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14,322 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 11 to 20.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Spatiotemporal and microstructural characterization of heterotopic ossification in healing rat Achilles tendons Maria Pierantoni , Malin Hammerman , Isabella Silva Barreto , Daniel Larsson , Thomas Notermans , Andrew Bodey , Pernilla Eliasson , Hanna Isaksson The Faseb Journal 37 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201018RRR Diamond Proposal Number(s): [16557] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Achilles tendon rupture is a common debilitating medical condition. The healing process is slow and can be affected by heterotopic ossification (HO), which occurs when pathologic bone-like tissue is deposited instead of the soft collagenous tendon tissue. Little is known about the temporal and spatial progression of HO during Achilles tendon healing. In this study we characterize HO deposition, microstructure, and location at different stages of healing in a rat model. We use phase contrast-enhanced synchrotron microtomography, a state-of-the-art technique that allows 3D imaging at high-resolution of soft biological tissues without invasive or time-consuming sample preparation. The results increase our understanding of HO deposition, from the early inflammatory phase of tendon healing, by showing that the deposition is initiated as early as one week after injury in the distal stump and mostly growing on preinjury HO deposits. Later, more deposits form first in the stumps and then all over the tendon callus, merging into large, calcified structures, which occupy up to 10% of the tendon volume. The HOs were characterized by a looser connective trabecular-like structure and a proteoglycan-rich matrix containing chondrocyte-like cells with lacunae. The study shows the potential of 3D imaging at high-resolution by phase-contrast tomography to better understand ossification in healing tendons.	Jun 2023
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	Controlling the magnetic structure in W-type hexaferrites Mathias I. Mørch , Mogens Christensen Journal Of Applied Crystallography 56 DOI: 10.1107/S1600576723002133 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [24845] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: W-type hexaferrites with varied Co/Zn ratios were synthesized and the magnetic order was investigated using neutron powder diffraction. In SrCo2Fe16O27 and SrCoZnFe16O27 a planar (Cm′cm′) magnetic ordering was found, rather than the uniaxial ordering (P63/mm′c′) found in SrZn2Fe16O27 which is common in most W-type hexaferrites. In all three studied samples, non-collinear terms were present in the magnetic ordering. One of the non-collinear terms is common to the planar ordering in SrCoZnFe16O27 and uniaxial ordering in SrZn2Fe16O27, which could be a sign of an imminent transition in the magnetic structure. The thermomagnetic measurements revealed magnetic transitions at 520 and 360 K for SrCo2Fe16O27 and SrCoZnFe16O27, and Curie temperatures of 780 and 680 K, respectively, while SrZn2Fe16O27 showed no transition but a Curie temperature at 590 K. This leads to the conclusion that the magnetic transition can be adjusted by fine-tuning the Co/Zn stoichiometry in the sample.	Jun 2023
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	3-Dimensional analysis of fatigue crack fields and crack growth by in situ synchrotron X-ray tomography A. Koko , S. Singh , S. Barhli , T. Connolley , N. T. Vo , T. Wigger , D. Liu , Y. Fu , J. Réthoré , J. Lechambre , J.-Y. Buffiere , T. J. Marrow International Journal Of Fatigue 170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2023.107541 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12585] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The propagation rate of a fatigue crack in a nodular cast iron, loaded in cyclic tension, has been studied in situ by X-ray computed tomography and digital volume correlation. The semi-elliptical crack initiated from an asymmetric corner notch and evolved to a semi-circular shape, initially with a higher growth rate towards one edge of the notch before the propagation rate along the crack front became essentially independent of po-sition. The phase congruency of the displacement field was used to measure the crack shape. The three-dimensional stress intensity factors were calculated via a linear elastic finite element model that used the displacement fields around the crack front as the boundary conditions. Closure of the crack tip region was observed. The cyclic change in the local mode I opening of the crack tip determined the local fatigue crack propaga-tion rate along the crack front.	May 2023
B18-Core EXAFS	Alternative reductants for foam control during vitrification of high-iron High Level Waste (HLW) feeds J. C. Rigby , D. R. Dixon , J. Kloužek , R. Pokorný , P. B. J. Thompson , A. Scrimshire , A. A. Kruger , A. M. T. Bell , P. A. Bingham Journal Of Non-Crystalline Solids 608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122240 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [26801] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Foaming during vitrification of radioactive waste in Joule-Heated Ceramic Melters (JHCM) is exacerbated by trapping of evolving gases, such as CO2, NOx and O2, beneath a viscous reaction layer. Foaming restricts heat transfer during melting. Sucrose is employed as the baseline additive at the Hanford site in Washington State, USA to reduce foaming. Alternative carbon-based reductant additives were explored in simulated, inactive Hanford high-iron HLW-NG-Fe2 feeds, for both their effect on foaming and to give insight to the behaviour of multivalent species in glass melts under different redox conditions. Graphite, coke (93% C), formic acid and HEDTA additives were compared with sucrose, and a feed with no additive. Graphite and coke additions proved most effective in reducing the maximum foam volume by 51 ± 3% and 54 ± 2%, respectively, compared with 24 ± 5% for sucrose. Lower foaming could result in more efficient vitrification in JHCMs. Reductants also affected redox ratios in the multivalent species present in the feed. The order of reduction, Mn3+/Mn2+ > Cr6+/Cr3+ > Ce3+/Ce4+ > Fe3+/Fe2+ was as predicted on the basis of their redox potentials. There is less reduction overall, particularly in the Fe3+ → Fe2+, than predicted by the calculations, attributed to the oxygenated atmosphere of the experiments.	May 2023
