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128 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 41 to 50.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Detection of mycoplasma in contaminated mammalian cell culture using FTIR microspectroscopy Katia Wehbe , Marzia Vezzalini , Gianfelice Cinque Analytical And Bioanalytical Chemistry 84 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0987-9 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Mycoplasma contamination represents a significant problem to the culture of mammalian cells used for research as it can cause disastrous effects on eukaryotic cells by altering cellular parameters leading to unreliable experimental results. Mycoplasma cells are very small bacteria therefore they cannot be detected by visual inspection using a visible light microscope and, thus, can remain unnoticed in the cell cultures for long periods. The detection techniques used nowadays to reveal mycoplasma contamination are time consuming and expensive with each having significant drawbacks. The ideal detection should be simple to perform with minimal preparation time, rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive. To our knowledge, for the first time, we employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to investigate whether we can differentiate between control cells and the same cells which have been infected with mycoplasmas during the culturing process. Chemometric methods such as HCA and PCA were used for the data analysis in order to detect spectral differences between control and intentionally infected cells, and spectral markers were revealed even at low contamination level. The preliminary results showed that FTIR has the potential to be used in the future as a reliable complementary detection technique for mycoplasma-infected cells.	Mar 2018
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Metamorphic records of multiple seismic cycles during subduction Daniel R. Viete , Bradley R. Hacker , Mark B. Allen , Gareth G. E. Seward , Mark J. Tobin , Chris S. Kelley , Gianfelice Cinque , Andrew R. Duckworth Science Advances 4 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq0234 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [14590] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Large earthquakes occur in rocks undergoing high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphism during subduction. Rhythmic major-element zoning in garnet is a common product of such metamorphism, and one that must record a fundamental subduction process. We argue that rhythmic major-element zoning in subduction zone garnets from the Franciscan Complex, California, developed in response to growth-dissolution cycles driven by pressure pulses. Using electron probe microanalysis and novel techniques in Raman and synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, we demonstrate that at least four such pressure pulses, of magnitude 100–350 MPa, occurred over less than 300,000 years. These pressure magnitude and time scale constraints are most consistent with the garnet zoning having resulted from periodic overpressure development-dissipation cycles, related to pore-fluid pressure fluctuations linked to earthquake cycles. This study demonstrates that some metamorphic reactions can track individual earthquake cycles and thereby opens new avenues to the study of seismicity.	Mar 2018
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Reactions of Dimethylether in Single Crystals of the Silicoaluminophosphate STA-7 Studied via Operando Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy Russell F. Howe , Suwardiyanto Suwardiyanto , David J. Price , Maria Castro , Paul A. Wright , Alex Greenaway , Mark D. Frogley , Gianfelice Cinque Topics In Catalysis 36 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0890-9 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [11766, 13725] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy has been applied to measure in situ the reaction of dimethylether in single crystals of the silicoaluminophosphate STA-7. The crystals are found to contain a uniform and homogeneous distribution of acidic hydroxyl groups. Dimethylether is hydrogen bonded to the hydroxyl groups at low temperatures, but evidence is found for dissociation to form surface methoxy groups above 473 K, and aromatic hydrocarbon pool species above 573 K. From time resolved infrared measurements coupled with MS analysis of evolved products it is concluded that alkene formation occurs via a direct mechanism from reaction of dimethylether with surface methoxy groups.	Jan 2018
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	Confinement of iodine molecules into triple-helical chains within robust metal–organic frameworks Xinran Zhang , Ivan Da Silva , Harry G. W. Godfrey , Samantha K. Callear , Sergey A. Sapchenko , Yongqiang Cheng , Inigo J. Vitorica-yrezabal , Mark D. Frogley , Gianfelice Cinque , Chiu C. Tang , Carlotta Giacobbe , Catherine Dejoie , Svemir Rudic , Anibal J. Ramirez-cuesta , Melissa A. Denecke , Sihai Yang , Martin Schroeder Journal Of The American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08748 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [14341, 14938] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: During the nuclear waste disposal process, radioactive iodine in fission product can be released. The widespread implementation of sustainable nuclear energy thus requires the development of efficient iodine stores that have simultaneously high capacity, stability and more importantly, storage density (and hence minimised system volume). Here, we report high I2 adsorption in a series of robust porous metal-organic materials, MFM-300(M) (M = Al, Sc, Fe, In). MFM-300(Sc) exhibits fully reversible I2 uptake of 1.54 g g-1 and its structure remains completely unperturbed upon inclusion/removal of I2. Direct observation and quantification of the adsorption, binding domains and dynamics of guest I2 molecules within these hosts have