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148 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 31 to 40.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I10-Beamline for Advanced Dichroism	Taking a hard line with biotemplating: cobalt-doped magnetite magnetic nanoparticle arrays Scott M. Bird , Johanna Galloway , Andrea Rawlings , Jonathan Bramble , Sarah Staniland Nanoscale 7, 7340 - 7351 DOI: 10.1039/C5NR00651A Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Rapid advancements made in technology, and the drive towards miniaturisation, means that we require reliable, sustainable and cost effective methods of manufacturing a wide range of nanomaterials. In this bioinspired study, we take advantage of millions of years of evolution, and adapt a biomineralisation protein for surface patterning of biotemplated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We employ soft-lithographic micro-contact printing to pattern a recombinant version of the biomineralisation protein Mms6 (derived from the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1). The Mms6 attaches to gold surfaces via a cysteine residue introduced into the N-terminal region. The surface bound protein biotemplates highly uniform MNPs of magnetite onto patterned surfaces during an aqueous mineralisation reaction (with a mean diameter of 90 ± 15 nm). The simple addition of 6% cobalt to the mineralisation reaction maintains the uniformity in grain size (with a mean diameter of 84 ± 14 nm), and results in the production of MNPs with a much higher coercivity (increased from ≈156 Oe to ≈377 Oe). Biotemplating magnetic nanoparticles on patterned surfaces could form a novel, environmentally friendly route for the production of bit-patterned media, potentially the next generation of ultra-high density magnetic data storage devices. This is a simple method to fine-tune the magnetic hardness of the surface biotemplated MNPs, and could easily be adapted to biotemplate a wide range of different nanomaterials on surfaces to create a range of biologically templated devices.	Mar 2015
B23-Circular Dichroism	Artificial membrane-binding proteins stimulate oxygenation of stem cells during engineering of large cartilage tissue James Armstrong , Rameen Shakur , Joseph Horne , Sally C. Dickinson , Craig T. Armstrong , Katherine Lau , Juned Kadiwala , Robert Lowe , Annela Seddon , Stephen Mann , Ross Anderson , Adam Perriman , Anthony P. Hollander Nature Communications 6 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8405 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10505] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Restricted oxygen diffusion can result in central cell necrosis in engineered tissue, a problem that is exacerbated when engineering large tissue constructs for clinical application. Here we show that pre-treating human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with synthetic membrane-active myoglobin-polymersurfactant complexes can provide a reservoir of oxygen capable of alleviating necrosis at the centre of hyaline cartilage. This is achieved through the development of a new cell functionalization methodology based on polymersurfactant conjugation, which allows the delivery of functional proteins to the hMSC membrane. This new approach circumvents the need for cell surface engineering using protein chimerization or genetic transfection, and we demonstrate that the surface-modified hMSCs retain their ability to proliferate and to undergo multilineage differentiation. The functionalization technology is facile, versatile and non-disruptive, and in addition to tissue oxygenation, it should have far-reaching application in a host of tissue engineering and cell-based therapies.	Jun 2015
I04-Macromolecular Crystallography	Cooperative folding of intrinsically disordered domains drives assembly of a strong elongated protein Dominika Gruszka , Fiona Whelan , Oliver E. Farrance , Herman K. H. Fung , Emanuele Paci , Cy M. Jeffries , Dmitri I. Svergun , Clair Baldock , Christoph G. Baumann , David J. Brockwell , Jennifer Potts , Jane Clarke Nature Communications 6, 1015-1030 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8271 PMID: 26027519 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [7864] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Bacteria exploit surface proteins to adhere to other bacteria, surfaces and host cells. Such proteins need to project away from the bacterial surface and resist significant mechanical forces. SasG is a protein that forms extended fibrils on the surface of Staphylococcus aureus and promotes host adherence and biofilm formation. Here we show that although monomeric and lacking covalent cross-links, SasG maintains a highly extended conformation in solution. This extension is mediated through obligate folding cooperativity of the intrinsically disordered E domains that couple non-adjacent G5 domains thermodynamically, forming interfaces that are more stable than the domains themselves. Thus, counterintuitively, the elongation of the protein appears to be dependent on the inherent instability of its domains. The remarkable mechanical strength of SasG arises from tandemly arrayed ‘clamp’ motifs within the folded domains. Our findings reveal an elegant minimal solution for the assembly of monomeric mechano-resistant tethers of variable length.	Jun 2015
