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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Validating 3D two-parameter fracture mechanics for structural integrity assessments C. A. Simpson , S. Tonge , A. Cinar , C. Reinhard , T. J. Marrow , M. Mostafavi Procedia Structural Integrity 13, 965 - 970 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.180 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12606] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In-situ fracture tests were carried out on the I12 beamline at the Diamond Light Source. Four Al-Ti metal-matrix composites (MMCs), with varying combinations of thickness and crack length, were studied to assess for the impact of in-plane and out-of-plane constraint. Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography and synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to measure total strain and elastic strain respectively. The total strain was calculated via digital volume correlation, with Ti particles within the MMC providing sufficient texture to track the internal displacement vectors in 3D. The total, elastic-plastic strain energy release rate, Jtotal was calculated from 2D slices extracted from the 3D displacement field, with Jtotal reaching a maximum value at the sample surface. It is, however, still unclear whether calculating Jtotal on a slice-by-slice basis provides an accurate representation of strain energy release rate across the crack front; techniques to evaluate the J-integral from the full 3D displacement field are being developed.	Dec 2018
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Validating 3D two-parameter fracture mechanics models for structural integrity assessments C. A. Simpson , S. Tonge , T. Connolley , C. Reinhard , T. J. Marrow , M. Mostafavi Theoretical And Applied Fracture Mechanics 102281 DOI: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102281 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12606] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In-situ fracture tests were carried out on the I12 beamline at the Diamond Light Source. Four Al-Ti metal-matrix composites (MMCs), with two crack lengths, were studied to assess for the impact of in-plane constraint. Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography and synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to measure total strain and elastic strain respectively. In this work, the measured elastic strains in the samples are detailed as a function of applied load and compared against those predicted from a 3D elastic-plastic finite element model. The modelled strains increased asymptotically towards the tip of the electro discharge machined notch. The experimental results do not highlight the same response, which is due to a combination of blunting and low experimental spatial resolution. Far field experimental and measured strain fields converged, notably in the test piece containing a long notch ( a/W = 0.5) and higher levels of constraint.	Jun 2019
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Unifying the effects of in and out-of-plane constraint on the fracture of ductile materials S. M. Tonge , C. A. Simpson , C. Reinhard , T. Connolley , A. H. Sherry , T. J. Marrow , M. Mostafavi Journal Of The Mechanics And Physics Of Solids 141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2020.103956 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12606] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Effects of plastic constraint on the fracture of materials have been studied extensively. Often in such studies, the plastic constraint is divided into in-plane and out-of-plane directions and each treated separately. Such a separation adds considerable complexity to the engineering structural integrity assessment analyses. Despite previous suggestions for unifying the effects of constraint in a single parameter, the current engineering assessments have not been updated due to lack of direct experimental validation of such parameters. In this study, we directly measured the effects of in-plane and out-of-plane constraints, for the first time, in the form of plastic zone around the crack using advanced experimental techniques. The measurement of constraints in four specimens with different levels of in and out of plane constraints, allowed us to show and relate the interdependency of in and out of plane constraints. The tests were carried out using synchrotron X-ray tomography with in-situ loading. Attenuation contrast between the constituents of the metal matrix composite material used allowed the tomograms to be analysed using digital volume correlation which calculated the full-field displacement within the samples. The displacement fields were used via a finite element framework to calculate the energy release rate in the form of the J-integral along the crack fronts. The measured plastic zone sizes, dependant on the combined level of in plane and out of plane constraints, were used successfully to rank the J-Integral at fracture of the samples. It was therefore proved the level of plastic constraint can be quantified by using the size of the plastic zone as without separating it into two components thus simplifying the treatment of constraint in structural analyses significantly.	Aug 2020

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