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14,364 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 31 to 40.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I05-ARPES	Spectral signatures of a unique charge density wave in Ta2NiSe7 Matthew D. Watson , Alex Louat , Cephise Cacho , Sungkyun Choi , Young Hee Lee , Michael Neumann , Gideok Kim Nature Communications 14 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39114-z Diamond Proposal Number(s): [31067] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Charge Density Waves (CDW) are commonly associated with the presence of near-Fermi level states which are separated from others, or “nested", by a wavector of q. Here we use Angle-Resolved Photo Emission Spectroscopy (ARPES) on the CDW material Ta2NiSe7 and identify a total absence of any plausible nesting of states at the primary CDW wavevector q. Nevertheless we observe spectral intensity on replicas of the hole-like valence bands, shifted by a wavevector of q, which appears with the CDW transition. In contrast, we find that there is a possible nesting at 2q, and associate the characters of these bands with the reported atomic modulations at 2q. Our comprehensive electronic structure perspective shows that the CDW-like transition of Ta2NiSe7 is unique, with the primary wavevector q being unrelated to any low-energy states, but suggests that the reported modulation at 2q, which would plausibly connect low-energy states, might be more important for the overall energetics of the problem.	Jun 2023
B24-Cryo Soft X-ray Tomography	3D surface reconstruction of cellular cryo-soft X-ray microscopy tomograms using semisupervised deep learning Michael c. A. Dyhr , Mohsen Sadeghi , Ralitsa Moynova , Carolin Knappe , Burcu Kepsutlu cakmak , Stephan Werner , Gerd Schneider , James Mcnally , Frank Noé , Helge Ewers Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences 120 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209938120 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) is a powerful method to investigate the ultrastructure of cells, offering resolution in the tens of nanometer range and strong contrast for membranous structures without requiring labeling or chemical fixation. The short acquisition time and the relatively large field of view leads to fast acquisition of large amounts of tomographic image data. Segmentation of these data into accessible features is a necessary step in gaining biologically relevant information from cryo-soft X-ray tomograms. However, manual image segmentation still requires several orders of magnitude more time than data acquisition. To address this challenge, we have here developed an end-to-end automated 3D segmentation pipeline based on semisupervised deep learning. Our approach is suitable for high-throughput analysis of large amounts of tomographic data, while being robust when faced with limited manual annotations and variations in the tomographic conditions. We validate our approach by extracting three-dimensional information on cellular ultrastructure and by quantifying nanoscopic morphological parameters of filopodia in mammalian cells.	Jun 2023
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	The causation of hydrogen embrittlement of duplex stainless steel: Phase instability of the austenite phase and ductile-to-brittle transition of the ferrite phase – Synergy between experiments and modelling Cem Ornek , Mubashir Mansoor , Alfred Larsson , Fan Zhang , Gary S. Harlow , Robin Kroll , Francesco Carla , Hadeel Hussain , Bora Derin , Ulf Kivisäkk , Dirk L. Engelberg , Edvin Lundgren , Jinshan Pan Corrosion Science 217 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111140 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23388] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Various mechanisms have been proposed for hydrogen embrittlement of duplex stainless steel, but the causation of hydrogen-induced material degradation has remained unclear. This work shows that phase instability (decomposition) of the austenite phase and ductile-to-brittle transition of the ferrite phase precedes hydrogen embrittlement. In-situ diffraction measurements revealed that Ni-rich sites of the austenite phase decompose into metastable hydrides. Hydride formation is possible by increasing the hydrogen chemical potential during electrochemical charging and low defect formation energy of hydrogen interstitials. Our findings demonstrate that hydrogen embrittlement can only be understood if measured in situ and in real-time during the embrittlement process.	Jun 2023
	Polymer and soft matter research at Diamond Light Source N. J. Terrill , A. Bombardi , F. Carla , G. Cinque , M. J. Derry , A. Milsom , G. Siligardi , T. Snow , P. D. Topham , X. B. Zeng , T. Zinn Synchrotron Radiation News DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2207456 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Polymer and soft matter research have played an integral part in the development of Diamond Light Source ever since the facility took its first users in 2007. Early experiments explored highly swollen cubic lipid scaffolds using pressure to elicit phase transitions and liquid-crystal engineering . The facility now comprises 33 active synchrotron instruments, together with 13 electron microscopes, and other offline facilities. Diamond has an active polymer and soft matter science program exploring new phase space as well as many in operando studies. Later in the article, we will describe the opportunities available to this research community from the planned machine upgrade, which includes a higher-energy, lower divergence ring with better coherence.	Jun 2023
