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38 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
	An expanded trove of fragment-bound structures for the allosteric enzyme PTP1B from computational reanalysis of large-scale crystallographic data Tamar Mehlman , Helen M. Ginn , Daniel A. Keedy Structure 65 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.05.010 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Due to their low binding affinities, detecting small-molecule fragments bound to protein structures from crystallographic datasets has been a challenge. Here, we report a trove of 65 new fragment hits for PTP1B, an “undruggable” therapeutic target enzyme for diabetes and cancer. These structures were obtained from computational analysis of data from a large crystallographic screen, demonstrating the power of this approach to elucidate many (∼50% more) “hidden” ligand-bound states of proteins. Our new structures include a fragment hit found in a novel binding site in PTP1B with a unique location relative to the active site, one that links adjacent allosteric sites, and, perhaps most strikingly, a fragment that induces long-range allosteric protein conformational responses. Altogether, our research highlights the utility of computational analysis of crystallographic data, makes publicly available dozens of new ligand-bound structures of a high-value drug target, and identifies novel aspects of ligandability and allostery in PTP1B.	Jun 2024
I03-Macromolecular Crystallography	A structure-function analysis shows SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 balances antibody escape and ACE2 affinity Chang Liu , Daming Zhou , Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc , Piyada Supasa , Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn , Helen M. Ginn , Muneeswaran Selvaraj , Alexander J. Mentzer , Raksha Das , Thushan I. De Silva , Thomas G. Ritter , Megan Plowright , Thomas A.h. Newman , Lizzie Stafford , Barbara Kronsteiner , Nigel Temperton , Yuan Lui , Martin Fellermeyer , Philip Goulder , Paul Klenerman , Susanna J. Dunachie , Michael I. Barton , Mikhail A. Kutuzov , Omer Dushek , Elizabeth E. Fry , Juthathip Mongkolsapaya , Jingshan Ren , David I. Stuart , Gavin R. Screaton Cell Reports Medicine 376 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101553 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [28534, 27009] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: BA.2.86, a recently described sublineage of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, contains many mutations in the spike gene. It appears to have originated from BA.2 and is distinct from the XBB variants responsible for many infections in 2023. The global spread and plethora of mutations in BA.2.86 has caused concern that it may possess greater immune-evasive potential, leading to a new wave of infection. Here, we examine the ability of BA.2.86 to evade the antibody response to infection using a panel of vaccinated or naturally infected sera and find that it shows marginally less immune evasion than XBB.1.5. We locate BA.2.86 in the antigenic landscape of recent variants and look at its ability to escape panels of potent monoclonal antibodies generated against contemporary SARS-CoV-2 infections. We demonstrate, and provide a structural explanation for, increased affinity of BA.2.86 to ACE2, which may increase transmissibility.	May 2024
I24-Microfocus Macromolecular Crystallography	An ultraviolet-driven rescue pathway for oxidative stress to eye lens protein human gamma-D crystallin Jake A. Hill , Yvonne Nyathi , Sam Horrell , David Von Stetten , Danny Axford , Robin L. Owen , Godfrey S. Beddard , Arwen R. Pearson , Helen M. Ginn , Briony Yorke Communications Chemistry 7 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01163-w Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27314] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Human gamma-D crystallin (HGD) is a major constituent of the eye lens. Aggregation of HGD contributes to cataract formation, the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is unique in its longevity, maintaining its folded and soluble state for 50-60 years. One outstanding question is the structural basis of this longevity despite oxidative aging and environmental stressors including ultraviolet radiation (UV). Here we present crystallographic structures evidencing a UV-induced crystallin redox switch mechanism. The room-temperature serial synchrotron crystallographic (SSX) structure of freshly prepared crystallin mutant (R36S) shows no post-translational modifications. After aging for nine months in the absence of light, a thiol-adduct (dithiothreitol) modifying surface cysteines is observed by low-dose SSX. This is shown to be UV-labile in an acutely light-exposed structure. This suggests a mechanism by which a major source of crystallin damage, UV, may also act as a rescuing factor in a finely balanced redox system.	Apr 2024
