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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I20-Scanning-X-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES)	A novel synthesis yielding macroporous CaFe2O4 sponges for solar energy conversion Andre Bloesser , Jana Timm , Hannah Kurz , Wolfgang Milius , Shusaku Hayama , Josef Breu , Birgit Weber , Roland Marschall Solar Rrl DOI: 10.1002/solr.201900570 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23538] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Phase‐pure and highly crystalline CaFe2O4 with a sponge‐like macroporous structure is synthesized for the first time via facile solution‐based microwave reaction and subsequent short thermal treatment. The formation mechanism of the orthorhombic phase (Pnma) and the pore network is investigated in detail and reveals a complex formation of this p‐type semiconductor. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy confirm the phase changes by altered magnetic properties. Furthermore, the optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the material were investigated. The material has a bandgap of 1.9 eV and sufficient band positions for water splitting. Valence‐to‐core X‐ray emission spectroscopy is used to support the band positions obtained from Mott–Schottky analysis. Photocathodes prepared from macroporous CaFe2O4 generate photocurrents under illumination with light of up to 600 nm.	Feb 2020
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Correlating three-dimensional morphology with function in PBDB-T:IT-M non-fullerene organic solar cells Wei Li , Jinlong Cai , Yu Yan , Feilong Cai , Sunsun Li , Robert S. Gurney , Dan Liu , James D. Mcgettrick , Trystan M. Watson , Zhe Li , Andrew J. Pearson , David G. Lidzey , Jianhui Hou , Tao Wang Solar Rrl 12 DOI: 10.1002/solr.201800114 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17223] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this work, the correlation between three‐dimensional morphology and device performance of PBDB‐T:IT‐M non‐fullerene organic solar cells is investigated. We found that a PBDB‐T‐rich top layer formed when the PBDB‐T:IT‐M film is cast on PEDOT:PSS, indicating a vertical component distribution that will hinder electron transport toward the cathode in a conventional device. This PBDB‐T‐rich top layer remained upon low‐temperature annealing at 80 °C, but disappeared when the annealing temperature is raised, resulting in an optimum annealing temperature of 160 °C for conventional devices as the removal of this polymer‐rich layer facilitates electron transport toward the top cathode layer. The PBDB‐T‐rich layer is also found in the surface region of the PBDB‐T:IT‐M film cast on a TiO2 substrate, but in this case it remained after thermal annealing at 80 or 160 °C, leading to a favorable vertical stratification for efficient charge collection in inverted devices. Although thermal annealing can enhance the crystallinity of PBDB‐T:IT‐M blend and lead to improved charge mobility, the correlation length of the PBDB‐T component increased excessively under annealing at 160 °C. Further, the packing of IT‐M clusters became loose upon high temperature annealing, an effect we believe results in more diffuse interfaces with PBDB‐T that result in reduced charge separation efficiency, consequently reducing the short‐circuit current in the inverted devices.	Jun 2018

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