been achieved using XPS, TGA-MS, high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction, pair distribution function analysis, Raman, terahertz and neutron spectroscopy, coupled with density functional theory modelling. These complimentary techniques reveal a comprehensive understanding on the host-I2 and I2-I2 binding interaction at a molecular level. The initial binding site of I2 in MFM-300(Sc), I2I, is located near the bridging hydroxyl group of the [ScO4(OH)2] moiety [I2I···H–O = 2.263(9) Å] with an occupancy of 0.268. I2II is located interstitially between two phenyl rings of neighbouring ligand molecules [I2II···phenyl ring = 3.378(9) and 4.228(5) Å]. I2II is 4.565(2) Å from the hydroxyl group with an occupancy of 0.208. Significantly, at high I2 loading an unprecedented self-aggregation of I2 molecules into triple-helical chains within the confined nano-voids has been observed at crystallographic resolution, leading to a highly efficient packing of I2 molecules with an exceptional I2 storage density of 3.08 g cm-3 in MFM-300(Sc).	Oct 2017
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Microanalytical study of luster glazed gilding and silvering from Baroque altarpieces Nati Salvado , Salvador Buti , Carme Clemente , Victoria Beltran , Gianfelice Cinque , Jordi Juanhuix , Trinitat Pradell Pure And Applied Chemistry DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0602 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [8153, 12570] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Lustering, a technique which involved the application of coloured translucent glazes over gilding and silvering was widely used to enrich and decorate altarpieces in the Baroque period. The decorations consist of a micrometric multilayered structure including several color glazes, metallic leaves and bole applied over a plaster ground. The collection of Baroque altarpieces, the oldest dating 1671 and the newest 1775 from the cathedral of Tortosa (Catalonia), is a perfect case of study of the materials used and the techniques employed throughout the period. Further information is obtained from the analysis of the reaction and aging compounds resulting from the interaction among the compounds present in the layers and between the different layers. A combination of sensitive analytical techniques, Synchrotron based μ-XRD and μ-IR and SEM-EDS which enabled the luster samples to undergo analysis without altering their original layered microstructure were selected. The nature of the compounds used to produce the yellow, green, red and blue glazes (pigments, pigment lakes and resins), metallic leaves and boles is presented. Relevant information from historical and conservation viewpoints about the origin and nature of the materials used, the making of the lusters and their reactivity and aging are also discussed.	Sep 2017
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Probing Dielectric Properties of Metal-Organic Frameworks: MIL‑53(Al) as a Model System for Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Measurements via Synchrotron Far- and Mid-InfraRed Spectroscopy Kirill Titov , Zhixin Zeng , Matthew R. Ryder , Abhijeet K. Chaudhari , Bartolomeo Civalleri , Chris S. Kelley , Mark D. Frogley , Gianfelice Cinque , Jin-chong Tan The Journal Of Physical Chemistry Letters DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02003 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [14902] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Emerging nanoporous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), are promising low-k dielectrics central to next-generation electronics and high-speed communication. Hitherto, the dielectric characterization of MOFs is scarce, with very limited experimental data for guiding new materials design and synthesis. Herein we demonstrate the efficacy of high-resolution synchrotron infrared (IR) specular reflectance experiments, to study the dynamic dielectric properties of a flexible MOF structure: bi-stable MIL-53(Al) that exhibits switching between a large pore (LP) and a narrow pore (NP) architecture. We show the ratio of LP:NP content of a polycrystalline sample can be changed via increased mechanical stress applied for pelletizing the MIL-53(Al) powder. We quantify the frequency-dependent dielectric constants over ~1 to 120 THz, identifying all dielectric transitions as a function of stress and phase mixtures, showing how porosity modifies MOF’s dielectric properties.	Sep 2017
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Synchrotron-Based Infrared Spectral Imaging at the MIRIAM Beamline of Diamond Light Source Gianfelice Cinque , Mark D. Frogley , Katia Wehbe , T.-n. Que Nguyen , Ann Fitzpatrick , Chris S. Kelley Synchrotron Radiation News 30, 11 - 16 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2017.1338416 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Infrared (IR) spectral imaging is a quantitative scientific technique for measuring both the molecular composition and its spatial distribution across large areas of materials. Synchrotron radiation (SR) enhances IR imaging with a broad spectral bandwidth unobtainable with a conventional laboratory source or laser (covering 10000 to 5 cm-1), while the high collimation and small size of the SRIR source provide a diffraction-limited microbeam. The use of a few micron-sized aperture for IR imaging has a clear advantage in SR in terms of spectral quality, due to the high spectral flux reaching microspots of the sample even at the lowest wavenumbers. In this article, we present IR imaging examples developed mostly in collaboration with the user community and the staff of the IR beamline MIRIAM (Multimode InfraRed Imaging And Microspectroscopy) at Diamond Light Source [1 G. Cinque et al., Synchrotron Radiation News 24(5), 24–33 (2011). [Taylor & Francis Online], [Google Scholar] ]. The layout of the MIRIAM beamline (B22) is shown in Figure 1. Optically, this is composed of a UHV vacuum vessel including a two periscope system each with