Krios I-Titan Krios I at Diamond	Investigation of the milling characteristics of different focused-ion-beam sources assessed by three-dimensional electron diffraction from crystal lamellae James M. Parkhurst , Adam D. Crawshaw , C. Alistair Siebert , Maud Dumoux , C. David Owen , Pedro Nunes , David Waterman , Thomas Glen , David I. Stuart , James H. Naismith , Gwyndaf Evans Iucrj 10 DOI: 10.1107/S2052252523001902 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) from nanocrystals of biological macromolecules requires the use of very small crystals. These are typically less than 300 nm-thick in the direction of the electron beam due to the strong interaction between electrons and matter. In recent years, focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling has been used in the preparation of thin samples for 3DED. These instruments typically use a gallium liquid metal ion source. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources in principle offer faster milling rates. Little work has been done to quantify the damage these sources cause to delicate biological samples at cryogenic temperatures. Here, an analysis of the effect that milling with plasma FIB (pFIB) instrumentation has on lysozyme crystals is presented. This work evaluates both argon and xenon plasmas and compares them with crystals milled with a gallium source. A milling protocol was employed that utilizes an overtilt to produce wedge-shaped lamellae with a shallow thickness gradient which yielded very thin crystalline samples. 3DED data were then acquired and standard data-processing statistics were employed to assess the quality of the diffraction data. An upper bound to the depth of the pFIB-milling damage layer of between 42.5 and 50 nm is reported, corresponding to half the thickness of the thinnest lamellae that resulted in usable diffraction data. A lower bound of between 32.5 and 40 nm is also reported, based on a literature survey of the minimum amount of diffracting material required for 3DED.	May 2023
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Fast extraction of three-dimensional nanofiber orientation from WAXD patterns using machine learning Minghui Sun , Zheng Dong , Liyuan Wu , Haodong Yao , Wenchao Niu , Deting Xu , Ping Chen , Himadri S. Gupta , Yi Zhang , Yuhui Dong , Chunying Chen , Lina Zhao Iucrj 10 DOI: 10.1107/S205225252300204X Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Structural disclosure of biological materials can help our understanding of design disciplines in nature and inspire research for artificial materials. Synchrotron microfocus X-ray diffraction is one of the main techniques for characterizing hierarchically structured biological materials, especially the 3D orientation distribution of their interpenetrating nanofiber networks. However, extraction of 3D fiber orientation from X-ray patterns is still carried out by iterative parametric fitting, with disadvantages of time consumption and demand for expertise and initial parameter estimates. When faced with high-throughput experiments, existing analysis methods cannot meet the real time analysis challenges. In this work, using the assumption that the X-ray illuminated volume is dominated by two groups of nanofibers in a gradient biological composite, a machine-learning based method is proposed for fast and automatic fiber orientation metrics prediction from synchrotron X-ray micro-focused diffraction data. The simulated data were corrupted in the training procedure to guarantee the prediction ability of the trained machine-learning algorithm in real-world experimental data predictions. Label transformation was used to resolve the jump discontinuity problem when predicting angle parameters. The proposed method shows promise for application in the automatic data-processing pipeline for fast analysis of the vast data generated from multiscale diffraction-based tomography characterization of textured biomaterials.	May 2023
I20-Scanning-X-ray spectroscopy (XAS/XES)	A new satellite of manganese revealed by extended-range high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection Nicholas T. T. Tran , Daniel Sier , Tony Kirk , Chanh Q. Tran , J. Frederick W. Mosselmans , Sofia Diaz-Moreno , Christopher T. Chantler Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 30 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577523002539 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [25625] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The discovery of a new physical process in manganese metal is reported. This process will also be present for all manganese-containing materials in condensed matter. The process was discovered by applying our new technique of XR-HERFD (extended-range high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection), which was developed from the popular high-resolution RIXS (resonant inelastic X-ray scattering) and HERFD approaches. The acquired data are accurate to many hundreds of standard deviations beyond what is regarded as the criterion for `discovery'. Identification and characterization of many-body processes can shed light on the X-ray absorption fine-structure spectra and inform the scientist on how to interpret them, hence leading to the ability to measure the dynamical nanostructures which are observable using the XR-HERFD method. Although the many-body reduction factor has been used universally in X-ray absorption spectroscopy in analysis over the past 30 years (thousands of papers per year), this experimental result proves that many-body effects are not representable by any constant reduction factor parameter. This paradigm change will provide the foundation for many future studies and X-ray spectroscopy.	May 2023
