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14,332 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 14,091 to 14,100.[First/Prev] 1,406, 1,407, 1,408, 1,409, 1,410, 1,411, 1,412, 1,413 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
	Full-Field Imaging with Coherent Hard X-Rays Christoph Rau International Workshop on Phase Retrieval and Coherent Scattering (Coherence 2007)	Jun 2007
Accelerator Physics	The Nanoscience Beamline at Diamond, Optical Design Considerations Ruben Reininger , Sarnjeet Dhesi Aip Conference Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation DOI: 10.1063/1.2436124 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The main requirement of the Nanoscience Beamline at Diamond is to deliver the highest possible flux at the sample position of a PEEM with a resolving power of about 5000 in the energy range 80–2000 eV. The source of the beamline is a couple of APPLE II helical undulators in tandem that can also be used separately to allow for faster switching of the circular polarization. Based on its versatility, a collimated plane grating monochromator using sagittally focusing elements was chosen to cover the required energy range with three gratings. The operation of this monochromator requires a collimated beam incident on the grating along the dispersion direction. This can be achieved either with a toroid, focusing with its major radius along the non‐dispersive direction at the exit slit, or with a sagittal cylinder. The former option uses a sagittal cylinder after the grating to focus the collimated beam at the exit slit. In the latter case, a toroid after the grating is used to focus in both directions at the exit slit. The advantage of the toroid downstream the grating is the higher horizontal demagnification. This configuration fulfills the Nanoscience Beamline’s required resolving power but cannot be used to achieve very high resolution due to the astigmatic coma aberration of the toroidal mirror. The focusing at the sample position is performed with a KB pair of plane elliptical mirrors. Assuming achievable values for the errors on all the optical surfaces, the expected spots FWHW in the horizontal and vertical directions are 10 μm and 3 μm, respectively. The calculated photon flux at this spot at 5000 resolving power is >1012 photons/sec between 80 and 1600 eV for linearly polarized light and between 106 and 1200 eV for circularly polarized light. The beamline is expected to be operational in January 2007.	Jun 2007
I04-Macromolecular Crystallography	Commissioning of new synchrotron radiation facilities Zhentang Zhao Proceedings, 22nd Conference, PAC'07, Albuquerque, USA, June 25-29, 2007 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Over the past 30 years,design and construction of dedicated SR facilities have been continuously carried out all around the world. Currently there are about 50 SR light sources in operation and about 20 of them are third generation light sources; From the mid-1970s to the mid 1980s, second generation light sources were designed and constructed; From the mid-1980s, third generation light sources have been designed and constructed; Since the Mid-1990s, the construction of intermediate third generation light sources has been the focus of efforts worldwide; Meanwhile compact synchrotron radiation facilities have been designed and constructed.	Jun 2007
Accelerator Physics	The Commissioning of the Diamond Storage Ring Riccardo Bartolini Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC) 07 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The Diamond Light Source opened for user operation at the end January 2007. The storage ring was successfully commissioned at 3 GeV in three months by the end of December 2006. An intensive Accelerator Physics program allowed the design emittance of 2.7 nm with 150 mA stored beam to be reached as well as the commissioning of the first seven insertion devices. We describe here the results of the measurements performed to characterise accelerator optics, to bring the insertion device in operation and a first analysis of orbit stability and collective instabilities, as well as the status and plans for fast orbit feedback, multi-bunch feedback and top-up operation.	Jun 2007
Accelerator Physics	Electron Beam Dynamics Studies During Commissioning of the Diamond Storage Ring Riccardo Bartolini , Richard Fielder , Emily Longhi , Beni Singh , I Martin Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC) 07 DOI: 10.1109/PAC.2007.4441000 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The Diamond Light Source is the new medium energy 3rd generation light source located at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in the UK. The storage ring was successfully commissioned at full energy during the period Sept. to Dec. 2006, and is now delivering synchrotron light to users. During the commissioning period, operation of the storage ring at the design specifications was established in terms of closed orbit distortion, linear optics, coupling correction and emittance. In this report we provide details of these studies as well as more recent investigations into the zero- dispersion lattice.	Jun 2007
