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576 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Mechanistic insights into the initial explosion in the deflagration-to-detonation transition Trevor A. Feagin , Eric M. Heatwole , David S. Eastwood , Ian Lopez-Pulliam , Thomas Connolley , Neil K. Bourne , Gary Parker Combustion And Flame 242 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2022.112175 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22393] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: This work presents an imaging study of the complex and often overlooked early-onset mechanisms of the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). Columns of granular octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) doped with tungsten tracer particles are ignited thermally by hot wire and the resulting reactions are studied via high-speed X-ray radiography utilizing the Diamond Light Source synchrotron. The observed results provide insights into the initial development of the DDT process, resulting in a proposed mechanism for the slow initial steps in DDT for thermally ignited, low bulk-density granular explosive contained in a quasi-one dimensional tube configuration. In order to clarify the proposed mechanism, the terms preferential flow channel and matrix burning are adapted from the soil mechanics and hydrology literature to further elucidate the role of convective burning in DDT. The proposed mechanism helps to clarify the ongoing debate on the transport of gases in the Baer–Nunziato and reduced Baer–Nunziato models and suggests that applicability of each interpretation depends on which step in the mechanism is being described.	Aug 2022
I13-1-Coherence	Coherent X-ray diffraction of the M1 to M2 structural phase transition in a single vanadium dioxide nanocrystal Marcus Newton , Ulrich Wagner , Christoph Rau Applied Physics Express DOI: 10.35848/1882-0786/ac7777 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [12587] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Correlated electronic materials are of interest due to strong coupling between lattice, spin and orbital degrees of freedom that give rise to emergent behaviour that is often of considerable utility for next generation technologies. Vanadium dioxide is a prototypical material that undergoes a number of structural phase transitions near room temperature. Here are presented the results of coherent x-ray diffraction measurements on a single vanadium dioxide nanocrystal approximately 440 nm in size. Experimental findings are compared with ab-initio simulations to elucidate the origin of distortions that are observed in the diffraction pattern.	Jun 2022
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Sample preparation and warping accuracy for correlative multimodal imaging in the mouse olfactory bulb using 2-photon, synchrotron X-ray and volume electron microscopy Yuxin Zhang , Tobias Ackels , Alexandra Pacureanu , Marie-Christine Zdora , Anne Bonnin , Andreas T. Schaefer , Carles Bosch Frontiers In Cell And Developmental Biology 10 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.880696 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20274] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Integrating physiology with structural insights of the same neuronal circuit provides a unique approach to understanding how the mammalian brain computes information. However, combining the techniques that provide both streams of data represents an experimental challenge. When studying glomerular column circuits in the mouse olfactory bulb, this approach involves e.g., recording the neuronal activity with in vivo 2-photon (2P) calcium imaging, retrieving the circuit structure with synchrotron X-ray computed tomography with propagation-based phase contrast (SXRT) and/or serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) and correlating these datasets. Sample preparation and dataset correlation are two key bottlenecks in this correlative workflow. Here, we first quantify the occurrence of different artefacts when staining tissue slices with heavy metals to generate X-ray or electron contrast. We report improvements in the staining procedure, ultimately achieving perfect staining in ∼67% of the 0.6 mm thick olfactory bulb slices that were previously imaged in vivo with 2P. Secondly, we characterise the accuracy of the spatial correlation between functional and structural datasets. We demonstrate that direct, single-cell precise correlation between in vivo 2P and SXRT tissue volumes is possible and as reliable as correlating between 2P and SBEM. Altogether, these results pave the way for experiments that require retrieving physiology, circuit structure and synaptic signatures in targeted regions. These correlative function-structure studies will bring a more complete understanding of mammalian olfactory processing across spatial scales and time.	Jun 2022
E01-JEM ARM 200CF I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Hierarchical 2D to 3D micro/nano-histology of human dental caries lesions using light, X-ray and electron microscopy Cyril Besnard , Ali Marie , Petr Buček , Sisini Sasidharan , Robert A. Harper , Shashidhara Marathe , Kaz Wanelik , Gabriel Landini , Richard M. Shelton , Alexander Korsunsky Materials & Design 394 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110829 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [29256, 30666] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Dental caries is a widespread disease that damages teeth by heterogeneous dissolution. Conventional histology identifies different zones within carious lesions by their optical appearance, but fails to quantify the underlying nanoscale structural changes as a function of specific location, impeding better understanding of the demineralisation process. We employ detailed collocative analysis using different imaging modalities, resolutions and fields of view. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) reveals subsurface 3D nanostructure within milled micro-sized volumes, whilst X-ray tomography allows less destructive 3D imaging over large volumes. Correlative combination of these techniques reveals fine detail of enamel rods, inter-rod substance, sheaths, crystallites and voids as a function of location. The degree of enamel demineralisation within the body of the lesion, near its front, and at the surface is visualized in 3D. We thus establish the paradigm of dental 3D nano-histology as an advanced platform for quantitative evaluation of caries-induced structural modification.	Jun 2022
