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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
	X‐ray luminescence and thermally stimulated processes in CsI crystal Andriy Hrytsak , Mykola Rudko , Volodymyr Kapustianyk , Lilya Hrytsak , Vitaliy Mykhaylyk Physica Status Solidi (b) DOI: 10.1002/pssb.202300289 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray luminescence spectra, thermally stimulated luminescence and thermally stimulated conductivity of undoped CsI crystal were investigated in order to reach better understanding of the factors which govern the emission processes in this material. X-ray luminescence spectra were recorded in the temperature range from 15 to 293 K. The low energy band at 2.2 eV emerging at heating above 120 K has been assigned to the emission of residual impurities. Other two bands peaking at 3.6 and 4.3 eV at 15 K were attributed to the intrinsic emission of CsI due to the self-trapped excitons. The parameters of the peaks observed in the thermally stimulated luminescence and conductivity of CsI crystal were calculated. Investigations of the thermally stimulated processes in CsI lead to the conclusion that the increase of luminescence of 4.3 eV observed above 70 K is due to release of trapped electrons, which subsequently interact with Vk-centers and form on-center STEs. The considerable ionic conductivity observed above 250 K can be explained by influence of the uncontrolled impurities of divalent metal atoms as well as Na+ ions.	Aug 2023
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Structure of the surface region of stainless steel: bulk and thin films Debi Garai , Axel Wilson , Ilaria Carlomagno , Carlo Meneghini , Francesco Carla , Hadeel Hussain , Ajay Gupta , Jorg Zegenhagen Physica Status Solidi (b) DOI: 10.1002/pssb.202100513 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22710] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The surface region of austenitic stainless steel (SS) is investigated by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements, because its composition and structure is crucial for the corrosion resistance of SS. Grazing incidence XRPD of a polished AISI 304 bulk steel sample show that the near-surface structure is modified. The concentration of the ferrite phase of Fe, a typical minority phase in AISI 304, increases gradually from 10% to 30% when approaching the surface from 150 nm depth. XANES Fe K-edge investigations of ultra-thin, sputter deposited films also reveal much larger ferrite fractions than expected from the austenitic steel composition of the films. Reasons for the increased ferrite fraction in the surface region of bulk steel and thin films are discussed. However, right at the surface, the trend reverses. Analysis of XANES data for an ultra-thin, 4 nm SS film show that 80% of Fe is oxidized and 20% of metallic Fe is present only in austenite structure, suggesting that ferritic iron is preferentially subject to oxidation. The austenitic Fe is located at more than 2 - 3 nm below the surface where the Ni concentration is > 10%.	Feb 2022
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Structure of strained low‐dimensional Sb by in situ surface X‐ray diffraction Philip J. Mousley , Christopher W. Burrows , Chris Nicklin , Gavin R. Bell Physica Status Solidi (b) DOI: 10.1002/pssb.202100432 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13769] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Antimony ultra-thin films in tensile strain are grown on InAs(111)B substrates and studied in situ using surface X-ray diffraction. The detailed atomic structures of two highly crystalline Sb(0001) films are derived, with thicknesses of 19 and 4 bilayers. Features considered in structural modelling include interfacial intermixing, surface roughness, individual layer relaxations and rotational twin domains (RTDs). The 4-bilayer film shows significant structural relaxation in every layer, while both films include RTDs. The results are discussed in relation to the topological properties of low-dimensional Sb.	Jan 2022
B16-Test Beamline B18-Core EXAFS Optics	Swelling of steel film by hydrogen absorption at cathodic potential in electrolyte Debi Garai , Ilaria Carlomagno , Vladyslav Solokha , Axel Wilson , Carlo Meneghini , Christian Morawe , Vadim Murzin , Ajay Gupta , Jorg Zegenhagen Physica Status Solidi (b) 3 DOI: 10.1002/pssb.202000055 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: An ≈4 nm FeCrNi film, deposited on a Ru/B4C multilayer (ML), is used to study cathodic hydrogen charging in electrolyte. A thin film on a ML allows obtaining precise quantitative information on surface metal composition and oxidation state using the X‐ray standing wave technique combined with near‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The metal composition is found being close to the composition of stainless steel (SS) 304, and, as for bulk steel, the outer 2 nm passive layer, consisting of oxidized iron and chromium, is depleted of nickel. Overall, it is found that the film represented a useful replica of the surface of bulk steel. Following exposure to 0.1 m KCl electrolyte at −0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl, 11.3 (±3)% swelling of the film by hydrogen absorption is observed. The estimated absorbed amount is exceeding reported bulk absorption under similar conditions by more than an order of magnitude. Strong hydrogen absorption appears to be enabled by the 2D character of the thin film, i.e., a significantly lower associated strain energy compared with bulk absorption. The strong surface swelling is suggested to be related to the lowering of the pitting corrosion resistance of SS surfaces reported following hydrogen exposure.	Apr 2020
I05-ARPES	The role of spin-orbit coupling in the electronic structure of iron-based superconductors Sergey Borisenko , Daniil Evtushinsky , Zhonghao Liu , Igor Morozov , Rhea Kappenberger , Sabine Wurmehl , Bernd Büchner , Alexander Yaresko , Timur Kim , Moritz Hoesch , Thomas Wolf , Nikolai Zhigadlo Physica Status Solidi (b) 254 DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201600550 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10372, 11643] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is a fundamental interaction in solids that can induce a broad spectrum of unusual physical properties from topologically non-trivial insulating states to unconventional pairing in superconductors. In iron-based superconductors (IBS) its role has so far been considered insignificant with the models based on spin- or orbital fluctuations pairing being the most advanced in the field. In this review we discuss the recent direct observation of SOC by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).	Jan 2017
