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85 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Evaluating the morphology of the degradation layer of pure magnesium via 3D imaging at resolutions below 40 nm Berit Zeller-Plumhoff , Daniel Laipple , Hanna Slominska , Kamila Iskhakova , Elena Longo , Alexander Hermann , Silja Flenner , Imke Greving , Malte Storm , Regine Willumeit-Römer Bioactive Materials 6, 4368 - 4376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.009 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22346, 21697] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Magnesium is attractive for the application as a temporary bone implant due to its inherent biodegradability, non-toxicity and suitable mechanical properties. The degradation process of magnesium in physiological environments is complex and is thought to be a diffusion-limited transport problem. We use a multi-scale imaging approach using micro computed tomography and transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) at resolutions below 40 nm. Thus, we are able to evaluate the nanoporosity of the degradation layer and infer its impact on the degradation process of pure magnesium in two physiological solutions. Magnesium samples were degraded in simulated body fluid (SBF) or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for one to four weeks. TXM reveals the three-dimensional interconnected pore network within the degradation layer for both solutions. The pore network morphology and degradation layer composition are similar for all samples. By contrast, the degradation layer thickness in samples degraded in SBF was significantly higher and more inhomogeneous than in DMEM+10%FBS. Distinct features could be observed within the degradation layer of samples degraded in SBF, suggesting the formation of microgalvanic cells, which are not present in samples degraded in DMEM+10%FBS. The results suggest that the nanoporosity of the degradation layer and the resulting ion diffusion processes therein have a limited influence on the overall degradation process. This indicates that the influence of organic components on the dampening of the degradation rate by the suppression of microgalvanic degradation is much greater in the present study.	Dec 2021
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Scaling the U-net: segmentation of biodegradable bone implants in high-resolution synchrotron radiation microtomograms Ivo M. Baltruschat , Hanna Cwieka , Diana Krüger , Berit Zeller-Plumhoff , Frank Schlünzen , Regine Willumeit-Römer , Julian Moosmann , Philipp Heuser Scientific Reports 11 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03542-y Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22346] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Highly accurate segmentation of large 3D volumes is a demanding task. Challenging applications like the segmentation of synchrotron radiation microtomograms (SRμCT) at high-resolution, which suffer from low contrast, high spatial variability and measurement artifacts, readily exceed the capacities of conventional segmentation methods, including the manual segmentation by human experts. The quantitative characterization of the osseointegration and spatio-temporal biodegradation process of bone implants requires reliable, and very precise segmentation. We investigated the scaling of 2D U-net for high resolution grayscale volumes by three crucial model hyper-parameters (i.e., the model width, depth, and input size). To leverage the 3D information of high-resolution SRμCT, common three axes prediction fusing is extended, investigating the effect of adding more than three axes prediction. In a systematic evaluation we compare the performance of scaling the U-net by intersection over union (IoU) and quantitative measurements of osseointegration and degradation parameters. Overall, we observe that a compound scaling of the U-net and multi-axes prediction fusing with soft voting yields the highest IoU for the class “degradation layer”. Finally, the quantitative analysis showed that the parameters calculated with model segmentation deviated less from the high quality results than those obtained by a semi-automatic segmentation method.	Dec 2021
B21-High Throughput SAXS I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	A rationally designed supercharged protein-enzyme chimera self-assembles in situ to yield bifunctional composite textiles Graham J. Day , William H. Zhang , Ben M. Carter , Wenjin Xiao , Mark R. Sambrook , Adam W. Perriman Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18857 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17972, 16970] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Catalytically active materials for the enhancement of personalized protective equipment (PPE) could be advantageous to help alleviate threats posed by neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Accordingly, a chimeric protein comprised of a supercharged green fluorescent protein (scGFP) and phosphotriesterase from Agrobacterium radiobacter (arPTE) was designed to drive the polymer surfactant (S–)-mediated self-assembly of microclusters to produce robust, enzymatically active materials. The chimera scGFP-arPTE was structurally characterized via circular dichroism spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering, and its biophysical properties were determined. Significantly, the chimera exhibited greater thermal stability than the native constituent proteins, as well as a higher catalytic turnover number (kcat). Furthermore, scGFP-arPTE was electrostatically complexed with monomeric S–, driving self-assembly into [scGFP-arPTE][S–] nanoclusters, which could be dehydrated and cross-linked to yield enzymatically active [scGFP-arPTE][S–] porous films with a high-order structure. Moreover, these clusters could self-assemble within cotton fibers to generate active composite textiles without the need for the pretreatment of the fabrics. Significantly, the resulting materials maintained the biophysical activities of both constituent proteins and displayed recyclable and persistent activity against the nerve agent simulant paraoxon.	Dec 2021