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas controls magma mobility within the Earth’s crust Fabio Arzilli , Margherita Polacci , Giuseppe La Spina , Nolwenn Le Gall , Edward W. Llewellin , Richard A. Brooker , Rafael Torres-Orozco , Danilo Di Genova , David A. Neave , Margaret E. Hartley , Heidy M. Mader , Daniele Giordano , Robert Atwood , Peter D. Lee , Florian Heidelbach , Mike R. Burton Nature Communications 13 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30890-8 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [16188] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The majority of basaltic magmas stall in the Earth’s crust as a result of the rheological evolution caused by crystallization during transport. However, the relationships between crystallinity, rheology and eruptibility remain uncertain because it is difficult to observe dynamic magma crystallization in real time. Here, we present in-situ 4D data for crystal growth kinetics and the textural evolution of pyroxene during crystallization of trachybasaltic magmas in high-temperature experiments under water-saturated conditions at crustal pressures. We observe dendritic growth of pyroxene on initially euhedral cores, and a surprisingly rapid increase in crystal fraction and aspect ratio at undercooling ≥30 °C. Rapid dendritic crystallization favours a rheological transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behaviour within minutes. We use a numerical model to quantify the impact of rapid dendritic crystallization on basaltic dike propagation, and demonstrate its dramatic effect on magma mobility and eruptibility. Our results provide insights into the processes that control whether intrusions lead to eruption or not.	Jun 2022
I13-1-Coherence	Single-exposure X-ray phase imaging microscopy with a grating interferometer Andreas Wolf , Bernhard Akstaller , Silvia Cipiccia , Silja Flenner , Johannes Hagemann , Veronika Ludwig , Pascal Meyer , Andreas Schropp , Max Schuster , Maria Seifert , Mareike Weule , Thilo Michel , Gisela Anton , Stefan Funk Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation 29 DOI: 10.1107/S160057752200193X Diamond Proposal Number(s): [18540] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The advent of hard X-ray free-electron lasers enables nanoscopic X-ray imaging with sub-picosecond temporal resolution. X-ray grating interferometry offers a phase-sensitive full-field imaging technique where the phase retrieval can be carried out from a single exposure alone. Thus, the method is attractive for imaging applications at X-ray free-electron lasers where intrinsic pulse-to-pulse fluctuations pose a major challenge. In this work, the single-exposure phase imaging capabilities of grating interferometry are characterized by an implementation at the I13-1 beamline of Diamond Light Source (Oxfordshire, UK). For comparison purposes, propagation-based phase contrast imaging was also performed at the same instrument. The characterization is carried out in terms of the quantitativeness and the contrast-to-noise ratio of the phase reconstructions as well as via the achievable spatial resolution. By using a statistical image reconstruction scheme, previous limitations of grating interferometry regarding the spatial resolution can be mitigated as well as the experimental applicability of the technique.	May 2022
I14-Hard X-ray Nanoprobe	Imaging articular cartilage in osteoarthritis using targeted peptide radiocontrast agents Milan M. Fowkes , Patricia Das Neves Borges , Fernando Cacho-Nerin , Paul E. Brennan , Tonia L. Vincent , Ngee H. Lim Plos One 17 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268223 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22977] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Background: Established MRI and emerging X-ray contrast agents for non-invasive imaging of articular cartilage rely on non-selective electrostatic interactions with negatively charged proteoglycans. These contrast agents have limited prognostic utility in diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) due to the characteristic high turnover of proteoglycans. To overcome this limitation, we developed a radiocontrast agent that targets the type II collagen macromolecule in cartilage and used it to monitor disease progression in a murine model of OA. Methods: To confer radiopacity to cartilage contrast agents, the naturally occurring tyrosine derivative 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine (DIT) was introduced into a selective peptide for type II collagen. Synthetic DIT peptide derivatives were synthesised by Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and binding to ex vivo mouse tibial cartilage evaluated by high-resolution micro-CT. Di-Iodotyrosinated Peptide Imaging of Cartilage (DIPIC) was performed ex vivo and in vivo 4, 8 and 12 weeks in mice after induction of OA by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM). Finally, human osteochondral plugs were imaged ex vivo using DIPIC. Results: Fifteen DIT peptides were synthesised and tested, yielding seven leads with varying cartilage binding strengths. DIPIC visualised ex vivo murine articular cartilage comparably to the ex vivo contrast agent phosphotungstic acid. Intra-articular injection of contrast agent followed by in vivo DIPIC enabled delineation of damaged murine articular cartilage. Finally, the translational potential of the contrast agent was confirmed by visualisation of ex vivo human cartilage explants. Conclusion: DIPIC has reduction and refinement implications in OA animal research and potential clinical translation to imaging human disease.	May 2022
