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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Damage evolution in braided composite tubes under torsion studied by in-situ X-ray computed tomography Yuan Chai , Ying Wang , Zeshan Yousaf , Nghia T. Vo , Tristan Lowe , Prasad Potluri , Philip J. Withers Composites Science And Technology DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107976 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13704, 18197] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Here we present the first real-time three dimension (3D) observations of damage evolution in a composite tube under torsion. An in-situ torsion test of 1/1 45° (diamond) braided carbon fibre-epoxy circular composite tube was performed on a loading rig and the damage process was characterised by synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (CT). A number of damage modes and their damage sequence has been identified and monitored globally and in more detail within a representative region of interest. In particular, intra-tow cracks and inter-tow debonding have been found to occur almost simultaneously at low shear strains (1.5%). It is noteworthy that inter-tow debonding was initially trapped/limited within repeated braid units before propagating and connecting with other damage modes in 3D. The area fraction of inter-tow debonds was quantified at different stages and it was found to dramatically increase with increasing shear strain beyond 1.5%. The total volume fraction of the observed intra-tow cracks of various forms was seen to grow rapidly beyond shear strain of 2.0%. Beyond the peak shear stress (at shear strain of 2.5%), fibre micro-buckling and kink bands occur in the tows subjected to torsion induced axial compression at crimped regions close to tow crossovers. Tow crossovers control many aspects of damage propagation under torsion, positively by localising inter-tow debonds and negatively by initiating fibre micro-buckling.	Dec 2019
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Following the effect of braid architecture on performance and damage of carbon fibre/epoxy composite tubes during torsional straining Yuan Chai , Ying Wang , Zeshan Yousaf , Malte Storm , Nghia T. Vo , Kaz Wanelik , Timothy L. Burnett , Prasad Potluri , Philip J. Withers Composites Science And Technology DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108451 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [13704, 18197] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The torsional performance of bi-axially braided carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) tubes as a function of braid architecture is investigated. It is found that for a given braid pattern, the 45° braided CFRP tubes have higher shear moduli and lower shear strength than the 35° braids. In general, 2/2 (regular) braided CFRP tubes exhibit both higher shear strength and higher shear modulus than 1/1 (diamond) braids. However, beyond the peak load, the shear strength of 2/2 braided CFRPs exhibits sudden, steep drops, resulting in a lower remnant shear strength than 1/1 structures after the shear strain exceeds 4.5%. Moreover, the damage evolution is monitored in-situ by synchrotron X-ray computed tomography during torsional straining. It showed that for a 2/2 structure, inter-tow debonded regions are vertically interconnected allowing rapid crack propagation and strength drops, whereas for the 1/1 braid they are distributed in a chequer board causing more gradual loss of strength. The fibre/matrix interfacial strength and tow cross-over density play key roles in the torsional failure of 1/1 and 2/2 braided CFRP tubes, as the former controls damage initiation and the latter controls damage propagation.	Sep 2020

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