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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Use of synchrotron X-rays for direct observation of wear damage in optically-opaque contacts by means of CT imaging and X-ray diffraction J. Aleksejev , M. Williamson , J. E. Huber , O. V. Magdysyuk , S. Michalik , T. J. Marrow Tribology International vol. 470 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107809 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27537] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In a simulated in-situ experiment annular contacts of 6082-T6 aluminium alloy were first exposed to various degrees of fretting wear, before synchrotron X-ray CT and diffraction were applied to examine the extent and development of wear damage. The wear volumes measured and development of the wear rate were consistent with the mathematical wear model of Fillot, Iordanoff & Berthier. Thickness and porosity of the worn zone were measured and the contact area between wearing elements estimated. Developments of residual strain and tribologically transformed structure were investigated through X-ray diffraction. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the value and viability of observing and quantifying wear through combination of X-ray CT and diffraction opening a path towards in-situ observations of wear.	Jul 2022
I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy	Tribochemistry evolution of DDP tribofilms over time using in-situ synchrotron XAS Abdel Dorgham , Pourya Parsaeian , Abdullah Azam , Chun Wang , Konstantin Ignatyev , Fred Mosselmans , Ardian Morina , Anne Neville Tribology International 160 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107026 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [18814] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Ashless dialkyldithiophosphate (DDP) antiwear additives are good candidates to replace the widely used metallic DDPs such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), which are less environmentally friendly. A newly designed in-situ tribological rig was utilised to perform in-situ synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in order to examine the decomposition reactions of two types of DDPs; acidic and neutral. The tribological experiments showed that the two DDP additives decomposed to form protective tribofilms on the steel surface, which provided better antiwear protection than ZDDP regardless of the tribofilm thickness. The neutral DDP formed a thinner tribofilm (about 33 nm) than ZDDP (about 41 nm), whereas the tribofilm of the acidic DDP had a much lower thickness (<7 nm) but more superior antiwear protection. The two DDPs also provided lower friction coefficient (<0.1) than the 0.12 provided by ZDDP. The XAS experiments suggest that the DDPs decompose to form initially iron sulphate, which is quickly reduced to sulphide before forming the phosphate layers of the protective tribofilm. These layers consisted initially of iron phosphate of short chains but as rubbing continued organic phosphate with long chains started to form.	Aug 2021
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Measurement of strain evolution in overloaded roller bearings using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction A. Reid , C. Simpson , I. Martinez , S. Kabra , T. Connolley , O. Magdysyuk , C. Charlesworth , M. Marshall , M. Mostafavi Tribology International 140 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2019.105893 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [18468] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: There are several mechanisms contributing towards detrimental damage in wind turbine gearbox bearings, with sudden overload events believed to reduce their expected operational life. The generation of subsurface plasticity, followed by rolling contact fatigue, may lead to the initiation of either surface or subsurface cracking. This study presents a novel technique capable of measuring subsurface strain evolution in a rotating roller bearing, using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. A pre-overloaded bearing was tested dynamically and consequently failed prematurely, supporting the hypothesis that overloads accelerate bearing failure. Throughout the test, an increase in compressive radial strain was observed, indicative of material softening, generally associated with the unstable stage of rolling contact fatigue, which occurs prior to definitive bearing failure.	Dec 2019

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