Optics
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Open Access
Abstract: The design of X-ray optics based on diffraction from crystals depends on the accurate calculation of the structure factors of their Bragg reflections over a wide range of temperatures. In general, the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters, the atomic positions and the atomic thermal vibrations is both anisotropic and nonlinear. Implemented here is a software package for precise and flexible calculation of structure factors for dynamical diffraction. α-Quartz is used as an example because it presents the challenges mentioned above and because it is being considered for use in high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. The package is designed to be extended easily to other crystals by adding new material files, which are kept separate from the package's stable core. Python 3 was chosen as the language to allow the easy integration of this code into existing packages. The importance of a correct anisotropic treatment of the atomic thermal vibrations is demonstrated by comparison with an isotropic Debye model. Discrepancies between the two models can be as much as 5% for strong reflections and considerably larger (even to the level of 100%) for weak reflections. A script for finding Bragg reflections that backscatter X-rays of a given energy within a given temperature range is demonstrated. The package and example scripts are available on request. Also discussed, in detail, are the various conventions related to the proper description of chiral quartz.
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Aug 2022
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DIAD-Dual Imaging and Diffraction Beamline
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Christina
Reinhard
,
Michael
Drakopoulos
,
Sharif I.
Ahmed
,
Hans
Deyhle
,
Andrew
James
,
Christopher M.
Charlesworth
,
Martin
Burt
,
John
Sutter
,
Steven
Alexander
,
Peter
Garland
,
Thomas
Yates
,
Russell
Marshall
,
Ben
Kemp
,
Edmund
Warrick
,
Armando
Pueyos
,
Ben
Bradnick
,
Maurizio
Nagni
,
A. Douglas
Winter
,
Jacob
Filik
,
Mark
Basham
,
Nicola
Wadeson
,
Oliver N. F.
King
,
Navid
Aslani
,
Andrew J.
Dent
Open Access
Abstract: The Dual Imaging and Diffraction (DIAD) beamline at Diamond Light Source is a new dual-beam instrument for full-field imaging/tomography and powder diffraction. This instrument provides the user community with the capability to dynamically image 2D and 3D complex structures and perform phase identification and/or strain mapping using micro-diffraction. The aim is to enable in situ and in operando experiments that require spatially correlated results from both techniques, by providing measurements from the same specimen location quasi-simultaneously. Using an unusual optical layout, DIAD has two independent beams originating from one source that operate in the medium energy range (7–38 keV) and are combined at one sample position. Here, either radiography or tomography can be performed using monochromatic or pink beam, with a 1.4 mm × 1.2 mm field of view and a feature resolution of 1.2 µm. Micro-diffraction is possible with a variable beam size between 13 µm × 4 µm and 50 µm × 50 µm. One key functionality of the beamline is image-guided diffraction, a setup in which the micro-diffraction beam can be scanned over the complete area of the imaging field-of-view. This moving beam setup enables the collection of location-specific information about the phase composition and/or strains at any given position within the image/tomography field of view. The dual beam design allows fast switching between imaging and diffraction mode without the need of complicated and time-consuming mode switches. Real-time selection of areas of interest for diffraction measurements as well as the simultaneous collection of both imaging and diffraction data of (irreversible) in situ and in operando experiments are possible.
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Nov 2021
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Data acquisition
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A. D.
Parsons
,
S.
Ahmed
,
M.
Basham
,
D.
Bond
,
B.
Bradnick
,
M.
Burt
,
T.
Cobb
,
N.
Dougan
,
M.
Drakopoulos
,
F.
Ferner
,
J.
Filik
,
C.
Forrester
,
L.
Hudson
,
P.
Joyce
,
B.
Kaulich
,
A.
Kavva
,
J.
Kelly
,
J.
Mudd
,
B.
Nutter
,
P.
Quinn
,
K.
Ralphs
,
C.
Reinhard
,
J.
Shannon
,
M.
Taylor
,
T.
Trafford
,
X.
Tran
,
E.
Warrick
,
A.
Wilson
,
A. D.
Winter
Open Access
Abstract: We present a beamline analogue, capable of system pro- totyping, integrated development and testing, specifically designed to provide a facility for full scientific testing of instrument prototypes. With an identical backend to real beamline instruments the P99 development rig has allowed increased confidence and troubleshooting ahead of final scientific commissioning. We present detail of the software and hardware components of this environment and how these have been used to develop functionality for the new operational instruments. We present several high impact examples of such integrated prototyping development in- cluding the instrumentation for DIAD (integrated Dual Im- aging And Diffraction) and the J08 (Soft X-ray ptychogra- phy) beamline end station.
