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14,354 items found (25 items not approved), displaying 91 to 100.[First/Prev] 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
	Narrowband, angle-tunable, helicity-dependent terahertz emission from nanowires of the topological dirac semimetal Cd3As2 Jessica L. Boland , Djamshid A. Damry , Chelsea Q. Xia , Piet Schoenherr , Dharmalingam Prabhakaran , Laura M. Herz , Thorsten Hesjedal , Michael B. Johnston Acs Photonics 59 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00068 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: All-optical control of terahertz pulses is essential for the development of optoelectronic devices for next-generation quantum technologies. Despite substantial research in THz generation methods, polarization control remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate that by exploiting band structure topology, both helicity-dependent and helicity-independent THz emission can be generated from nanowires of the topological Dirac semimetal Cd3As2. We show that narrowband THz pulses can be generated at oblique incidence by driving the system with optical (1.55 eV) pulses with circular polarization. Varying the incident angle also provides control of the peak emission frequency, with peak frequencies spanning 0.21–1.40 THz as the angle is tuned from 15 to 45°. We therefore present Cd3As2 nanowires as a promising novel material platform for controllable terahertz emission.	Apr 2023
B21-High Throughput SAXS I24-Microfocus Macromolecular Crystallography	Systematic construction of progressively larger capsules from a fivefold linking pyrrole-based subcomponent Kai Wu , Tanya K. Ronson , Pingru Su , Zhi Chen , Leonard Goh , Andrew W. Heard , Xiaopeng Li , Fabian Klautzsch , Christoph A. Schalley , Mladen Vinković , Jonathan R. Nitschke Nature Synthesis 115 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-023-00276-9 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [31323, 31668] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Biological encapsulants, such as viral capsids and ferritin protein cages, use many identical subunits to tile the surface of a polyhedron. Inspired by these natural systems, synthetic chemists have prepared artificial nanocages with well-defined shapes and cavities. Rational control over the self-assembly of discrete, nanometre-scale, hollow coordination cages composed of simple components remains challenging as a result of the entropic costs associated with binding many subunits together, difficulties in the error-correction processes associated with assembly and increasing surface energy as their size grows. Here we demonstrate the construction of nanocages of increasing size derived from a single pentatopic pyrrole-based subcomponent. Reasoned shifts in the preferred coordination number of the metal ions used, along with the denticity and steric hindrance of the ligands, enabled the generation of progressively larger cages. These structural changes of the cages are reminiscent of the differences in the folding of proteins caused by minor variations in their amino acid sequences; understanding how they affect capsule structure and thus cavity size may help to elucidate the construction principles for larger and functional capsules, capable of binding and carrying large biomolecules as cargoes.	Apr 2023
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Microstructural stability and paint bake response of pre-aged AA7075 Z. Ma , E. Cooksey-Nash , D. Barbier , J. D. Robson Materials Characterization 47 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2023.112862 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27903] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: High strength AA7xxx are attractive for use in the automotive industry, offering significant strength/weight benefits. These alloys are often used in tempers that require long ageing times of several hours. Pre-ageing has been proposed to be effective in suppressing natural ageing, and reducing the total ageing time by integrating the final ageing step into the paint bake cycle. However, the precipitate evolution during the pre-ageing and subsequent paint bake processes remains to be fully understood. In the present work, the pre-ageing process was studied for AA7075 over a wide range of temperatures and times. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used as the main technique to investigate the precipitate evolution during the pre-ageing, natural ageing and paint bake, with the support from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and isothermal calorimetry. For the first time, the results show that 8 h pre-ageing at 80 °C can produce a microstructure consisting of GP zones with an average radius of approximately 0.9 nm, which remains stable up to at least 7 months. After a short paint bake process, 94% of the T6 hardness can be obtained by uniformly distributed precipitates with an average radius of approximately 2.6 nm. The final size and strengthening effect of the precipitates after 20 min baking is found to be insensitive to the heating rate, which has not been reported previously. The present results further suggest this process is robust for industrial application.	Apr 2023
