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Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published	Actions
	A large-volume gas cell for high-energy X-ray reflectivity investigations of interfaces under pressure Federica Venturini , Sebastian Schoder , Werner F. Kuhs , Veijo Honkimaki , Louis Melesi , Harald Reichert , Helmut Schober , Frederic Thomas Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 18 (2), 251-256 DOI: 10.1107/S0909049510052106 PMID: 21335913 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A cell for the investigation of interfaces under pressure is presented. Given the pressure and temperature specifications of the cell, P < 100 bar and 253 K < T < 323 K, respectively, high-energy X-rays are required to penetrate the thick Al2O3 windows. The CH4(gas)/H2O(liquid) interface has been chosen to test the performance of the new device. The measured dynamic range of the high-energy X-ray reflectivity data exceeds 10-8, thereby demonstrating the validity of the entire experimental set-up.	Jan 2011
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Solid-supported lipid multilayers under high hydrostatic pressure Benedikt Nowak , Michael Paulus , Julia Nase , Paul Salmen , Patrick Degen , Florian Josef Wirkert , Veijo Honkimaki , Metin Tolan Langmuir 32 (11), 2638–2643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04554 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [9856] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: In this work, the structure of solid-supported lipid multilayers exposed to increased hydrostatic pressure was studied in situ by X-ray reflectometry at the solid−liquid interface between silicon and an aqueous buffer solution. The layers’ vertical structure was analyzed up to a maximum pressure of 4500 bar. The multilayers showed phase transitions from the fluid into different gel phases. With increasing pressure, a gradual filling of the sublayers between the hydrophilic head groups with water was observed. This process was inverted when the pressure was decreased, yielding finally smaller water layers than those in the initial state. As is commonly known, water has an abrasive effect on lipid multilayers by the formation of vesicles. We show that increasing pressure can reverse this process so that a controlled switching between multi- and bilayers is possible.	Mar 2016

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