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	3-Dimensional analysis of fatigue crack fields and crack growth by in situ synchrotron X-ray tomography A. Koko , S. Singh , S. Barhli , T. Connolley , N. T. Vo , T. Wigger , D. Liu , Y. Fu , J. Réthoré , J. Lechambre , J.-Y. Buffiere , T. J. Marrow International Journal Of Fatigue 170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2023.107541 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12585] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The propagation rate of a fatigue crack in a nodular cast iron, loaded in cyclic tension, has been studied in situ by X-ray computed tomography and digital volume correlation. The semi-elliptical crack initiated from an asymmetric corner notch and evolved to a semi-circular shape, initially with a higher growth rate towards one edge of the notch before the propagation rate along the crack front became essentially independent of po-sition. The phase congruency of the displacement field was used to measure the crack shape. The three-dimensional stress intensity factors were calculated via a linear elastic finite element model that used the displacement fields around the crack front as the boundary conditions. Closure of the crack tip region was observed. The cyclic change in the local mode I opening of the crack tip determined the local fatigue crack propaga-tion rate along the crack front.	May 2023
B18-Core EXAFS	Alternative reductants for foam control during vitrification of high-iron High Level Waste (HLW) feeds J. C. Rigby , D. R. Dixon , J. Kloužek , R. Pokorný , P. B. J. Thompson , A. Scrimshire , A. A. Kruger , A. M. T. Bell , P. A. Bingham Journal Of Non-Crystalline Solids 608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122240 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [26801] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Foaming during vitrification of radioactive waste in Joule-Heated Ceramic Melters (JHCM) is exacerbated by trapping of evolving gases, such as CO2, NOx and O2, beneath a viscous reaction layer. Foaming restricts heat transfer during melting. Sucrose is employed as the baseline additive at the Hanford site in Washington State, USA to reduce foaming. Alternative carbon-based reductant additives were explored in simulated, inactive Hanford high-iron HLW-NG-Fe2 feeds, for both their effect on foaming and to give insight to the behaviour of multivalent species in glass melts under different redox conditions. Graphite, coke (93% C), formic acid and HEDTA additives were compared with sucrose, and a feed with no additive. Graphite and coke additions proved most effective in reducing the maximum foam volume by 51 ± 3% and 54 ± 2%, respectively, compared with 24 ± 5% for sucrose. Lower foaming could result in more efficient vitrification in JHCMs. Reductants also affected redox ratios in the multivalent species present in the feed. The order of reduction, Mn3+/Mn2+ > Cr6+/Cr3+ > Ce3+/Ce4+ > Fe3+/Fe2+ was as predicted on the basis of their redox potentials. There is less reduction overall, particularly in the Fe3+ → Fe2+, than predicted by the calculations, attributed to the oxygenated atmosphere of the experiments.	May 2023
Krios I-Titan Krios I at Diamond	Investigation of the milling characteristics of different focused-ion-beam sources assessed by three-dimensional electron diffraction from crystal lamellae James M. Parkhurst , Adam D. Crawshaw , C. Alistair Siebert , Maud Dumoux , C. David Owen , Pedro Nunes , David Waterman , Thomas Glen , David I. Stuart , James H. Naismith , Gwyndaf Evans Iucrj 10 DOI: 10.1107/S2052252523001902 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) from nanocrystals of biological macromolecules requires the use of very small crystals. These are typically less than 300 nm-thick in the direction of the electron beam due to the strong interaction between electrons and matter. In recent years, focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling has been used in the preparation of thin samples for 3DED. These instruments typically use a gallium liquid metal ion source. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources in principle offer faster milling rates. Little work has been done to quantify the damage these sources cause to delicate biological samples at cryogenic temperatures. Here, an analysis of the effect that milling with plasma FIB (pFIB) instrumentation has on lysozyme crystals is presented. This work evaluates both argon and xenon plasmas and compares them with crystals milled with a gallium source. A milling protocol was employed that utilizes an overtilt to produce wedge-shaped lamellae with a shallow thickness gradient which yielded very thin crystalline samples. 3DED data were then acquired and standard data-processing statistics were employed to assess the quality of the diffraction data. An upper bound to the depth of the pFIB-milling damage layer of between 42.5 and 50 nm is reported, corresponding to half the thickness of the thinnest lamellae that resulted in usable diffraction data. A lower bound of between 32.5 and 40 nm is also reported, based on a literature survey of the minimum amount of diffracting material required for 3DED.	May 2023
