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69 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 61 to 69.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	Beamline I11 at Diamond: A new instrument for high resolution powder diffraction J. Potter , T. Hill , A. Birt , F. Yuan , J. Parker , C. Tang , S. Thompson , T. Cobb Review Of Scientific Instruments 80 (7) DOI: 10.1063/1.3167217 PMID: 19655981 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The performance characteristics of a new synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction beamline (I11) at the Diamond Light Source are presented. Using an in-vacuum undulator for photon production and deploying simple x-ray optics centered around a double-crystal monochromator and a pair of harmonic rejection mirrors, a high brightness and low bandpass x-ray beam is delivered at the sample. To provide fast data collection, 45 Si(111) analyzing crystals and detectors are installed onto a large and high precision diffractometer. High resolution powder diffraction data from standard reference materials of Si, alpha-quartz, and LaB(6) are used to characterize instrumental performance.	Jul 2009
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	High-Throughput Continuous Hydrothermal Synthesis of an Entire Nanoceramic Phase Diagram Xiaole Weng , Geoffrey Hyett , Martin Vickers , Paul Boldrin , Chiu Tang , Stephen Thompson , Jonathan Knowles , Ihtesham Rehman , Ivan Parkin , Julian R. G. Evans , Jawwad Darr , J K Cockcroft , Julia Parker Journal Of Combinatorial Chemistry 11 (5), 829-834 DOI: 10.1021/cc900041a PMID: 19594110 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A novel High-Throughput Continuous Hydrothermal (HiTCH) flow synthesis reactor was used to make directly and rapidly a 66-sample nanoparticle library (entire phase diagram) of nanocrystalline Ce(x)Zr(y)Y(z)O(2-delta) in less than 12 h. High resolution PXRD data were obtained for the entire heat-treated library (at 1000 degrees C/I h) in less than a day using the new robotic beamline III, located at Diamond Light Source (DLS). This allowed Rietveld-quality powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data collection of the entire 66-sample library in <1 day. Consequently, the authors rapidly mapped Out phase behavior and sintering behaviors for the entire library. Out of the entire 66-sample heat-treated library, the PXRD data suggests that 43 possess the fluorite structure, of which 30 (out of 36) are tertiary compositions. The speed, quantity and quality of data obtained by our new approach, offers an exciting new development which will allow structure-property relationships to be accessed for nanoceramics in much shorter time periods.	Jul 2009
NONE-No attached Diamond beamline	The Ikaite to Vaterite Transformation: New Evidence from Diffraction and Imaging F. Azough , K. Kato , A. R. Lennie , J. E. Parker , C. C. Tang , S. P. Thompson Journal Of Applied Crystallography 42, 225-233 DOI: 10.1107/S0021889809005810 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Vaterite is one of three polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) found in nature, the others being calcite and aragonite. Here the formation of vaterite from decomposition of ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) was investigated using synchrotron powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallite sizes of vaterite (40 nm) were found to be much smaller than those of the precursor ikaite (0.5-1.0 µm) as a result of vaterite nucleating as ikaite dehydrates. The rate of decomposition to vaterite increases with temperature, indicating kinetic control of this transformation. It is postulated that the structural arrangement of the hydration sphere around Ca2+ in ikaite determines the orientation of Ca2+ and CO32- ions such that vaterite nucleates upon dehydration. This implies that the dehydration of a precursor hydrated phase such as ikaite is required for vaterite nucleation.	Apr 2009
	Structural signatures of medium-range order in annealed laboratory silicates Stephen Thompson Astronomy & Astrophysics 484 (1), 251-265 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20078675 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Context. Silicate dust grains exist in a wide range of astronomical environments and understanding the effect of these on grain structure is of great interest, particularly the effect of thermal annealing on amorphous silicates as a possible route to the formation of crystalline grains. Although laboratory simulations have largely focussed on IR-spectroscopic measurements, since these relate directly to observational data, laboratory synchrotron techniques such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray scattering are becoming increasingly routine in the analysis of recovered materials. With the increasing prospect of performing astronomical XAS observations, there is much to be gained from applying these techniques to laboratory analogues. Aims. Diagnostic markers for medium-range order and the effect of thermal annealing on these in amorphous silicates of differing Mg content are characterised using synchrotron X-ray methods. Methods. Three synthetic amorphous silicates with high, medium and low Mg:Si ratios were annealed at varying temperatures up to 1300 K. X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra at the Si and Mg K-shell absorption edges and X-ray scattering