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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
B07-B1-Versatile Soft X-ray beamline: High Throughput ES1	Unraveling precise locations of indium atoms in g-C3N4 for ameliorating hydrogen peroxide piezo-photogeneration Nguyen Hoai Anh , Duc-Viet Nguyen , Tuyen Anh Luu , Pham Duc Minh Phan , Huynh Phuoc Toan , Pho Phuong Ly , Nguyen Quang Hung , Ngoc Linh Nguyen , Seung Hyun Hur , Pham Thi Hue , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Hue , Minh-Thuan Pham , Thuy Dieu Thi Ung , Do Danh Bich , Vinh-Ai Dao , Huan V. Doan , Mark Isaacs , Minh Chien Nguyen , Woo Jong Yu , Yen-Yi Lee , Guo-Ping Chang-Chien , Hoai-Thanh Vuong Solar Rrl DOI: 10.1002/solr.202400034 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [38912] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Increasing active sites in catalysts is of utmost importance for catalytic processes. In this regime, single-atom dispersing on graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) to produce fine chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is of current interest due to not only enhancing catalytic performance but also reducing the loading of necessary metals. Hence, we, in this research, engineered g-C3N4 by atomically dispersing aluminum (Al) or indium (In) sites to provide catalytic active centers via one-step thermal shock polymerization. The addition of Al and In sites can accelerate the catalytic efficacy owing to the Lewis acid-base interactions between these metals and oxygen (O2). Under catalytic conditions, the formation of oxygenic radicals would strongly be associated with the enhanced formation of H2O2, confirmed by in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the empirical analyses from positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) show that In atoms would occupy the near positions of carbon vacancies (VC) to form N-VC@In-O bonds. This replacement would produce the highest formation energy based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, improving the stability of atom-dispersive materials. Therefore, via the combination of experimental and theoretical proofs, this study suggests the exact location of In atoms in g-C3N4 structures, which can help boost the catalytic production of H2O2.	Apr 2024
I13-1-Coherence	Freestanding ultrathin precisely structured hierarchical porous carbon blackbody film for efficient solar interfacial evaporation Fenghua Liu , Yunjiao Gu , Yigu Hu , Zan Wang , Yuesheng Ning , Robert Brandly , Deyuan Lou , Binyuan Zhao , Weiping Wu Solar Rrl DOI: 10.1002/solr.202200803 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [25873, 25442] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Solar energy powered interfacial evaporation is the most meaningful strategy for energy utilization, water desalination and mineral purification. It can achieve high efficiency, low-density energy and sustainable harvest and utilization. However, the microstructure and surface/interface design still lead to a balance between solar-thermal conversion, water conduction and thermal management, which also determines the efficiency of photothermal interfacial evaporation. Here, a free-standing, ultra-thin carbon film with a tunable nanopore diameter was prepared and used as a blackbody layer for solar photothermal evaporation. By the three-dimensional reconstruction methods, the effect of pore structure on interfacial evaporation is systematically studied. HPCF with an average pore size of about 300 nm exhibited outstanding photothermal evaporation performance, reaching up to 1.96 kg m−2 h−1 with excellent stability. Ultra-hydrophobic, optically enhanced absorption graphene array is constructed on the carbon film surface through femtosecond laser nano processing, further increasing the evaporation rate to 2.12 kg m−2 h−1 (1 sun) and 5.55 kg m−2 h−1 (3 suns).	Oct 2022
I20-Scanning-X-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES)	A novel synthesis yielding macroporous CaFe2O4 sponges for solar energy conversion Andre Bloesser , Jana Timm , Hannah Kurz , Wolfgang Milius , Shusaku Hayama , Josef Breu , Birgit Weber , Roland Marschall Solar Rrl DOI: 10.1002/solr.201900570 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23538] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Phase‐pure and highly crystalline CaFe2O4 with a sponge‐like macroporous structure is synthesized for the first time via facile solution‐based microwave reaction and subsequent short thermal treatment. The formation mechanism of the orthorhombic phase (Pnma) and the pore network is investigated in detail and reveals a complex formation of this p‐type semiconductor. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy confirm the phase changes by altered magnetic properties. Furthermore, the optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the material were investigated. The material has a bandgap of 1.9 eV and sufficient band positions for water splitting. Valence‐to‐core X‐ray emission spectroscopy is used to support the band positions obtained from Mott–Schottky analysis. Photocathodes prepared from macroporous CaFe2O4 generate photocurrents under illumination with light of up to 600 nm.	Feb 2020
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Correlating three-dimensional morphology with function in PBDB-T:IT-M non-fullerene organic solar cells Wei Li , Jinlong Cai , Yu Yan , Feilong Cai , Sunsun Li , Robert S. Gurney , Dan Liu , James D. Mcgettrick , Trystan M. Watson , Zhe Li , Andrew J. Pearson , David G. Lidzey , Jianhui Hou , Tao Wang Solar Rrl 12 DOI: 10.1002/solr.201800114 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17223] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this work, the correlation between three‐dimensional morphology and device performance of PBDB‐T:IT‐M non‐fullerene organic solar cells is investigated. We found that a PBDB‐T‐rich top layer formed when the PBDB‐T:IT‐M film is cast on PEDOT:PSS, indicating a vertical component distribution that will hinder electron transport toward the cathode in a conventional device. This PBDB‐T‐rich top layer remained upon low‐temperature annealing at 80 °C, but disappeared when the annealing temperature is raised, resulting in an optimum annealing temperature of 160 °C for conventional devices as the removal of this polymer‐rich layer facilitates electron transport toward the top cathode layer. The PBDB‐T‐rich layer is also found in the surface region of the PBDB‐T:IT‐M film cast on a TiO2 substrate, but in this case it remained after thermal annealing at 80 or 160 °C, leading to a favorable vertical stratification for efficient charge collection in inverted devices. Although thermal annealing can enhance the crystallinity of PBDB‐T:IT‐M blend and lead to improved charge mobility, the correlation length of the PBDB‐T component increased excessively under annealing at 160 °C. Further, the packing of IT‐M clusters became loose upon high temperature annealing, an effect we believe results in more diffuse interfaces with PBDB‐T that result in reduced charge separation efficiency, consequently reducing the short‐circuit current in the inverted devices.	Jun 2018

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