	Phonon broadening from supercell lattice dynamics: Random and correlated disorder Alistair R. Overy , Arkadiy Simonov , Philip A. Chater , Matthew G. Tucker , Andrew L. Goodwin Physica Status Solidi (b) DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201600586 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We demonstrate how supercell implementations of conventional lattice dynamical calculations can be used to determine the extent and nature of disorder-induced broadening in the phonon dispersion spectrum of disordered crystalline materials. The approach taken relies on band unfolding, and is first benchmarked against virtual crystal approximation phonon calculations. The different effects of mass and interaction disorder on the phonon broadening are then presented, focussing on the example of a simple cubic binary alloy. For the mass disorder example, the effect of introducing correlated disorder is also explored by varying the fraction of homoatomic and heteroatomic neighbors. Systematic progression in the degree of phonon broadening, on the one hand, and the form of the phonon dispersion curves from primitive to face-centered cubic type, on the other hand, is observed as homoatomic neighbors are disfavored. The implications for rationalizing selection rule violations in disordered materials and for using inelastic neutron scattering measurements as a means of characterizing disorder are discussed.	Nov 2016
	Luminescence and scintillation properties of CsI: A potential cryogenic scintillator V. B. Mikhailik , V. Kapustyanyk , V. Tsybulskyi , V. Rudyk , H. Kraus Physica Status Solidi (b) 252, 804 - 810 DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201451464 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Caesium iodide is one of the most extensively studied scintillators. Here, we present X-ray luminescence spectra, scintillation light output and decay curves as a function of temperature, from room temperature down to below 10 K. Features of the observed intrinsic luminescence are explained in terms of radiative recombination of on- and off-center STE. A model permitting interpretation of the dynamics of luminescence changes in CsI with temperature is suggested. This model includes adiabatic potential energy surfaces (APES) associated with singlet and triplet states of self-trapped excitons (STE) and explains the variation of the luminescence spectra with temperature as a result of re-distribution in the population between on- and off-center STE. The temperature dependence of the scintillation light yield is discussed in the framework of the Onsager mechanism.	Apr 2015
NONE-No attached Diamond beamline	Growth of Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 on amorphous fused silica by MBE L. J. Collins-Mcintyre , W. Wang , B. Zhou , S. C. Speller , Y. L. Chen , T. Hesjedal Physica Status Solidi (b) DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201552003 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Topological insulator (TI) thin films of Biinline imageSeinline image and Biinline imageTeinline image have been successfully grown on amorphous fused silica (vitreous SiOinline image) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. We find that such growth is possible and investigations by X-ray diffraction reveal good crystalline quality with a high degree of order along the c-axis. Atomic force microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray reflectivity are used to study the surface morphology and structural film parameters. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies confirm the existence of a topological surface state. This work shows that TI films can be grown on amorphous substrates, while maintaining the topological surface state despite the lack of in-plane rotational order of the domains. The growth on fused silica presents a promising route to detailed thermoelectric measurements of TI films, free from unwanted thermal, electrical, and piezoelectric influences from the substrate.	Jan 2015
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Mid-infrared (IR) - A hot topic: The potential for using mid-IR light for non-invasive early detection of skin cancer in vivo Angela Seddon Physica Status Solidi (b) 250 (5), 1020–-1027 DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201248524 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [7294, 8230, 8712] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: After an introduction to the mid-infrared (IR) spectral region, the tremendous significance of mid-IR spectroscopic sensing is highlighted. The remarkable progress made towards mid-IR spectral in vitro mapping of tissue and cancer detection is reviewed, with emphasis on diagnosis of skin cancer. The status quo of chalcogenide glass mid-IR fibre optics and photonics for meeting opportunities for remote mid-IR sensing in general, and in in vivo cancer detection in particular, is assessed. Raman spectroscopy is a sister technique to mid-IR spectroscopy. The current success of Raman spectroscopy in medical diagnosis is appraised, with particular emphasis on Raman spectral imaging of tissue towards skin cancer diagnosis in vivo, based on a silica-glass fibreoptic sensor-head. The challenges to be met in chalcogenide glass science and technology towards facilitating analogous fibreoptic diagnostics based on mid-IR spectroscopy are addressed.	May 2013
	Thermodynamic investigations in the precursor region of FeGe L. Cevey , H. Wilhelm , M. Schmidt , R. Lortz Physica Status Solidi (b) 250 (3), 650 - 653 DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201200632 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: High-resolution DC magnetization and AC-specific-heat data of the cubic helimagnet FeGe have been measured as function of temperature and magnetic field. The magnetization data as well as the isothermal susceptibility data confirm the complexity of the magnetic phase diagram in the vicinity of the onset of long-range magnetic order (Tc = 278.5 K) and the existence of a segmented A-phase region. Moreover, these data revealed independent and clear indications of phase boundaries and crossovers within the A-phase region. Together with the anomalies in the specific-heat data around Tc and at small magnetic fields (H < 600 Oe) a complex magnetic phase diagram of FeGe is obtained.	Mar 2013

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