patterns for low values of the X-ray scattering wavevector were recorded for these along with comparative data for commercially produced amorphous SiO2 and mineral samples of forsterite, enstatite and quartz. Results. XANES features due to short- and medium-range structure are identified at both Mg and Si edges and a new temperature dependent behaviour observed in the medium-range structure surrounding Mg and Si. Based on changes to the morphological details of the XANES spectra, the medium-range structure changes between an enstatite-like and forsterite-like coordination with increasing temperature and appears to correlate directly with Mg content. Low wavevector X-ray scattering features were also found to be diagnostic of the type of medium-range structural ordering. However, these features depend on whether the relative arrangement of clusters of medium-range structure exhibit semi-periodic ordering over the longer-range, which can vary with annealing.	Jun 2008
Detectors	High-performance X-ray detectors for the new powder diffraction beamline I11 at Diamond Chiu Tang , Brian Willis , Gareth Derbyshire , Anthony G. Wright , Stephen C. Jaye , J. Michael Homer , John D. Pizzey , Anthony M. T. Bell , Stephen Thompson , Nicola Tartoni Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 15, 43-49 DOI: 10.1107/S0909049507046250 PMID: 18097077 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The design and performance characterization of a new light-weight and compact X-ray scintillation detector is presented. The detectors are intended for use on the new I11 powder diffraction beamline at the third-generation Diamond synchrotron facility where X-ray beams of high photon brightness are generated by insertion devices. The performance characteristics of these detection units were measured first using a radioactive source (efficiency of detection and background count rate) and then synchrotron X-rays (peak stability, light yield linearity and response consistency). Here, the results obtained from these tests are reported, and the suitability of the design for the Diamond powder beamline is demonstrated by presenting diffraction data obtained from a silicon powder standard using a prototype multicrystal analyser stage.	Jan 2008
	Design of powder diffraction beamline (BL-I11) at Diamond Chiu Tang , Stephen Thompson , Tim Hill , G Wilkin , Ulrich Wagner Zeitschrift Fur Kristallographie 2007, 153 - 158 DOI: 10.1524/zksu.2007.2007.suppl_26.153 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We present the design of a synchrotron x-ray beamline (BL-I11) dedicated to powder diffraction experiments, currently under construction at Diamond Light Source (DLS). An in-vaCLIurn Lindulator will provide an intense and highly collimated x-ray Source and with the necessary optics, a high purity beam of low energy-bandpass x-rays in the range 5-30 keV will be delivered at the sample. The diffraction instrument is designed to have the flexibility to house a variety of sample environments and to have two detection systems to collect high quality diffraction data, i.e. multi-analysing crystals for high angular resolution experiments and a fast position sensitive detector for tirne-resolved studies. BL-I11 will be a powerful state-of-the-art dedicated user facility for high resolution (d-space and time) powder diffraction studies of polycrystalline materials under ambient and non-ambient conditions.	Nov 2007
	Beamline I11 at Diamond - new powder diffraction facility for mineral sciences Chiu Tang , Stephen Thompson , Tim Hill , G. Wilkin , Luis Varandas , Tom Cobb Frontiers in Mineral Sciences 2007	Jun 2007
	The I11 Powder Diffraction Beamline At Diamond Stephen Thompson , Chiu Tang , Tim Hill , G Wilkin , Ulrich Wagner 25th Annual BCA Spring Meeting	Apr 2007
	Crystallisation processes in cosmic silicates: Laboratory progress towards understanding structural-spectral relationships Stephen Thompson , Claudia Verrienti , Sergio Fonti , Vincenzo Orofino , Armando Blanco Advances In Space Research 39, 375-391 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.009 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: We present a laboratory study of crystallisation in three annealed amorphous Mg-silicates with decreasing Mg:Si, using IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Crystallisation of high Mg:Si silicate was accompanied by the development of features in both 10 and 20 ?m bands. Crystallisation was not observed for low Mg:Si, but features developed at 10 ?m while the 20 ?m band remained largely amorphous. At intermediate Mg:Si, amorphous structural rearrangement occurred prior to crystallisation, with features in the 10 ?m band developing ahead of the 20 ?m band. The spectroscopy results imply short-range ordering precedes long-range ordering, however X-ray diffraction on annealed samples showed crystallisation occurring first over long-ranges, with each silicate retaining shorter-range disorder. The discrepancy is resolved if the notion of 10 ?m band features being solely attributable to macroscopic crystallinity is abandoned. We argue such features, although present in crystalline silicates, arise initially from Si–O bond ordering, which precedes the formation of bulk crystalline structure. Astronomical observations at 10 ?m, in isolation, may therefore not be reliable indicators of the physical state of grains.	Jun 2005

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