I03-Macromolecular Crystallography I04-1-Macromolecular Crystallography (fixed wavelength)	To target or not to target Schistosoma mansoni cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4A? Yang Zheng , Susanne Schroeder , Georgi K. Kanev , Sanaa S. Botros , Samia William , Abdel-Nasser A. Sabra , Louis Maes , Guy Caljon , Carmen Gil , Ana Martinez , Irene G. Salado , Koen Augustyns , Ewald Edink , Maarten Sijm , Erik De Heuvel , Iwan J. P. De Esch , Tiffany Van Der Meer , Marco Siderius , Geert Jan Sterk , David Brown , Rob Leurs International Journal Of Molecular Sciences 24 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076817 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with high morbidity. Recently, the Schistosoma mansoni phosphodiesterase SmPDE4A was suggested as a putative new drug target. To support SmPDE4A targeted drug discovery, we cloned, isolated, and biochemically characterized the full-length and catalytic domains of SmPDE4A. The enzymatically active catalytic domain was crystallized in the apo-form (PDB code: 6FG5) and in the cAMP- and AMP-bound states (PDB code: 6EZU). The SmPDE4A catalytic domain resembles human PDE4 more than parasite PDEs because it lacks the parasite PDE-specific P-pocket. Purified SmPDE4A proteins (full-length and catalytic domain) were used to profile an in-house library of PDE inhibitors (PDE4NPD toolbox). This screening identified tetrahydrophthalazinones and benzamides as potential hits. The PDE inhibitor NPD-0001 was the most active tetrahydrophthalazinone, whereas the approved human PDE4 inhibitors roflumilast and piclamilast were the most potent benzamides. As a follow-up, 83 benzamide analogs were prepared, but the inhibitory potency of the initial hits was not improved. Finally, NPD-0001 and roflumilast were evaluated in an in vitro anti-S. mansoni assay. Unfortunately, both SmPDE4A inhibitors were not effective in worm killing and only weakly affected the egg-laying at high micromolar concentrations. Consequently, the results with these SmPDE4A inhibitors strongly suggest that SmPDE4A is not a suitable target for anti-schistosomiasis therapy.	Apr 2023
I09-Surface and Interface Structural Analysis	Zinc-porphine on coinage metal surfaces: adsorption configuration and ligand-induced central atom displacement Aleksandr Baklanov , Johannes T. Kuchle , David A. Duncan , Reinhard J. Maurer , Martin Schwarz , Eduardo Corral Rascon , Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica , Huynh Thien Ngo , Alexander Riss , Francesco Allegretti , Willi Auwärter , Paul T. P. Ryan The Journal Of Physical Chemistry C 35 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c00232 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [18874, 24276] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We present a comprehensive, quantitative multimethod characterization of the geometric and electronic interfacial structure of zinc-porphine (Zn-P) on coinage metal supports, namely, Ag(111) and Cu(111). Complementary techniques including X-ray standing waves, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, bond-resolved atomic force microscopy, and density functional theory calculations reveal the molecular conformations, signal a temperature-dependence of element-specific adsorption heights, rule out a decisive role of the d10 nature of the Zn center for the adsorption configuration, and uncover a considerably increased Zn-P adsorption height on Ag(111) compared to Cu(111). Furthermore, a pronounced out-of-plane displacement of the Zn center upon water ligation is demonstrated, a manifestation of the surface trans-effect. This study thus sheds light on effects of temperature, chemical nature of the metal center, its ligation, and the coinage metal support on interfacial structure and molecular deformation of an archetypical surface-anchored metal-tetrapyrrole.	Apr 2023
B18-Core EXAFS	Adjustment of the single atom/nanoparticle ratio in Pd/CNT catalysts for phenylacetylene selective hydrogenation Jérémy Audevard , Javier Navarro-Ruiz , Vincent Bernardin , Yann Tison , Anna Corrias , Iker Del Rosal , Alain Favre-Réguillon , Régis Philippe , Iann C. Gerber , Philippe Serp Chemcatchem DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202300036 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [14239] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Pd/C catalysts are widely used for hydrogenation reactions in the chemical industry. One of the reasons for their high activity is the ability of Pd nanoparticles (PdNP) to dissociate H2 and promote H-spillover. Nevertheless, for selective hydrogenation unpromoted Pd/C catalysts show disappointing results. The use of supported Pd single atom (PdSA) catalysts permits to achieve high selectivity. However, PdSA show low activity because they have difficulty in activating H2. A cooperative catalysis between PdNP and PdSA operates for the hydrogenation of alkenes thanks to the H-spillover, which makes it possible to obtain active isolated PdSA-H species. Here, we present experimental and computational results obtained for phenylacetylene hydrogenation on Pd/CNT catalysts showing different PdSA/PdNP ratios. Tuning this ratio allows doubling the activity while reaching high selectivity to styrene at high conversion. DFT calculations suggest that the first coordination sphere of PdSA has a pronounced effect on their reactivity.	Apr 2023