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Highly flexible silica/chitosan hybrid scaffolds with oriented pores for tissue regeneration Daming Wang , Frederik Romer , Louise Connell , Claudia Walter , Eduardo Saiz , Sheng Yue , Peter Lee , David S. Mcphail , John V. Hanna , Julian R. Jones Journal Of Materials Chemistry B DOI: 10.1039/C5TB00767D Diamond Proposal Number(s): [9866] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Inorganic/organic sol-gel hybrids have nanoscale co-networks of organic and inorganic components that give them the unique potential of tailored mechanical properties and controlled biodegradation in tissue engineering applications. Here, silica/chitosan hybrid scaffolds with oriented structures were fabricated through the sol-gel method with a unidirectional freeze casting process. 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was used to obtain covalent inorganic/organic coupling. Process variables were investigated such as cooling rate, GPTMS and inorganic content, which can be used to tailor the mechanical properties and hybrid chemical coupling. Structural characterization and dissolution tests confirmed the covalent cross-linking of the chitosan and the silica network in hybrids. The scaffolds had a directional lamellar structure along the freezing direction and a cellular morphology perpendicular to the freezing direction. Compression testing showed that the scaffolds with 60 wt % organic were flexible and elastomeric perpendicular to the freezing direction whilst behaving in an elastic-brittle fashion parallel to the freezing direction. The compressive strengths are about one order of magnitude higher in the latter direction reaching values of the order of 160 kPa. This behaviour provides potential for clinicians to be able to squeeze the materials to fit tissue defect sites while providing some mechanical support from the other direction.	Aug 2015
B23-Circular Dichroism	A supramolecular helix that disregards chirality Cécile Roche , Hao-Jan Sun , Pawaret Leowanawat , Fumito Araoka , Benjamin E. Partridge , Mihai Peterca , Daniela A. Wilson , Margaret E. Prendergast , Paul A. Heiney , Robert Graf , Hans W. Spiess , Xiangbing Zeng , Goran Ungar , Virgil Percec Nature Chemistry 8, 80 - 89 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2397 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [4897, 9613] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The functions of complex crystalline systems derived from supramolecular biological and non-biological assemblies typically emerge from homochiral programmed primary structures via first principles involving secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. In contrast, heterochiral and racemic compounds yield disordered crystals, amorphous solids or liquids. Here, we report the self-assembly of perylene bisimide derivatives in a supramolecular helix that in turn self-organizes in columnar hexagonal crystalline domains regardless of the enantiomeric purity of the perylene bisimide. We show that both homochiral and racemic perylene bisimide compounds, including a mixture of 21 diastereomers that cannot be deracemized at the molecular level, self-organize to form single-handed helical assemblies with identical single-crystal-like order. We propose that this high crystalline order is generated via a cogwheel mechanism that disregards the chirality of the self-assembling building blocks. We anticipate that this mechanism will facilitate access to previously inaccessible complex crystalline systems from racemic and homochiral building blocks.	Nov 2015
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Structure of lipid multilayers via drop casting of aqueous liposome dispersions Beatrice Sironi , Tim Snow , Christian Redeker , Anna Slastanova , Oier Bikondoa , Tom Arnold , Jacob Klein , Wuge H. Briscoe Soft Matter DOI: 10.1039/C6SM00369A Diamond Proposal Number(s): [1990, 13139] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Solid supported lipid multilayers have been widely studied as model cell membranes and as a platform for novel materials. Conventionally, they are prepared from drop casting or spin coating of lipids dissolved in organic solvents, and lipid multilayers prepared from aqueous media have not been previously reported, due to extremely low lipid solubility (i.e. cmc ~10-9 M) in water. Here, the preparation of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) multilayers by drop casting aqueous small unilamellar and multilamellar vesicle or liposome (i.e. SUV and MLV) dispersions is reported on different surfaces, including mica, positively charged polyethylenimine (PEI) coated mica, and stearic trimethylammonium iodide (STAI) coated mica which exposes a monolayer of hydrocarbon tails. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements using a unique “bending mica” method confirm the DOPC multilayer structure on all these substrates, and the influence of the substrate surface chemistry on the multilayer structure is discussed. We suggest that DOPC liposomes serve both as a delivery matrix where appreciable lipid concentration in water (~25 mg mL-1 or 14 mM, i.e. >107 cmc) is feasible, and as a structural precursor where the lamellar structure is readily retained on rupture of the vesicles at the solid surface upon solvent evaporation to facilitate rapid multilayer formation. Our results point towards a controlled preparation of ordered lipid multilayers by tailoring the liposome homogeneity and substrate surface properties, potentially offering a simple method for the inclusion of hydrophilic functional additives (e.g. drugs or nanoparticles) into lipid multilayer based hybrid materials.	Mar 2016
