B16-Test Beamline
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Abstract: Intense research activities have been made in the development of high-Z and wide-bandgap compound semiconductor pixel detectors for the next generation X-ray and gamma ray spectroscopic imagers. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cadmium–zinc–telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) pixel detectors have shown impressive performance in X-ray and gamma ray detection from energies of few keV up to 1 MeV. Charge sharing and cross-talk phenomena represent the typical drawbacks in sub-millimeter pixel detectors, with severe distortions in both energy and spatial resolution. In this chapter, we review the effects of these phenomena on the response of CZT/CdTe pixel detectors, with particular emphasis on the current state of the art of the discrimination/correction techniques. The results from original energy-recovery procedures of multiple charge sharing events, recently developed by our group, are also shown.
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Jan 2023
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Detectors
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J.
Correa
,
M.
Mehrjoo
,
R.
Battistelli
,
F.
Lehmkühler
,
A.
Marras
,
C. B.
Wunderer
,
T.
Hirono
,
V.
Felk
,
F.
Krivan
,
S.
Lange
,
I.
Shevyakov
,
V.
Vardanyan
,
M.
Zimmer
,
M.
Hoesch
,
K.
Bagschik
,
N.
Guerrini
,
B.
Marsh
,
I.
Sedgwick
,
G.
Cautero
,
L.
Stebel
,
D.
Giuressi
,
R. H.
Menk
,
A.
Greer
,
T.
Nicholls
,
W.
Nichols
,
U.
Pedersen
,
P.
Shikhaliev
,
N.
Tartoni
,
H. J.
Hyun
,
S. H.
Kim
,
S. Y.
Park
,
K. S.
Kim
,
F.
Orsini
,
F. J.
Iguaz
,
F.
Büttner
,
B.
Pfau
,
E.
Plönjes
,
K.
Kharitonov
,
M.
Ruiz-Lopez
,
R.
Pan
,
S.
Gang
,
B.
Keitel
,
H.
Graafsma
Open Access
Abstract: The PERCIVAL detector is a CMOS imager designed for the soft X-ray regime at photon sources. Although still in its final development phase, it has recently seen its first user experiments: ptychography at a free-electron laser, holographic imaging at a storage ring and preliminary tests on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The detector performed remarkably well in terms of spatial resolution achievable in the sample plane, owing to its small pixel size, large active area and very large dynamic range; but also in terms of its frame rate, which is significantly faster than traditional CCDs. In particular, it is the combination of these features which makes PERCIVAL an attractive option for soft X-ray science.
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Jan 2023
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Detectors
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L.
Manzanillas
,
S.
Aplin
,
A.
Balerna
,
P.
Bell
,
J.
Casas
,
M.
Cascella
,
S.
Chatterji
,
C.
Cohen
,
G.
Dennis
,
P.
Fajardo
,
H.
Graafsma
,
H.
Hirsemann
,
F. J.
Iguaz
,
K.
Klementiev
,
T.
Kołodziej
,
T.
Martin
,
R.
Menk
,
F.
Orsini
,
M.
Porro
,
M.
Quispe
,
B.
Schmitt
,
N.
Tartoni
,
M.
Turcato
,
C.
Ward
,
E.
Welter
Abstract: In past years efforts have concentrated on the development of arrays of Silicon Drift Detectors for X-ray spectroscopy. This is in stark contrast to the little effort that has been devoted to the improvement of germanium detectors, in particular for synchrotron applications. Germanium detectors have better energy resolution and are more efficient in detecting high energy photons than silicon detectors. In this context, the detector consortium of the European project LEAPS-INNOV has set an ambitious R&D program devoted to the development of a new generation of multi-element monolithic germanium detectors for X-ray detection. In order to improve the performance of the detector under development, simulations of the different detector design options have been performed. In this contribution, the efforts in terms of R&D are outlined with a focus on the modelization of the detector geometry and first performance results. These performance results show that a signal-to-background ratio larger than 1000 can be achieved in the energy range of interest from 5 keV to 100 keV.