E02-JEM ARM 300CF	The mechanism of twin thickening and the elastic strain state of TWIP steel nanotwins Thomas W. J. Kwok , T. P. Mcauliffe , A. K. Ackerman , B. H. Savitzky , M. Danaie , C. Ophus , D. Dye Materials Science And Engineering: A 324 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2023.145005 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [18770] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel with a nominal composition of Fe-16.4Mn-0.9C-0.5Si-0.05Nb-0.05V was deformed to an engineering strain of 6%. The strain around the deformation twins were mapped using the 4D-STEM technique. Strain mapping showed a large average elastic strain of approximately 6% in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the twinning direction. However, the large average strain comprised of several hot spots of even larger strains of up to 12%. These hot spots could be attributed to a high density of sessile Frank dislocations on the twin boundary and correspond to shear stresses of 1–1.5 GPa. The strain and therefore stress fields are significantly larger than other materials known to twin and are speculated to be responsible for the early thickness saturation of TWIP steel nanotwins. The ability to keep twins extremely thin helps improve grain fragmentation, i.e. the dynamic Hall-Petch effect, and underpins the large elongations and strain hardening rates in TWIP steels.	Apr 2023
Krios I-Titan Krios I at Diamond	Cryo-electron tomography of intact cardiac muscle reveals myosin binding protein-C linking myosin and actin filaments Xinrui Huang , Iratxe Torre , Michele Chiappi , Zhan Yin , Anupama Vydyanath , Shuangyi Cao , Oliver Raschdorf , Morgan Beeby , Bonnie Quigley , Pieter P. De Tombe , Jun Liu , Edward P. Morris , Pradeep K. Luther Journal Of Muscle Research And Cell Motility 189 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09647-3 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [18092] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C) is an accessory protein of the thick filament in vertebrate cardiac muscle arranged over 9 stripes of intervals of 430 Å in each half of the A-band in the region called the C-zone. Mutations in cardiac MyBP-C are a leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy the mechanism of which is unknown. It is a rod-shaped protein composed of 10 or 11 immunoglobulin- or fibronectin-like domains labelled C0 to C10 which binds to the thick filament via its C-terminal region. MyBP-C regulates contraction in a phosphorylation dependent fashion that may be through binding of its N-terminal domains with myosin or actin. Understanding the 3D organisation of MyBP-C in the sarcomere environment may provide new light on its function. We report here the fine structure of MyBP-C in relaxed rat cardiac muscle by cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging of refrozen Tokuyasu cryosections. We find that on average MyBP-C connects via its distal end to actin across a disc perpendicular to the thick filament. The path of MyBP-C suggests that the central domains may interact with myosin heads. Surprisingly MyBP-C at Stripe 4 is different; it has weaker density than the other stripes which could result from a mainly axial or wavy path. Given that the same feature at Stripe 4 can also be found in several mammalian cardiac muscles and in some skeletal muscles, our finding may have broader implication and significance. In the D-zone, we show the first demonstration of myosin crowns arranged on a uniform 143 Å repeat.	Apr 2023
	Characterization of unsaturated solute transport with X-ray synchrotron microtomography Sharul Nizam Hasan , Vahid Niasar , Nikolaos Karadimitriou , Jose R. Assuncao Godinho , Nghia T. Vo , Senyou An , Arash Rabbani , Dongwon Lee , Holger Steeb DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23800-0_58 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Unsaturated solute transport was directly characterized with the use of Synchrotron-based X–ray Computed Tomography (s-XRCT). The spatial and temporal resolutions were 3.25 µm and 6 seconds, respectively.	Apr 2023
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Ultra-low oxygen, liquid sample cell for in situ synchrotron-based small-wide angle scattering (SAXS-WAXS) M. Hassan Sk , S. Agrawal , M. Woolley , S. M. Clarke , A. Osundare , D. Craske , Robert Lindsay , Andrew J. Smith , T. Snow , T. Zinn , N. Terrill Review Of Scientific Instruments 94 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146013 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23699, 28693, 32669] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Here, we report the design and successful implementation of an ultra-low oxygen sample cell for use on the SAXS-WAXS (small-wide angle x-ray scattering) beamline I22 at DIAMOND. The rigorous exclusion of oxygen is found to require double jacketing with purge gas throughout the entire system, pipework, pumps, and the sample cell itself. This particularly includes a “double-window” arrangement at the sample location to accommodate the very tight geometrical restrictions of the sample position. The in situ cell design also requires the additional complexity of heating the sample/solution and real-time electrochemical measurements. We demonstrate the successful implementation of this arrangement with real-time in situ characterization of an iron foil corrosion evolving under the “sweet-scale environment,” very anoxic conditions common, in particular, commercial situations. The formation of iron carbonate, siderite, rather than iron oxide, indicates that our system is oxygen free down very low levels (<35 ppb at 80 °C).	Apr 2023

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