two metal mirrors, allowing refocusing and overcoming a midway shield wall (not shown). From the right, the bending magnet source illuminates a first flat mirror (with a horizontal slot rejecting X-rays) that reflects the SRIR fan onto an ellipsoidal mirror. The SRIR is focused midway and collected by another ellipsoidal mirror that redirects it down onto a double flat mirror; this can be translated laterally to send the focused SRIR to either of the two end stations (or part of the beam to both) through wedged diamond windows. The two experimental end stations are composed of Bruker Vertex 80V in-vacuum Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) interferometers with Hyperion 3000 IR microscopes. The IR detectors are broadband or high-sensitivity MCT (mercury cadmium telluride; 100 μm or 50 μm pitch) for point-by-point microscopy, and photovoltaic MCT focal plane array (FPA) 64 × 64 pixel detectors for full-field imaging.	Aug 2017
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Molecular structure of human aortic valve by µSR- FTIR microscopy Anna M. Borkowska , Michal Nowakowski , Grzegorz J. Lis , Katia Wehbe , Gianfelice Cinque , Wojciech M. Kwiatek Nuclear Instruments And Methods In Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions With Materials And Atoms 411, 129-135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2017.06.021 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12573] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Aortic valve is a part of the heart most frequently affected by pathological processes in humans what constitute a very serious health problem. Therefore, studies of morphology and molecular microstructure of the AV are needed. µSR- FTIR spectroscopy and microscopy represent unique tools to study chemical composition of the tissue and to identify spectroscopic markers characteristic for structural and functional features. Normal AV reveals a multi-layered structure and the compositional and structural changes within particular layers may trigger degenerative processes within the valve. Thus, deep insight into the structure of the valve to understand pathological processes occurring in AV is needed. In order to identify differences between three layers of human AV, tissue sections of macroscopically normal AV were studied using µSR- FTIR spectroscopy in combination with histological and histochemical stainings. Tissue sections deposited onto CaF2 substrates were mapped and representative set of IR spectra collected from fibrosa, spongiosa and ventricularis were analysed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in the spectral range between 1850–1000 cm−1 and 3050–2750 cm−1. PCA revealed a layered molecular structure of the valve and it was possible to identify IR bands associated to different tissue parts. Spongiosa layer was well differentiated from other two layers mainly based on IR bands characteristic for the distribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the tissue – like 1170 cm−1 (υas(C-O-S)) and 1380 cm−1 (acetyl amino group). Additionally, it was distinguished from fibrosa and ventricularis based on 1085 cm−1 and 1240 cm−1 bands characteristic for GAGs and for carbohydrates- ν(C-O) and ν(C-O-C) respectively and nucleic acids -νsym(PO2−) and νasym(PO2−) respectively, which were less specific for this layer. The use of µSR- FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated co-localization of GAGs and lipids in spongiosa layer what may indicate their contribution in the very early phase of aortic valve calcific degeneration.	Jul 2017
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Tracking thermal-induced amorphization of a zeolitic imidazolate framework via synchrotron in situ far-infrared spectroscopy Matthew R. Ryder , Thomas Bennett , Chris S. Kelley , Mark D. Frogley , Gianfelice Cinque , Jin-chong Tan Chem. Commun. 341 DOI: 10.1039/C7CC01985H Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10215] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We present the first use of in situ far-infrared spectroscopy to analyze the thermal amorphization of a zeolitic imidazolate framework material. We explain the nature of vibrational motion changes during the amorphization process and reveal new insights into the effect that temperature has on the Zn–N tetrahedra.	Jun 2017
B22-Multimode InfraRed imaging And Microspectroscopy	Detecting Molecular Rotational Dynamics Complementing the Low-Frequency Terahertz Vibrations in a Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework Matthew R. Ryder , Ben Van De Voorde , Bartolomeo Civalleri , Thomas D. Bennett , Sanghamitra Mukhopadhyay , Gianfelice Cinque , Felix Fernandez-alonso , Dirk De Vos , Svemir Rudic , Jin-chong Tan Physical Review Letters 118 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.255502 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10215] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We show clear experimental evidence of cooperative terahertz (THz) dynamics observed below 3 THz (∼100 cm−1), for a low-symmetry Zr-based metal-organic framework structure, termed MIL–140A [ZrO(O2C−C6H4−CO2)]. Utilizing a combination of high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering and synchrotron radiation far-infrared spectroscopy, we measured low-energy vibrations originating from the hindered rotations of organic linkers, whose energy barriers and detailed dynamics have been elucidated via ab initio density functional theory calculations. The complex pore architecture caused by the THz rotations has been characterized. We discovered an array of soft modes with trampolinelike motions, which could potentially be the source of anomalous mechanical phenomena such as negative thermal expansion. Our results demonstrate coordinated shear dynamics (2.47 THz), a mechanism which we have shown to destabilize the framework structure, in the exact crystallographic direction of the minimum shear modulus (Gmin).	Jun 2017

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