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Oct 2019
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Open Access
Abstract: Diamond Light Source is the UK's national synchrotron facility, entering user operation in 2007 with seven beamlines. With 33 operational beamlines, it has delivered user operations for over 10 years. During this time, Diamond has had to adapt its model of delivering software and hardware solutions to the rapidly expanding number of beamlines. Bespoke per-beamline solutions were possible with the initial seven beamlines, but as the number of beamlines grew, this has been harder to sustain.
In 2014, Diamond decided to provide a unified software and hardware solution to several new and existing beamlines [1] R. Walton et al., Mapping developments at Diamond, Proceedings of ICA-LEPCS2015, Melbourne, Australia (2015).
[Google Scholar]
, in order to reduce the overall cost of ownership of these systems. By pooling the resources, a software and hardware stack which was highly capable was developed. These beamlines were primarily engaged in mapping X-ray probe experiments, but with differences in detectors, micro- or nanopositioning stage requirements and, ultimately, the science case.
Mapping, or scanning-probe, beamlines conduct a usually rapid series of identical experiments, where the only variable is the spatial position of the X-ray micro- or nanoprobe relative to the sample. Typically at synchrotrons, this involves moving the sample and not the beam, and the pattern traversed by the sample is dependent on the experiment being conducted, but is often an alternating direction raster scan, or snake scan.
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Sep 2018
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B18-Core EXAFS
I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy
I20-EDE-Energy Dispersive EXAFS (EDE)
I20-Scanning-X-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES)
Controls
Detectors
Optics
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Sofia
Diaz-Moreno
,
Monica
Amboage
,
Mark
Basham
,
Roberto
Boada
,
Nicholas E.
Bricknell
,
Giannantonio
Cibin
,
Thomas
Cobb
,
Jacob
Filik
,
Adam
Freeman
,
Kalotina
Geraki
,
Diego
Gianolio
,
Shusaku
Hayama
,
Konstantin
Ignatyev
,
Luke
Keenan
,
Iuliia
Mikulska
,
J. Frederick W.
Mosselmans
,
James J.
Mudd
,
Stephen A.
Parry
Open Access
Abstract: This manuscript presents the current status and technical details of the Spectroscopy Village at Diamond Light Source. The Village is formed of four beamlines: I18, B18, I20-Scanning and I20-EDE. The village provides the UK community with local access to a hard X-ray microprobe, a quick-scanning multi-purpose XAS beamline, a high-intensity beamline for X-ray absorption spectroscopy of dilute samples and X-ray emission spectroscopy, and an energy-dispersive extended X-ray absorption fine-structure beamline. The optics of B18, I20-scanning and I20-EDE are detailed; moreover, recent developments on the four beamlines, including new detector hardware and changes in acquisition software, are described.
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Jul 2018
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I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing
I16-Materials and Magnetism
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction
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J.
Filik
,
A. W.
Ashton
,
P. C. Y.
Chang
,
P. A.
Chater
,
S. J.
Day
,
M.
Drakopoulos
,
M. W.
Gerring
,
M. L.
Hart
,
O. V.
Magdysyuk
,
S.
Michalik
,
A.
Smith
,
C. C.
Tang
,
N. J.
Terrill
,
M. T.
Wharmby
,
H.
Wilhelm
Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[12735, 10311]
Abstract: A software package for the calibration and processing of powder X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering data is presented. It provides a multitude of data processing and visualization tools as well as a command-line scripting interface for on-the-fly processing and the incorporation of complex data treatment tasks. Customizable processing chains permit the execution of many data processing steps to convert a single image or a batch of raw two-dimensional data into meaningful data and one-dimensional diffractograms. The processed data files contain the full data provenance of each process applied to the data. The calibration routines can run automatically even for high energies and also for large detector tilt angles. Some of the functionalities are highlighted by specific use cases.