I14-Hard X-ray Nanoprobe	Synchrotron-based nano-X-ray absorption near-edge structure revealing intracellular heterogeneity of iron species in magnetotactic bacteria Daniel M. Chevrier , Elisa Cerda-Donate , Yeseul Park , Fernando Cacho-Nerin , Miguel Gomez-Gonzalez , René Uebe , Damien Faivre Small Science DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100089 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23693, 23602] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) sequester iron from the environment to biomineralize magnetite or greigite nanoparticles in magnetosome organelles, though the necessity of intracellular iron storage for the formation process is still in question. Understanding the role of iron storage would make clear the contribution of MTB in geochemical iron cycling and its potential importance during the biosynthesis of application-relevant magnetic nanoparticles. Herein, how scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy (SXFM) and nanoscale X-ray absorption near-edge structure (nano-XANES) mapping can spatially and chemically identify intracellular iron species is reported, creating an opportunity to examine the role of iron storage in magnetite biomineralization at the single-cell level. Fe K-edge nano-XANES measurements of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense in varied iron media conditions and iron storage capacity reveal a significant quantity of intracellular iron heterogeneities through a distinction between formed magnetosomes and intracellular iron material. This intracellular iron component is found in both early and late stages of biomineralization. The capabilities of nano-XANES in providing an experimental advantage in the multidisciplinary field of biomineralization are highlighted.	Dec 2021
B16-Test Beamline	Novel in situ multi-level analysis of structural-mechanical relations in a bioinspired polyurethane-based tissue model Jingyi Mo , Nathanael Leung , Priyanka Gupta , Bin Zhu , Eirini Velliou , Tan Sui Materials Today Advances 12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100184 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20046] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this manuscript, we elucidated, for the first time, the substructural mechanisms present in our recently developed bioinspired polyurethane-based pancreatic tissue models. Different protein coatings of the model, i.e., collagen and fibronectin were examined. More specifically, analysis took place by combined real-time synchrotron X-ray scattering techniques and confocal laser scanning microscopy, to quantify the structural alteration of uncoated-polyurethane (PU) and protein-coated PU as well as the time-resolved structural reorganisation occurring at the micro-, nano- and lattice length scales during in situ micromechanical testing. We demonstrate that a clear increase of stiffness at the lamellar level following the fibronectin-PU modification, which is linked to the changes in the mechanics of the lamellae and interlamellar cohesion. This multi-level analysis of structural-mechanical relations in this polyurethane-based pancreatic cancer tissue model opens an opportunity in designing mechanically robust cost-effective tissue models not only for fundamental research but also for treatment screening.	Dec 2021
B23-Circular Dichroism I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Three-dimensional printable enzymatically active plastics William H. Zhang , Graham J. Day , Ioannis Zampetakis , Michele Carrabba , Zhongyang Zhang , Ben M. Carter , Norman Govan , Colin Jackson , Menglin Chen , Adam W. Perriman Acs Applied Polymer Materials DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00845 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17972, 18006] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Here, we describe a facile route to the synthesis of enzymatically active highly fabricable plastics, where the enzyme is an intrinsic component of the material. This is facilitated by the formation of an electrostatically stabilized enzyme–polymer surfactant nanoconstruct, which, after lyophilization and melting, affords stable macromolecular dispersions in a wide range of organic solvents. A selection of plastics can then be co-dissolved in the dispersions, which provides a route to bespoke 3D enzyme plastic nanocomposite structures using a wide range of fabrication techniques, including melt electrowriting, casting, and piston-driven 3D printing. The resulting constructs comprising active phosphotriesterase (arPTE) readily detoxify organophosphates with persistent activity over repeated cycles and for long time periods. Moreover, we show that the protein guest molecules, such as arPTE or sfGFP, increase the compressive Young’s modulus of the plastics and that the identity of the biomolecule influences the nanomorphology and mechanical properties of the resulting materials. Overall, we demonstrate that these biologically active nanocomposite plastics are compatible with state-of-the-art 3D fabrication techniques and that the methodology could be readily applied to produce robust and on-demand smart nanomaterial structures.	Nov 2021
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Detection and tracking volumes of interest in 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds using 4D imaging modalities A. I. Kondarage , B. Gayani , G. Poologasundarampillai , A. Nommeots-Nomm , P. D. Lee , T. D. Lalitharatne , N.d. Nanayakkara , J. R. Jones , A. Karunaratne 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) DOI: 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9630587 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13241] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) platforms allow the production of patient tissue engineering scaffolds with desirable architectures. Although AM platforms offer exceptional control on architecture, post-processing methods such as sintering and freeze-drying often deform the printed scaffold structure. In-situ 4D imaging can be used to analyze changes that occur during post-processing. Visualization and analysis of changes in selected volumes of interests (VOIs) over time are essential to understand the underlining mechanisms of scaffold deformations. Yet, automated detection and tracking of VOIs in the 3D printed scaffold over time using 4D image data is currently an unsolved image processing task. This paper proposes a new image processing technique to segment, detect and track volumes of interest in 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds. The method is validated using a 4D synchrotron sourced microCT image data captured during the sintering of bioactive glass scaffolds in-situ. The proposed method will contribute to the development of scaffolds with controllable designs and optimum properties for the development of patient-specific scaffolds.	Nov 2021