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Fast extraction of three-dimensional nanofiber orientation from WAXD patterns using machine learning Minghui Sun , Zheng Dong , Liyuan Wu , Haodong Yao , Wenchao Niu , Deting Xu , Ping Chen , Himadri S. Gupta , Yi Zhang , Yuhui Dong , Chunying Chen , Lina Zhao Iucrj 10 DOI: 10.1107/S205225252300204X Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Structural disclosure of biological materials can help our understanding of design disciplines in nature and inspire research for artificial materials. Synchrotron microfocus X-ray diffraction is one of the main techniques for characterizing hierarchically structured biological materials, especially the 3D orientation distribution of their interpenetrating nanofiber networks. However, extraction of 3D fiber orientation from X-ray patterns is still carried out by iterative parametric fitting, with disadvantages of time consumption and demand for expertise and initial parameter estimates. When faced with high-throughput experiments, existing analysis methods cannot meet the real time analysis challenges. In this work, using the assumption that the X-ray illuminated volume is dominated by two groups of nanofibers in a gradient biological composite, a machine-learning based method is proposed for fast and automatic fiber orientation metrics prediction from synchrotron X-ray micro-focused diffraction data. The simulated data were corrupted in the training procedure to guarantee the prediction ability of the trained machine-learning algorithm in real-world experimental data predictions. Label transformation was used to resolve the jump discontinuity problem when predicting angle parameters. The proposed method shows promise for application in the automatic data-processing pipeline for fast analysis of the vast data generated from multiscale diffraction-based tomography characterization of textured biomaterials.	May 2023
	Multi-dimensional characterization of battery materials Ralf F. Ziesche , Thomas M. M. Heenan , Pooja Kumari , Jarrod Williams , Weiqun Li , Matthew E. Curd , Timothy L. Burnett , Ian Robinson , Dan J. L. Brett , Matthias J. Ehrhardt , Paul D. Quinn , Layla B. Mehdi , Philip J. Withers , Melanie Britton , Nigel D. Browning , Paul R. Shearing Advanced Energy Materials 101 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202300103 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Demand for low carbon energy storage has highlighted the importance of imaging techniques for the characterization of electrode microstructures to determine key parameters associated with battery manufacture, operation, degradation, and failure both for next generation lithium and other novel battery systems. Here, recent progress and literature highlights from magnetic resonance, neutron, X-ray, focused ion beam, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are summarized. Two major trends are identified: First, the use of multi-modal microscopy in a correlative fashion, providing contrast modes spanning length- and time-scales, and second, the application of machine learning to guide data collection and analysis, recognizing the role of these tools in evaluating large data streams from increasingly sophisticated imaging experiments.	May 2023
I18-Microfocus Spectroscopy	Intermediates during the nucleation of platinum nanoparticles by a reaction with ethylene glycol: operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies with a microfluidic cell Sylvia Britto , Christopher M. A. Parlett , Stuart Bartlett , Joshua D. Elliott , Konstantin Ignatyev , Sven L. M. Schroeder The Journal Of Physical Chemistry C 38 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08749 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [21484] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Using operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy in a continuous-flow microfluidic cell, we have investigated the nucleation of platinum nanoparticles from aqueous hexachloroplatinate solution in the presence of the reducing agent ethylene glycol. By adjusting flow rates in the microfluidic channel, we resolved the temporal evolution of the reaction system in the first few seconds, generating the time profiles for speciation, ligand exchange, and reduction of Pt. Detailed analysis of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra with multivariate data analysis shows that at least two reaction intermediates are involved in the transformation of the precursor H2PtCl6 to metallic platinum nanoparticles, including the formation of clusters with Pt–Pt bonding before complete reduction to Pt nanoparticles.	May 2023

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