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Jun 2017
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B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[13027, 13323]
Open Access
Abstract: For the first time, infrared spectra on the sub-wavelength scale have been delivered by a synchrotron-radiation-induced thermal expansion technique. The novel experimental result was achieved by coupling an atomic force microscope (AFM) to an infrared (IR) beamline at the UK's national synchrotron facility, Diamond Light Source. Via broadband synchrotron illumination and an AFM sub-micron tip, molecular IR spectra were obtained by detecting a resonance-enhanced (RE) photothermal signal with spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Together with results on synchrotron IR nanoscopy in scattering mode from the IR beamline at the Advanced Light Source two years ago, the Diamond photothermal nanoprobe approach moves vibrational analysis beyond the diffraction limit and into nanoscale absorption spectroscopy.
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Aug 2016
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B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy
Optics
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[8960, 10407]
Open Access
Abstract: In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the use of infrared synchrotron radiation (IR-SR) as a broadband source for photothermal near-field infrared spectroscopy. We assess two methods of signal transduction; cantilever resonant thermal expansion and scanning thermal microscopy. By means of rapid mechanical chopping (50-150 kHz), we modulate the IR-SR at rates matching the contact resonance frequencies of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers, allowing us to record interferograms yielding Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) photothermal absorption spectra of polystyrene and cyanoacrylate films. Complementary offline measurements using a mechanically chopped CW IR laser confirmed that the resonant thermal expansion IR-SR measurements were below the diffraction limit, with a spatial resolution better than 500 nm achieved at a wavelength of 6 μm, i.e. λ/12 for the samples studied. Despite achieving the highest signal to noise so far for a scanning thermal microscopy measurement under conditions approaching near-field (dictated by thermal diffusion), the IR-SR resonant photothermal expansion FT-IR spectra measured were significantly higher in signal to noise in comparison with the scanning thermal data.
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Jan 2016
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Rob
Walton
,
Alun
Ashton
,
Mark
Basham
,
Peter
Chang
,
Tom
Cobb
,
S
Da Graca
,
Andrew
Dent
,
Jacob
Filik
,
Matt
Gerring
,
Charles
Mita
,
James
Mudd
,
C M
Palmer
,
Ulrik
Pedersen
,
Paul
Quinn
,
Nick
Rees
Open Access
Abstract: Many synchrotron beamlines offer some form of
continuous scanning for either energy scanning or sample
mapping. However, this is normally done on an ad-hoc
beamline by beamline basis. Diamond has recently
embarked on an ambitious project to define how to
implement continuous scanning as the standard way of
doing virtually all mapping tasks on beamlines. The
project is split into four main areas: 1) User interfaces to
describe the mapping process in a scientifically relevant
way, generating a scan description that can be used later;
2) The physical process of scanning and coordinating
hardware motion and detector data capture across the
beamline; 3) Capture of the detector data and all the
associated meta-data to disk, deciding and describing the
layout of the file (or files) for the main use cases; 4)
Display and analysis of live data and display of processed
data. In order to achieve this common approach across
beamlines, the standard software used throughout the
facility (Delta Tau motor controllers, EPICS, GDA and
DAWN), has been built on.
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Oct 2015
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Data acquisition
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Rob
Walton
,
Alun
Ashton
,
Mark
Basham
,
Peter
Chang
,
Tom
Cobb
,
S
Da Graca
,
Andrew
Dent
,
Jacob
Filik
,
Matt
Gerring
,
Charles
Mita
,
James
Mudd
,
C M
Palmer
,
U
Pederson
,
Paul
Quinn
,
Nick
Rees
Open Access
Abstract: Many synchrotron beamlines offer some form of
continuous scanning for either energy scanning or sample
mapping. However, this is normally done on an ad-hoc
beamline by beamline basis. Diamond has recently
embarked on an ambitious project to define how to
implement continuous scanning as the standard way of
doing virtually all mapping tasks on beamlines. The
project is split into four main areas: 1) User interfaces to
describe the mapping process in a scientifically relevant
way, generating a scan description that can be used later;
2) The physical process of scanning and coordinating
hardware motion and detector data capture across the
beamline; 3) Capture of the detector data and all the
associated meta-data to disk, deciding and describing the
layout of the file (or files) for the main use cases; 4)
Display and analysis of live data and display of processed
data. In order to achieve this common approach across
beamlines, the standard software used throughout the
facility (Delta Tau motor controllers, EPICS, GDA and
DAWN), has been built on.
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Oct 2015
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