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Implant degradation of low-alloyed Mg–Zn–Ca in osteoporotic, old and juvenile rats Nicole Sommer , Daniela Hirzberger , Lisa Paar , Leopold Berger , Hanna Cwieka , Uwe Y. Schwarze , Valentin Herber , Begum Okutan , Andrew J. Bodey , Regine Willumeit-Römer , Berit Zeller-Plumhoff , Jörg F. Löffler , Annelie M. Weinberg Acta Biomaterialia 26 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.041 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [25485] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Implant removal is unnecessary for biodegradable magnesium (Mg)-based implants and, therefore, the related risk for implant-induced fractures is limited. Aging, on the other hand, is associated with low bone-turnover and decreased bone mass and density, and thus increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis is accompanied by Mg deficiency, therefore, we hypothesized that Mg-based implants may support bone formation by Mg2+ ion release in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rat model. Hence, we investigated osseointegration and implant degradation of a low-alloyed, degrading Mg–Zn–Ca implant (ZX00) in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic (Osteo), old healthy (OH), and juvenile healthy (JH) groups of female Sprague Dawley rats via in vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT). For the Osteo rats, we demonstrate diminished trabecular bone already after 8 weeks upon ovariectomy and significantly enhanced implant volume loss, with correspondingly pronounced gas formation, compared to the OH and JH groups. Sclerotic rim development was observed in about half of the osteoporotic rats, suggesting a prevention from foreign-body and osteonecrosis development. Synchrotron radiation-based µCT confirmed lower bone volume fractions in the Osteo group compared to the OH and JH groups. Qualitative histological analysis additionally visualized the enhanced implant degradation in the Osteo group. To date, ZX00 provides an interesting implant material for young and older healthy patients, but it may not be of advantage in pharmacologically untreated osteoporotic conditions.	May 2022
I13-1-Coherence	High-speed X-ray ptychographic tomography Darren Batey , Christoph Rau , Silvia Cipiccia Scientific Reports 12 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11292-8 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [26240] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray ptychography is a coherent scanning imaging technique widely used at synchrotron facilities for producing quantitative phase images beyond the resolution limit of conventional x-ray optics. The scanning nature of the technique introduces an inherent overhead to the collection at every scan position and limits the acquisition time of each 2D projection. The overhead associated with motion can be minimised with a continuous-scanning approach. Here we present an acquisition architecture based on continuous-scanning and up-triggering which allows to record ptychographic datasets at up to 9 kHz. We demonstrate the method by applying it to record 2D scans at up to 273 µm2/s and 3D scans of a (20 µm)3 volume in less than three hours. We discuss the current limitations and the outlook toward the development of sub-second 2D acquisition and minutes-long 3D ptychographic tomograms.	May 2022
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	On acquisition parameters and processing techniques for interparticle contact detection in granular packings using synchrotron computed tomography Fernando Alvarez-Borges , Sharif Ahmed , Robert C. Atwood Journal Of Imaging 8 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8050135 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [26307] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is regularly employed in geomechanics to non-destructively measure the solid and pore fractions of soil and rock from reconstructed 3D images. With the increasing availability of high-resolution XCT imaging systems, researchers now seek to measure microfabric parameters such as the number and area of interparticle contacts, which can then be used to inform soil behaviour modelling techniques. However, recent research has evidenced that conventional image processing methods consistently overestimate the number and area of interparticle contacts, mainly due to acquisition-driven image artefacts. The present study seeks to address this issue by systematically assessing the role of XCT acquisition parameters in the accurate detection of interparticle contacts. To this end, synchrotron XCT has been applied to a hexagonal close-packed arrangement of glass pellets with and without a prescribed separation between lattice layers. Different values for the number of projections, exposure time, and rotation range have been evaluated. Conventional global grey value thresholding and novel U-Net segmentation methods have been assessed, followed by local refinements at the presumptive contacts, as per recently proposed contact detection routines. The effect of the different acquisition set-ups and segmentation techniques on contact detection performance is presented and discussed, and optimised workflows are proposed.	May 2022

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