I03-Macromolecular Crystallography	Rapid escape of new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants from BA.2 directed antibody responses Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc , Raksha Das , Daming Zhou , Helen M. Ginn , Chang Liu , Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn , Jiandong Huo , Rungtiwa Nutalai , Piyada Supasa , Muneeswaran Selvaraj , Thushan I. De Silva , Megan Plowright , Thomas A. H. Newman , Hailey Hornsby , Alexander J. Mentzer , Donal Skelly , Thomas G. Ritter , Nigel Temperton , Paul Klenerman , Eleanor Barnes , Susanna J. Dunachie , Cornelius Roemer , Thomas P. Peacock , Neil G. Paterson , Mark A. Williams , David R. Hall , Elizabeth E. Fry , Juthathip Mongkolsapaya , Jingshan Ren , David I. Stuart , Gavin R. Screaton Cell Reports DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112271 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27009] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In November 2021 Omicron BA.1, containing a raft of new spike mutations emerged and quickly spread globally. Intense selection pressure to escape the antibody response produced by vaccines or SARS-CoV-2 infection then led to a rapid succession of Omicron sub-lineages with waves of BA.2 then BA.4/5 infection. Recently, many variants have emerged such as BQ.1 and XBB, which carry up to 8 additional RBD amino-acid substitutions compared to BA.2. We describe a panel of 25 potent mAbs generated from vaccinees suffering BA.2 breakthrough infections. Epitope mapping shows potent mAb binding shifting to 3 clusters, 2 corresponding to early-pandemic binding hotspots. The RBD mutations in recent variants map close to these binding sites and knock out or severely knock down neutralization activity of all but 1 potent mAb. This recent mAb escape corresponds with large falls in neutralization titre of vaccine or BA.1, BA.2 or BA.4/5 immune serum.	Mar 2023
	Torsion angles to map and visualize the conformational space of a protein Helen M. Ginn Protein Science DOI: 10.1002/pro.4608 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Present understanding of protein structure dynamics trails behind that of static structures. A torsion-angle based approach, called representation of protein entities (RoPE), derives an interpretable conformational space which correlates with data collection temperature, resolution and reaction coordinate. For more complex systems, atomic coordinates fail to separate functional conformational states, which are still preserved by torsion angle-derived space. This indicates that torsion angles are often a more sensitive and biologically relevant descriptor for protein conformational dynamics than atomic coordinates.	Feb 2023
	Antiviral activity of natural phenolic compounds in complex at an allosteric site of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease Vasundara Srinivasan , Hévila Brognaro , Prince R. Prabhu , Edmarcia Elisa De Souza , Sebastian Günther , Patrick Y. A. Reinke , Thomas J. Lane , Helen Ginn , Huijong Han , Wiebke Ewert , Janina Sprenger , Faisal H. M. Koua , Sven Falke , Nadine Werner , Hina Andaleeb , Najeeb Ullah , Bruno Alves Franca , Mengying Wang , Angélica Luana C. Barra , Markus Perbandt , Martin Schwinzer , Christina Schmidt , Lea Brings , Kristina Lorenzen , Robin Schubert , Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado , Erika Donizette Candido , Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira , Edison Luiz Durigon , Stephan Niebling , Angelica Struve Garcia , Oleksandr Yefanov , Julia Lieske , Luca Gelisio , Martin Domaracky , Philipp Middendorf , Michael Groessler , Fabian Trost , Marina Galchenkova , Aida Rahmani Mashhour , Sofiane Saouane , Johanna Hakanpää , Markus Wolf , Maria Garcia Alai , Dusan Turk , Arwen R. Pearson , Henry N. Chapman , Winfried Hinrichs , Carsten Wrenger , Alke Meents , Christian Betzel Communications Biology 5 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03737-7 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) covers multiple functions. Beside the cysteine-protease activity, facilitating cleavage of the viral polypeptide chain, PLpro has the additional and vital function of removing ubiquitin and ISG15 (Interferon-stimulated gene 15) from host-cell proteins to support coronaviruses in evading the host’s innate immune responses. We identified three phenolic compounds bound to PLpro, preventing essential molecular interactions to ISG15 by screening a natural compound library. The compounds identified by X-ray screening and complexed to PLpro demonstrate clear inhibition of PLpro in a deISGylation activity assay. Two compounds exhibit distinct antiviral activity in Vero cell line assays and one inhibited a cytopathic effect in non-cytotoxic concentration ranges. In the context of increasing PLpro mutations in the evolving new variants of SARS-CoV-2, the natural compounds we identified may also reinstate the antiviral immune response processes of the host that are down-regulated in COVID-19 infections.	Aug 2022
