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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Turn-on fluorescence chemical sensing through transformation of self-trapped exciton states at room temperature Yang Zhang , Samraj Mollick , Michele Tricarico , Jiahao Ye , Dylan A. Sherman , Jin-Chong Tan Acs Sensors DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00964 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27504] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Most of the current fluorescence sensing materials belong to the turn-off type, which make it hard to detect toxic substances such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) due to the lack of active chemical sites, thereby limiting their development and practical use. Herein, we show a guest–host mechanism stemming from the confined emitter’s self-trapped exciton (STE) states or electron–phonon coupling to achieve turn-on fluorescence. We designed a luminescent guest@metal–organic framework (LG@MOF) composite material, termed perylene@MIL-68(In), and established its E-type excimeric emission properties in the solid state. Upon exposure to BTX, especially xylene, we show that the E-excimer readily converts into the Y-excimer due to nanoconfinement of the MOF structure. Such a transformation elevates the fluorescence intensity, thus realizing a turn-on type fluorescent sensor for detecting BTX solvents. Our results further demonstrate that controlling the STE states of perylene at room temperature (vs the previous report of <50 K) is possible via nanoscale confinement, paving the way to enabling turn-on type luminescent sensors for engineering practical applications.	Aug 2022
B16-Test Beamline	Incomplete charge collection at inter-pixel gap in low- and high-flux cadmium zinc telluride pixel detectors Antonino Buttacavoli , Fabio Principato , Gaetano Gerardi , Donato Cascio , Giuseppe Raso , Manuele Bettelli , Andrea Zappettini , Paul Seller , Matthew Veale , Leonardo Abbene Sensors 22 DOI: 10.3390/s22041441 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20545] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The success of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors in room-temperature spectroscopic X-ray imaging is now widely accepted. The most common CZT detectors are characterized by enhanced-charge transport properties of electrons, with mobility-lifetime products μeτe > 10−2 cm2/V and μhτh > 10−5 cm2/V. These materials, typically termed low-flux LF-CZT, are successfully used for thick electron-sensing detectors and in low-flux conditions. Recently, new CZT materials with hole mobility-lifetime product enhancements (μhτh > 10−4 cm2/V and μeτe > 10−3 cm2/V) have been fabricated for high-flux measurements (high-flux HF-CZT detectors). In this work, we will present the performance and charge-sharing properties of sub-millimeter CZT pixel detectors based on LF-CZT and HF-CZT crystals. Experimental results from the measurement of energy spectra after charge-sharing addition (CSA) and from 2D X-ray mapping highlight the better charge-collection properties of HF-CZT detectors near the inter-pixel gaps. The successful mitigation of the effects of incomplete charge collection after CSA was also performed through original charge-sharing correction techniques. These activities exist in the framework of international collaboration on the development of energy-resolved X-ray scanners for medical applications and non-destructive testing in the food industry.	Feb 2022
B16-Test Beamline	Energy recovery of multiple charge sharing events in room temperature semiconductor pixel detectors Antonino Buttacavoli , Gaetano Gerardi , Fabio Principato , Marcello Mirabello , Donato Cascio , Giuseppe Raso , Manuele Bettelli , Andrea Zappettini , Paul Seller , Matthew Veale , Leonardo Abbene Sensors 21 DOI: 10.3390/s21113669 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20545] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Multiple coincidence events from charge-sharing and fluorescent cross-talk are typical drawbacks in room-temperature semiconductor pixel detectors. The mitigation of these distortions in the measured energy spectra, using charge-sharing discrimination (CSD) and charge-sharing addition (CSA) techniques, is always a trade-off between counting efficiency and energy resolution. The energy recovery of multiple coincidence events is still challenging due to the presence of charge losses after CSA. In this work, we will present original techniques able to correct charge losses after CSA even when multiple pixels are involved. Sub-millimeter cadmium–zinc–telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) pixel detectors were investigated with both uncollimated radiation sources and collimated synchrotron X rays, at energies below and above the K-shell absorption energy of the CZT material. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of energy-resolved photon counting (ERPC) systems for spectroscopic X-ray imaging up to 150 keV.	May 2021
I13-1-Coherence	The Spectral X-ray Imaging Data Acquisition (SpeXIDAQ) framework Frederic Van Assche , Sander Vanheule , Luc Van Hoorebeke , Matthieu N. Boone Sensors 21 DOI: 10.3390/s21020563 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19579, 21682] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Photon counting X-ray imagers have found their way into the mainstream scientific community in recent years, and have become important components in many scientific setups. These camera systems are in active development, with output data rates increasing significantly with every new generation of devices. A different class of PCD (Photon Counting Detector) devices has become generally available, where camera data output is no longer a matrix of photon counts but instead direct measurements of the deposited charge per pixel in every frame, which requires significant off-camera processing. This type of PCD, called a hyperspectral X-ray camera due to its fully spectroscopic output, yet again increases the demands put on the acquisition and processing backend. Not only are bandwidth requirements increased, but the need to do extensive data processing is also introduced with these hyperspectral PCD devices. To cope with these new developments the Spectral X-ray Imaging Data Acquisition framework (SpeXIDAQ) has been developed. All aspects of the imaging pipeline are handled by the SpeXIDAQ framework: from detector control and frame grabbing, to processing, storage and live visualisation during experiments.	Jan 2021