	Multi-dimensional characterization of battery materials Ralf F. Ziesche , Thomas M. M. Heenan , Pooja Kumari , Jarrod Williams , Weiqun Li , Matthew E. Curd , Timothy L. Burnett , Ian Robinson , Dan J. L. Brett , Matthias J. Ehrhardt , Paul D. Quinn , Layla B. Mehdi , Philip J. Withers , Melanie Britton , Nigel D. Browning , Paul R. Shearing Advanced Energy Materials 101 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202300103 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Demand for low carbon energy storage has highlighted the importance of imaging techniques for the characterization of electrode microstructures to determine key parameters associated with battery manufacture, operation, degradation, and failure both for next generation lithium and other novel battery systems. Here, recent progress and literature highlights from magnetic resonance, neutron, X-ray, focused ion beam, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are summarized. Two major trends are identified: First, the use of multi-modal microscopy in a correlative fashion, providing contrast modes spanning length- and time-scales, and second, the application of machine learning to guide data collection and analysis, recognizing the role of these tools in evaluating large data streams from increasingly sophisticated imaging experiments.	May 2023
B18-Core EXAFS	Complex magnetic ordering behavior in the frustrated perovskite Ba2MnMoO6 Fiona C. Coomer , Heather M. Mutch , Otto Mustonen , Charlotte Pughe , Serena A. Cussen , Silvia Ramos , Adrian D. Hillier , Edmund J. Cussen Apl Materials 11 DOI: 10.1063/5.0144719 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: New and exotic ground states of magnetic materials are highly sought after and are extensively studied for the insights they provide into the thermodynamics of disorder and fundamental magnetic interactions. By controlling the crystal structure of an appropriate magnetic lattice, it is possible to cause the strong magnetic exchange interactions to sum to zero and so be frustrated. Due to the presence of this frustration, the lowest energy configuration that results may be crucially dependent on the tiniest of energy differences between a multitude of states that have (almost) the same energy. The keen interest in these materials arises from the fact that these finely balanced systems offer a way of probing classical or quantum mechanical interactions that are of fundamental importance but are too weak to be observed in non-frustrated systems. Here, we combine local and crystallographic probes of the cation-ordered double perovskite Ba2MnMoO6 that contains a face-centered cubic lattice of S = 5/2 Mn2+ cations. Neutron diffraction measurements below 9.27(7) K indicate that a fourfold degenerate non-collinear antiferromagnetic state exists with almost complete ordering of the Mn2+ spins. Muon spin relaxation measurements provide a local probe of the magnetic fields inside this material over the t1/2 = 2.2 µs lifetime of a muon, indicating a slightly lower Néel transition temperature of 7.9(1) K. The dc susceptibility data do not show the loss of magnetization that should accompany the onset of the antiferromagnetic order; they indicate that a strongly antiferromagnetically coupled paramagnetic state [θ = −73(3) K] persists down to 4 K, at which temperature a weak transition occurs. The behavior of this material differs considerably from the closely related compositions Ba2MnMO6 (M = W, Te), which show collinear ordering arrangements and well defined antiferromagnetic transitions in the bulk susceptibility. This suggests that the Mo6+ cation leads to a fine balance between the nearest and next-nearest neighbor superexchange in these frustrated double perovskite structures.	May 2023
I15-Extreme Conditions	Joint experimental and theoretical study of bulk Y2O3 at high pressure A. L. J. Pereira , J. A. Sans , O. Gomis , D. Santamaria-Perez , S. Ray , A. Godoy , A. S. Da Silva-Sobrinho , P. Rodríguez-Hernández , A. Muñoz , C. Popescu , F. J. Manjon Results In Physics 8 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2023.106499 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [6073] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We report a joint experimental and theoretical study of the structural and vibrational properties of C-type bulk Y2O3 under hydrostatic compression. The combination of high-pressure X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering experimental measurements with ab initio theoretical calculations on bulk Y2O3 allows us to confirm the cubic (C-type) - monoclinic (B-type) - trigonal (A-type) phase transition sequence on the upstroke and the trigonal-monoclinic phase transition on the downstroke. This result reconciles with the results already found in related rare-earth sesquioxides of cations with similar ionic radii as Y, such as Ho2O3 and Dy2O3, and ends with the controversy regarding the existence of the intermediate monoclinic phase between the cubic and trigonal phases in pure bulk Y2O3 on the upstroke. As a byproduct, the good agreement between experimental and calculated results allows us to use extensive theoretical data to discuss the structural and vibrational behavior of the three phases of Y2O3 under compression, thus allowing a more detailed understanding of the effect of pressure on rare-earth sesquioxides than previous studies.	May 2023

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