I03-Macromolecular Crystallography	Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 from vaccine and BA.1 serum Aekkachai Tuekprakhon , Jiandong Huo , Rungtiwa Nutalai , Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc , Daming Zhou , Helen M. Ginn , Muneeswaran Selvaraj , Chang Liu , Alexander J. Mentzer , Piyada Supasa , Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn , Raksha Das , Donal Skelly , Thomas G. Ritter , Ali Amini , Sagida Bibi , Sandra Adele , Sile Ann Johnson , Bede Constantinides , Hermione Webster , Nigel Temperton , Paul Klenerman , Eleanor Barnes , Susanna J. Dunachie , Derrick Crook , Andrew J. Pollard , Teresa Lambe , Philip Goulder , Neil G. Paterson , Mark A. Williams , David R. Hall , Elizabeth E. Fry , Juthathip Mongkolsapaya , Jingshan Ren , David I. Stuart , Gavin R. Screaton , Christopher Conlon , Alexandra Deeks , John Frater , Lisa Frending , Siobhan Gardiner , Anni Jämsén , Katie Jeffery , Tom Malone , Eloise Phillips , Lucy Rothwell , Lizzie Stafford Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.005 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27009] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The Omicron lineage of SARS-CoV-2, first described in November 2021, spread rapidly to become globally dominant and has split into a number of sub-lineages. BA.1 dominated the initial wave but has been replaced by BA.2 in many countries. Recent sequencing from South Africa’s Gauteng region uncovered two new sub-lineages, BA.4 and BA.5 which are taking over locally, driving a new wave. BA.4 and BA.5 contain identical spike sequences and, although closely related to BA.2, contain further mutations in the receptor binding domain of spike. Here, we study the neutralization of BA.4/5 using a range of vaccine and naturally immune serum and panels of monoclonal antibodies. BA.4/5 shows reduced neutralization by serum from triple AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccinated individuals compared to BA.1 and BA.2. Furthermore, using serum from BA.1 vaccine breakthrough infections there are likewise, significant reductions in the neutralization of BA.4/5, raising the possibility of repeat Omicron infections.	Jun 2022
I03-Macromolecular Crystallography I04-Macromolecular Crystallography Krios I-Titan Krios I at Diamond	Potent cross-reactive antibodies following Omicron breakthrough in vaccinees Rungtiwa Nutalai , Daming Zhou , Aekkachai Tuekprakhon , Helen M. Ginn , Piyada Supasa , Chang Liu , Jiandong Huo , Alexander J. Mentzer , Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn , Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc , Donal Skelly , Thomas G. Ritter , Ali Amini , Sagida Bibi , Sandra Adele , Sile Ann Johnson , Bede Constantinides , Hermione Webster , Nigel Temperton , Paul Klenerman , Eleanor Barnes , Susanna J. Dunachie , Derrick Crook , Andrew J. Pollard , Teresa Lambe , Philip Goulder , Neil G. Paterson , Mark A. Williams , David R. Hall , Juthathip Mongkolsapaya , Elizabeth E. Fry , Wanwisa Dejnirattisai , Jingshan Ren , David I. Stuart , Gavin R. Screaton , Christopher Conlon , Alexandra Deeks , John Frater , Lisa Frending , Siobhan Gardiner , Anni Jämsén , Katie Jeffery , Tom Malone , Eloise Phillips , Lucy Rothwell , Lizzie Stafford Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.014 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27009, 26983] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Highly transmissible Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 currently dominate globally. Here, we compare neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1 and BA.2. BA.2 RBD has slightly higher ACE2 affinity than BA.1 and slightly reduced neutralization by vaccine serum, possibly associated with its increased transmissibility. Neutralization differences between sub-lineages for mAbs (including therapeutics) mostly arise from variation in residues bordering the ACE2 binding site, however, more distant mutations S371F (BA.2) and R346K (BA.1.1) markedly reduce neutralization by therapeutic antibody Vir-S309. In-depth structure-and-function analyses of 27 potent RBD-binding mAbs isolated from vaccinated volunteers following breakthrough Omicron-BA.1 infection reveals that they are focussed in two main clusters within the RBD, with potent right-shoulder antibodies showing increased prevalence. Selection and somatic maturation have optimized antibody potency in less-mutated epitopes and recovered potency in highly mutated epitopes. All 27 mAbs potently neutralize early pandemic strains and many show broad reactivity with variants of concern.	May 2022