	Multimodal non-contact luminescence thermometry with Cr-doped oxides Vitaliy Mykhaylyk , Hans Kraus , Yaroslav Zhydachevskyy , Volodymyr Tsiumra , Andriy Luchechko , Armin Wagner , Andrzej Suchocki Sensors 20 DOI: 10.3390/s20185259 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Luminescence methods for non-contact temperature monitoring have evolved through improvements of hardware and sensor materials. Future advances in this field rely on the development of multimodal sensing capabilities of temperature probes and extend the temperature range across which they operate. The family of Cr-doped oxides appears particularly promising and we review their luminescence characteristics in light of their application in non-contact measurements of temperature over the 5–300 K range. Multimodal sensing utilizes the intensity ratio of emission lines, their wavelength shift, and the scintillation decay time constant. We carried out systematic studies of the temperature-induced changes in the luminescence of the Cr3+-doped oxides Al2O3, Ga2O3, Y3Al5O12, and YAlO3. The mechanism responsible for the temperature-dependent luminescence characteristic is discussed in terms of relevant models. It is shown that the thermally-induced processes of particle exchange, governing the dynamics of Cr3+ ion excited state populations, require low activation energy. This then translates into tangible changes of a luminescence parameter with temperature. We compare different schemes of temperature sensing and demonstrate that Ga2O3-Cr is a promising material for non-contact measurements at cryogenic temperatures. A temperature resolution better than ±1 K can be achieved by monitoring the luminescence intensity ratio (40–140 K) and decay time constant (80–300 K range).	Sep 2020
	Neutrons for cultural heritage - techniques, sensors, and detection Giulia Festa , Giovanni Romanelli , Roberto Senesi , Laura Arcidiacono , Claudia Scatigno , Stewart F. Parker , M. Paula M. Marques , Carla Andreani Sensors 20 DOI: 10.3390/s20020502 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Advances in research in Cultural Heritage see increasing application of a multidisciplinary approach and the combined use of physical and chemical characterization of artefacts that can be used to define their structure and their state of conservation, also providing valuable information in selecting the most suitable microclimatic conditions for the exhibition environment. This approach provides a platform for a synergic collaboration amongst researchers, restorers, conservators, and archaeologists. Existing state-of-the-art technologies for neutron-based methods are currently being applied to the study of objects of historical and cultural interest in several neutron-beam facilities around the world. Such techniques are non-invasive and non-destructive and are, therefore, ideal to provide structural information about artefacts, such as their composition, presence of alterations due to the environmental conditions, inclusions, structure of the bulk, manufacturing techniques, and elemental composition, which provide an overall fingerprint of the object's characteristics, thanks to the nature of the interaction of neutrons with matter. Here, we present an overview of the main neutron methods for the characterization of materials of interest in Cultural Heritage and we provide a brief introduction to the sensors and detectors that are used in this framework. We conclude with some case studies underlining the impact of these applications in different archaeological and historical contexts.	Jan 2020
Data acquisition	Pico-litre sample introduction and acoustic levitation systems for time resolved protein crystallography experiments at XFELS Peter Docker , Robert Morris , Michael Newton , Elizabeth Dye , James Kay , John Beale , Danny Axford , Allen Orville , Dave Stuart , Gabriel Leen Sensors & Transducers Journal 7, 39-45 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The system described in this work is a variant from traditional acoustic levitation first described by, Marzo et al. It uses multiple transducers eliminating the requirement for a mirror surface, allowing for an open geometry as the sound from multiple transducers combines to generate the acoustic trap which is configured to catch pico litres of crystal slurries. These acoustic traps also have the significant benefit of eliminating potential beam attenuation due to support structures or microfluidic devices. Additionally they meet the need to eliminate sample environments when experiments are carried out using an X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL) such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) as any sample environment would not survive the exposure to the X-Ray beam. XFELs generate Light a billion times brighter than the sun. The application for this system will be to examine turn over in Beta lactamase proteins which is responsible for bacteria developing antibiotic resistance and therefore of significant importance to future world health. The system will allow for diffraction data to be collected before and after turnover allowing for a better understanding of the underling processes. The authors first described this work at Nanotech 2017.	Jul 2017

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