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	In‐situ 4D tomography image analysis framework to follow sintering within 3D printed glass scaffolds A. I. Kondarage , G. Poologasundarampillai , A. Nommeots-Nomm , P. D. Lee , T. D. Lalitharatne , N. D. Nanayakkara , J. R. Jones , A. Karunaratne Journal Of The American Ceramic Society DOI: 10.1111/jace.18182 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13241] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We propose a novel image analysis framework to automate analysis of X-ray micro-tomography images of sintering ceramics and glasses, using open-source toolkits and machine learning. Additive manufacturing (AM) of glasses and ceramics usually requires sintering of green bodies. Sintering causes shrinkage, which presents a challenge for controlling the metrology of the final architecture. Therefore, being able to monitor sintering in 3D over time (termed 4D) is important when developing new porous ceramics or glasses. Synchrotron X-ray tomographic imaging allows in situ, real-time capture of the sintering process at both micro and macro scales using a furnace rig, facilitating 4D quantitative analysis of the process. The proposed image analysis framework is capable of tracking and quantifying the densification of glass or ceramic particles within multiple volumes of interest (VOIs) along with structural changes over time using 4D image data. The framework is demonstrated by 4D quantitative analysis of bioactive glass ICIE16 within a 3D printed scaffold. Here, densification of glass particles within 3 VOIs were tracked and quantified along with diameter change of struts and inter-strut pore size over the 3D image series, delivering new insights on the sintering mechanism of ICIE16 bioactive glass particles in both micro and macro scales.	Oct 2021
B21-High Throughput SAXS	Palmitic acid sophorolipid biosurfactant: from self-assembled fibrillar network (SAFiN) to hydrogels with fast recovery Niki Baccile , Ghazi Ben Messaoud , Patrick Le Griel , Nathan Cowieson , Javier Perez , Robin Geys , Marilyn De Graeve , Sophie L. K. W. Roelants , Wim Soetaert Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical And Engineering Sciences 379 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0343 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23247] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Nanofibres are an interesting phase into which amphiphilic molecules can self-assemble. Described for a large number of synthetic lipids, they were seldom reported for natural lipids like microbial amphiphiles, known as biosurfactants. In this work, we show that the palmitic acid congener of sophorolipids (SLC16:0), one of the most studied families of biosurfactants, spontaneously forms a self-assembled fibre network (SAFiN) at pH below 6 through a pH jump process. pH-resolved in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) shows a continuous micelle-to-fibre transition, characterized by an enhanced core–shell contrast between pH 9 and pH 7 and micellar fusion into a flat membrane between pH 7 and pH 6, approximately. Below pH 6, homogeneous, infinitely long nanofibres form by peeling off the membranes. Eventually, the nanofibre network spontaneously forms a thixotropic hydrogel with fast recovery rates after applying an oscillatory strain amplitude out of the linear viscoelastic regime: after being submitted to strain amplitudes during 5 min, the hydrogel recovers about 80% and 100% of its initial elastic modulus after, respectively, 20 s and 10 min. Finally, the strength of the hydrogel depends on the medium's final pH, with an elastic modulus fivefold higher at pH 3 than at pH 6.	Sep 2021
B16-Test Beamline	Multi-scale structural and mechanical characterisation in bioinspired polyurethane-based pancreatic cancer model Jingyi Mo , Nathanael Leung , Priyanka Gupta , Bin Zhu , Hui Xing , Jiao Zhang , Eirini Velliou , Tan Sui Journal Of Materials Research And Technology 68 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.041 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20046] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this work, novel bioinspired polyurethane (PU) scaffolds were fabricated via freeze casting for PU-based Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) model. In order to reproduce the tumour micro-environment that facilitates cellular kinetics, the PU scaffolds were surface modified with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including collagen and fibronectin (Col and FN). Synchrotron-based small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) techniques were applied to probe structural evolution during in situ mechanical testing. Strains at macroscopic, nano-, and lattice scales were obtained to investigate the effects of ECM proteins and pancreatic cell activities to PU scaffolds. Significant mechanical strengthening across length scales of PU scaffolds was observed in specimens surface modified by FN. A model of stiffness modulation via enhanced interlamellar recruitment is proposed to explain the multi-scale strengthening mechanisms. Understanding multi-scale deformation mechanisms of a series of PU scaffolds opens an opportunity in developing a novel pancreatic cancer model for studying cancer evolution and predicting outcomes of drug/treatments.	Sep 2021

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