I03-Macromolecular Crystallography	SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses Wanwisa Dejnirattisai , Jiandong Huo , Daming Zhou , Jiří Zahradník , Piyada Supasa , Chang Liu , Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn , Helen M. Ginn , Alexander J. Mentzer , Aekkachai Tuekprakhon , Rungtiwa Nutalai , Beibei Wang , Aiste Dijokaite , Suman Khan , Ori Avinoam , Mohammad Bahar , Donal Skelly , Sandra Adele , Sile Ann Johnson , Ali Amini , Thomas Ritter , Chris Mason , Christina Dold , Daniel Pan , Sara Assadi , Adam Bellass , Nikki Omo-Dare , David Koeckerling , Amy Flaxman , Daniel Jenkin , Parvinder K. Aley , Merryn Voysey , Sue Ann Costa Clemens , Felipe Gomes Naveca , Valdinete Nascimento , Fernanda Nascimento , Cristiano Fernandes Da Costa , Paola Cristina Resende , Alex Pauvolid-Correa , Marilda M. Siqueira , Vicky Baillie , Natali Serafin , Gaurav Kwatra , Kelly Da Silva , Shabir A. Madhi , Marta C. Nunes , Tariq Malik , Peter J. M. Openshaw , J. Kenneth Baillie , Malcolm G. Semple , Alain R. Townsend , Kuan-Ying A. Huang , Tiong Kit Tan , Miles W. Carroll , Paul Klenerman , Eleanor Barnes , Susanna J. Dunachie , Bede Constantinides , Hermione Webster , Derrick Crook , Andrew J. Pollard , Teresa Lambe , Neil G. Paterson , Mark A. Williams , David R. Hall , Elizabeth E. Fry , Juthathip Mongkolsapaya , Jingshan Ren , Gideon Schreiber , David I. Stuart , Gavin R. Screaton Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.046 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27009] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: On the 24th November 2021 the sequence of a new SARS CoV-2 viral isolate Omicron-B.1.1.529 was announced, containing far more mutations in Spike (S) than previously reported variants. Neutralization titres of Omicron by sera from vaccinees and convalescent subjects infected with early pandemic as well as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta are substantially reduced or fail to neutralize. Titres against Omicron are boosted by third vaccine doses and are high in cases both vaccinated and infected by Delta. Mutations in Omicron knock out or substantially reduce neutralization by most of a large panel of potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under commercial development. Omicron S has structural changes from earlier viruses, combining mutations conferring tight binding to ACE2 to unleash evolution driven by immune escape, leading to a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site which rebalance receptor affinity to that of early pandemic viruses.	Jan 2022
I03-Macromolecular Crystallography	Structures and therapeutic potential of anti-RBD human monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Kuan-Ying A. Huang , Daming Zhou , Tiong Kit Tan , Charles Chen , Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn , Yuguang Zhao , Helen M. Ginn , Ling Qin , Pramila Rijal , Lisa Schimanski , Robert Donat , Adam Harding , Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo , William James , Julia A. Tree , Karen Buttigieg , Miles Carroll , Sue Charlton , Chia-En Lien , Meei-Yun Lin , Cheng-Pin Chen , Shu-Hsing Cheng , Xiaorui Chen , Tzou-Yien Lin , Elizabeth E. Fry , Jingshan Ren , Che Ma , Alain R. Townsend , David I. Stuart Theranostics DOI: 10.7150/thno.65563 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27009] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Background: Administration of potent anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) monoclonal antibodies has been shown to curtail viral shedding and reduce hospitalization in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the structure-function analysis of potent human anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies and its links to the formulation of antibody cocktails remains largely elusive. Methods: Previously, we isolated a panel of neutralizing anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies from convalescent patients and showed their neutralization efficacy in vitro. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of action of antibodies and dissect antibodies at the epitope level, which leads to a formation of a potent antibody cocktail. Results: We found that representative antibodies which target non-overlapping epitopes are effective against wild type virus and recently emerging variants of concern, whilst being encoded by antibody genes with few somatic mutations. Neutralization is associated with the inhibition of binding of viral RBD to ACE2 and possibly of the subsequent fusion process. Structural analysis of representative antibodies, by cryo-electron microscopy and crystallography, reveals that they have some unique aspects that are of potential value while sharing some features in common with previously reported neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. For instance, one has a common VH 3-53 public variable region yet is unusually resilient to mutation at residue 501 of the RBD. We evaluate the in vivo efficacy of an antibody cocktail consisting of two potent non-competing anti-RBD antibodies in a Syrian hamster model. We demonstrate that the cocktail prevents weight loss, reduces lung viral load and attenuates pulmonary inflammation in hamsters in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Although neutralization of one of these antibodies is abrogated by the mutations of variant B.1.351, it is also possible to produce a bi-valent cocktail of antibodies both of which are resilient to variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and B.1.617.2. Conclusions: These findings support the up-to-date and rational design of an anti-RBD antibody cocktail as a therapeutic candidate against COVID-19.	Nov 2021

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