resulting in severe stresses that lead to SEI and electrode fracture, loss of electric contact, and ultimately reduced cycle life. Moreover, its low electronic conductivity (10-14 S cm-1) limits rate capability. Here, we report a RP-graphite composite prepared by a two step ball milling procedure to control particle size and optimize carbon coating. Raman operando on graphite in the composite suggests that the carbon coating reversibly expands and contracts due to the volume expansion of RP particles. Electrodes prepared with the composites achieve high capacity (723 mAh g-1P) at C/20 and retaining 75% at 5C. It also shows very good cycling stability, retaining more than 96% of the capacity after 100 cycles at 1C.	Aug 2021
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	A diamond gammavoltaic cell utilising surface conductivity and its response to different photon interaction mechanisms G. R. Mackenzie , S. Kaluvan , P. G. Martin , C. Hutson , T. Connolley , M. Cattelan , H. Dominguez-Andrade , T. I. Martin , N. A. Fox , T. B. Scott Materials Today Energy 87 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100688 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [24685] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: This paper presents a diamond gammavoltaic cell – a solid state device which converts gamma radiation into electricity - with a novel design and promising capabilities. Gammavoltaics pose a unique challenge among radiovoltaics due to the highly penetrating nature of gamma rays. Adapting existing radiovoltaic and dosimeter designs by increasing their thickness risks throttling the flowing current, due to an attendant increase in series resistance. The presented design partially decouples this relationship, by creating a low-coverage hydrogen-terminated collection volume around the device, exploiting the transfer doping effect. This paper proves that hydrogen termination is necessary for the gammavoltaism exhibited. Data are then presented from current-voltage curves taken using synchrotron radiation, over the range 50 – 150 keV. A drop in series resistance over the range is discovered, and linked to the transition from the photoelectric effect to Compton scattering. The cell produces an open-circuit voltage VOC = 0.8 V. Its short-circuit current ISC and maximum power Pmax are found to also depend on photon energy, reaching maxima at ∼ 150 keV, where ISC > 10 μA and Pmax > 3 μW, normalised in flux to 2 × 1011 γ.s-1. Groundwork is hence laid for developing this type of cell for micropower applications.	Feb 2021

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