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Dec 2022
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B16-Test Beamline
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[31228]
Open Access
Abstract: Halide perovskites recently emerged as promising materials for the detection of ionising radiation. Single crystals of halide perovskites exhibit very fast and bright scintillation when cooled and may outperform the best modern scintillators at temperatures below 100 K. In this work we report on low-temperature scintillation properties of CsPbCl3 single crystals, grown using the Bridgeman method. The temperature dependences of the luminescence and decay kinetics were studied using X-ray excitation. At low temperatures, the crystal exhibits an intense narrow-band emission at about 420 nm with very fast decay kinetics. This emission, of which a characteristic feature is the strong thermal quenching, is attributed to the radiative decays of bound and trapped excitons. The fast, middle, and slow decay time constants obtained from a fit of a sum of exponential functions to the decay curve at 10 K are 0.1, 1 and 11 ns, respectively. The scintillation light yield of CsPbCl3 at 7 K measured at excitation with α-particles from an 241Am source is estimated to be 140 ± 15% of a reference LYSO-Ce crystal and 19000 ± 2000 ph per MeV under 14 keV X-ray excitation at 10 K. It is concluded that owing to a reduced amplitude of the slow decay component, CsPbCl3 exhibits an ultra-fast scintillation response that is superior to that of other halide perovskites. The combination of sub-nanosecond response time and the encouraging light yield has the potential of establishing this material as first choice for scintillation applications that rely on prompt detector response at cryogenic temperatures.
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Dec 2022
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B16-Test Beamline
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[13500, 15979, 11807, 22002]
Open Access
Abstract: The development of semiconductor sensors for new particle tracking detectors places increasing limits on sensor characteristics such as uniformity, size and shape of inefficient areas and size of active compared to inactive sensor areas. Accurately assessing these relatively subtle effects requires either measurements in particle beams or the modification of samples to be used in dedicated laser test setups.
Active Region Extent Assessment with X-rays (AREA-X) has been developed as an alternative method for the fast, efficient and precise study of the active area of a semiconductor sensor. It uses a monochromatic, micro-focused X-ray beam with a 10–20 keV energy range as provided by several synchrotron beam lines and uses the photo current induced in the sensor to measure the depth of the responsive sensor volume. It can be used to study local inhomogeneities or inefficiencies, the overall extent of the active sensor volume and its shape and its localised application, which makes the need to gather statistics over a large area unnecessary, allowing for fast readout, which enables studies of the sensor behaviour at a range of external parameters, e.g. temperature or applied bias voltage.
This paper presents the measurement concept and technical setup of the measurement, results from initial measurements as well as capabilities and limitations of the method.
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Nov 2022
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Detectors
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Open Access
Abstract: This note shows the evolution of detectors for crystallography at Diamond Light Source since it came into operation and how this evolution shaped the way the experiments are done. It is also highlighted the next detector challenges due to the increase in photon flux related to the planned upgrade of the machine.
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Nov 2022
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Detectors
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F.
Orsini
,
S.
Aplin
,
A.
Balerna
,
P.
Bell
,
J.
Casas
,
M.
Cascella
,
S.
Chatterji
,
C.
Cohen
,
G.
Dennis
,
P.
Fajardo
,
H.
Graafsma
,
H.
Hirsemann
,
F. J.
Iguaz
,
K.
Klementiev
,
T.
Kołodziej
,
L.
Manzanillas
,
T.
Martin
,
R.
Menk
,
M.
Porro
,
M.
Quispe
,
B.
Schmitt
,
N.
Tartoni
,
M.
Turcato
,
C.
Ward
,
E.