Accelerator Physics Insertion Devices	Commissioning and Investigation of Beam Dynamics of Phase I Insertion Devices Beni Singh , Riccardo Bartolini , Richard Fielder , Emily Longhi , Ian Martin Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC) 07 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Diamond is a 3 GeV low emittance third generation light source recently commissioned in Oxfordshire, UK. During Phase I of the project, seven insertion devices (IDs) have been installed and commissioned: these include 5 in-vacuum permanent magnet undulators, a variable polarization APPLE-II helical device (HU64) and a superconducting wiggler (SCW). We present our experiences commissioning these devices and the results of the investigations of their effects on beam dynamics, including orbit distortion, linear tune shifts, beta-beating and beam lifetime. Alpha-matching with local and global tune compensations, as well as the LOCO algorithm, have been used to compensate the linear optic perturbations. The results are discussed and compared with theoretical predictions. Injection with IDs in operation has also been investigated in view of future top-up operation.	Jun 2007
	Emergence of strong exchange interaction in the actinide series: the driving force for magnetic stabilization of curium K. Moore , G. Van Der Laan , R. G. Haire , M. A. Wall , A. J. Schwartz , P. Söderlind Physical Review Letters 98 (23) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.236402 PMID: 17677923 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Using electron energy-loss spectroscopy, many-electron atomic spectral calculations, and density functional theory, we show that angular-momentum coupling in the 5f states plays a decisive role in the formation of the magnetic moment in Cm metal. The 5f states of Cm in intermediate coupling are strongly shifted towards the LS coupling limit due to exchange interaction, unlike most actinide elements where the effective spin-orbit interaction prevails. Hund's rule coupling is the key to producing the large spin polarization that dictates the newly found crystal structure of Cm under pressure.	Jun 2007
	Biological soft materials Ian W. Hamley , Valeria Castelletto Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46 (24), 4442 - 4455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603922 PMID: 17516592 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: With one or two exceptions, biological materials are “soft”, meaning that they combine viscous and elastic elements. This mechanical behavior results from self-assembled supramolecular structures that are stabilized by noncovalent interactions. It is an ongoing and profound challenge to understand the self-organization of biological materials. In many cases, concepts can be imported from soft-matter physics and chemistry, which have traditionally focused on materials such as colloids, polymers, surfactants, and liquid crystals. Using these ideas, it is possible to gain a new perspective on phenomena as diverse as DNA condensation, protein and peptide fibrillization, lipid partitioning in rafts, vesicle fusion and budding, and others, as discussed in this selective review of recent highlights from the literature.	May 2007
	ALN nanoparticles XANES analysis: Local atomic and electronic structure Alexander Soldatov , Galina Yalovega , Grigory Smolentsev , Antonina Kravtsova , Dirk Lamoen , C. Balasubramanian , Augusto Marcelli , Gianfelice Cinque , Stefano Bellucci Nuclear Instruments And Methods In Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors And Associated Equipment 575, 85 - 87 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.031 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Different AlN nanosystems (NP) were investigated by using synchrotron radiation spectroscopy. Experiments were performed at the Synchrotron Radiation Facility of the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). Preliminary XANES theoretical analysis at the Al K edge is presented.	May 2007
Theoretical Physics	Dichroism and resonant diffraction in x-ray scattering by complex materials S. P. Collins , S. W. Lovesey , E. Balcar Journal Of Physics: Condensed Matter 19 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/21/213201 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We survey universal concepts that influence dichroism and resonant Bragg diffraction, aiming to reach across the range of scientific disciplines that benefit from x-ray techniques, namely, chemistry, physics, life-sciences, and the science of materials. To this end, we adopt a top down discussion of the aspects of symmetry and concomitant selection rules. Starting from selection rules that can be deduced from the global condition that an observable quantity is unchanged on reversing the directions of both space and time separately, to selection rules that flow from bulk symmetry properties of electrons imposed by elements of a point group or crystal class to, finally, atomic selection rules that emerge from the details of the electronic structure. As a motivation for the latter we discuss, with a new calculation of the x-ray scattering length, E 1–M 1 absorption and scattering events that particularly interest scientists studying the chirality of life. In the main text there is modest use of mathematics, with appropriate details relegated to a few appendices.	May 2007

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