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	Tuning hardness in calcite by incorporation of amino acids Yi-Yeoun Kim , Joseph D. Carloni , Beatrice Demarchi , David Sparks , David G. Reid , Miki. E. Kunitake , Chiu Tang , Melinda J. Duer , Colin L. Freeman , Boaz Pokroy , Kirsty Penkman , John H. Harding , Lara A. Estroff , Shefford P. Baker , Fiona Meldrum Nature Materials DOI: 10.1038/nmat4631 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [10137] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Structural biominerals are inorganic/organic composites that exhibit remarkable mechanical properties. However, the structure–property relationships of even the simplest building unit—mineral single crystals containing embedded macromolecules—remain poorly understood. Here, by means of a model biomineral made from calcite single crystals containing glycine (0–7 mol%) or aspartic acid (0–4 mol%), we elucidate the origin of the superior hardness of biogenic calcite. We analysed lattice distortions in these model crystals by using X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations, and by means of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance show that the amino acids are incorporated as individual molecules. We also demonstrate that nanoindentation hardness increased with amino acid content, reaching values equivalent to their biogenic counterparts. A dislocation pinning model reveals that the enhanced hardness is determined by the force required to cut covalent bonds in the molecules.	May 2016
I22-Small angle scattering & Diffraction	Uncovering three-dimensional gradients in fibrillar orientation in an impact-resistant biological armour Y. Zhang , O. Paris , N. J. Terrill , H. Gupta Scientific Reports 6 DOI: 10.1038/srep26249 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [8174, 9893, 12483] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The complex hierarchical structure in biological and synthetic fibrous nanocomposites entails considerable difficulties in the interpretation of the crystallographic texture from diffraction data. Here, we present a novel reconstruction method to obtain the 3D distribution of fibres in such systems. An analytical expression is derived for the diffraction intensity from fibres, explaining the azimuthal intensity distribution in terms of the angles of the three dimensional fibre orientation distributions. The telson of stomatopod (mantis shrimp) serves as an example of natural biological armour whose high impact resistance property is believed to arise from the hierarchical organization of alpha chitin nanofibrils into fibres and twisted plywood (Bouligand) structures at the sub-micron and micron scale. Synchrotron microfocus scanning X-ray diffraction data on stomatopod telson were used as a test case to map the 3D fibre orientation across the entire tissue section. The method is applicable to a range of biological and biomimetic structures with graded 3D fibre texture at the sub-micron and micron length scales.	May 2016
	Formation of a thermally stable bilayer of coadsorbed intact and deprotonated thymine exploiting the surface corrugation of rutile TiO2(110) David Duncan , J. H. K. Pfisterer , Peter Deimel , R. G. Acres , M. Fritton , P. Feulner , J. V. Barth , Francesco Allegretti Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics DOI: 10.1039/C6CP02541B Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The adsorption of thymine, a pyrimidine based nucleobase, was studied on the (110) termination of rutile titanium dioxide in order to understand the thermal stability and gross structural parameters of the interaction between a strongly polar adsorbate and a highly corrugated transition metal oxide surface. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed XPS and temperature programmed desorption indicated the growth of a room temperature stable bilayer, which could only be removed by annealing to 450 K. The remaining first layer was remarkably robust, surviving annealing up to 550 K before undergoing N–H bond scission. The comparison to XPS of a sub-monolayer exposure of 1-methyluracil shows that the origin of the room temperature stable bilayer is not intermolecular interactions. This discovery, alongside the deprotonation of one of the first layer's pyrimidinic nitrogen atoms at room temperature, suggests that the thymine molecules in the first layer bind to the undercoordinated surface Ti atoms, and the second layer thymine molecules coordinate with the bridging oxygen atoms which protrude above the Ti surface plane on the (110) surface. The NEXAFS results indicate an almost upright orientation of the molecules in both layers, with a 30 ± 10° tilt away from the surface normal.	Jul 2016
B18-Core EXAFS	Physical and chemical characterization of cerium(IV) oxide nanoparticles Gemma Cepriá , Walvin R. Córdova , Oscar Céspedes , Laura Sánchez-García , Pilar Ferrer Escorihuela , Diego Gianolio , Juan R. Castillo Analytical And Bioanalytical Chemistry 408, 6589 - 6598 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9771-x Diamond Proposal Number(s): [11695] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Chemical composition, size and structure of the nanoparticle are required to describe nanoceria. Nanoparticles of similar size and Ce(III) content might exhibit different chemical behaviour due to their differences in structure. A simple and direct procedure based on affordable techniques for all the laboratories is presented in this paper. The combination of Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy and particle impact coulometry (PIC) allows the characterization of nanoceria of small size from 4 to 65 nm at a concentration from micromolar to nanomolar, a concentration range suitable for the analysis of lab-prepared or commercial nanoparticle suspensions, but too high for most analytical purposes aimed at nanoparticle monitoring. While the PIC limits of size detection are too high to observe small nanoparticles unless catalytic amplification is used, the method provides a simple means to study aggregation of nanoparticles in the media they are needed to be dispersed for each application. Raman spectroscopy provided information about structure of the nanoparticle, and UV-vis about their chemical behaviour against some common reducing and oxidizing agents.	Jul 2016

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