Welter
Abstract: The high brilliance and coherent beams resulting from recent upgraded synchrotron radiation facilities open the way for a large range of experiments, where detectors play a key role in the techniques and methods developed to fully exploit the upgraded synchrotron. For instance, one of the major limitations of XAFS experiment is the performance of the detectors. In order to be able to measure more challenging samples and to cope with the very high photon flux of the current and future (diffraction limited) sources, technological developments of detectors are necessary. In this framework, the germanium detector developed in the European project LEAPS-INNOV aims at improving several technological aspects. This type of detector represents a very important class of instruments for X-ray spectroscopy due to the fact that they enable to detect efficiently photons of considerable higher energy with respect to silicon detectors. The objective of this project consists in pushing the detector performance beyond the state-of-the-art. Preliminary layout and main choices for the design studies of this new detector are presented in this paper.
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Oct 2022
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Detectors
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David
Omar
,
Giulio
Crevatin
,
Alan
Greer
,
Ian
Horswell
,
Jonathan
Spiers
,
Richard
Plackett
,
Paul
Booker
,
Gale
Lockwood
,
Dan
Beckett
,
Emily
Galvin
,
John
Lipp
,
Michelangelo
Di Palo
,
Mark
Warren
,
Scott
Williams
,
Nicola
Tartoni
Open Access
Abstract: This paper describes the development of the Tristan 10M detector for time resolved synchrotron experiments. Tristan 10M has an unprecedented time resolution (ns time scale) over long duration continuous acquisition (days). The detector is constructed from an array of 160 Timepix3 readout ASIC (about 10 million pixels) flip chip bonded to 10 monolithic silicon sensors which enable it to cover an area large enough to effectively carry out crystallography experiments. The large array of ASICs resulted in a number of severe technical challenges that had to be overcome during the development of the detector. The minimization of the dead area between sensors required the development of a very challenging mechanical and electronic packaging. Such a packaging had to be able to route the large number of data and power lines within the footprint of a sensor, had to effectively sink the heat generated by the ASICs, and had to be able to position the sensors accurately. In addition, the packaging of the detector was designed to be scalable in consideration of possible future larger versions of this detector which added a further challenge. The data driven nature of Timepix3 and the sheer data volume produced by the array of ASICs required us to devise a dedicated hardware, firmware, and software data acquisition architecture. This architecture proved very effective during the commissioning of Tristan10M when time resolved crystallography experiments were carried out.
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Sep 2022
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I19-Small Molecule Single Crystal Diffraction
Detectors
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Open Access
Abstract: Tristan10M is a 10-million-pixel large area detector based on the Timepix3 ASIC. The Timepix3 ASIC can work in event driven mode in addition to the standard frame based mode. Thanks to these capabilities of the Timepix3 ASIC, the Tristan detector is ideal for time-resolved experiments. The Tristan 10M detector is organized in a 2 × 5 module matrix, each module being made up of sixteen Timepix3 chips bump-bonded to a monolithic pixelated silicon sensor. In this contribution, we will report on the status of the detector development, and characterization results in terms of threshold equalization, energy calibration, and flat-field correction. A number of initial commissioning experiments have been carried out on the small molecule single crystal diffraction beamline I19 at Diamond light source, which we will also report on here. In particular, X-ray powder diffraction from a standard sample, LaB6, was performed to evaluate the inter-module alignment based on per-module basis.
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Jul 2022
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DIAD-Dual Imaging and Diffraction Beamline
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Diamond Proposal Number(s):
[30995]
Open Access
Abstract: The DIAD beamline for Dual Imaging and Diffraction at Diamond Light Source has opted to use an industrial robot to position its Dectris Pilatus 2M CdTe diffraction detector. This setup was chosen to enable flexible positioning of the detector in a quarter-sphere around the sample position whilst reliably holding the large weight of 139 kg of detector, detector mount and cabling in a stable position. Metrology measurements showed that the detector can be positioned with a linear repeatability of <19.7 µm and a rotational repeatability of <16.3 µrad. The detector position stays stable for a 12 h period with <10.1 µm of movement for linear displacement and <3.8 µrad for rotational displacement. X-ray diffraction from calibration samples confirmed that the robot is sufficiently stable to resolve lattice d-spacings within the instrumental broadening given by detector position and beam divergence.
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Jul 2022
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