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213 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
	Mechanical performance and deformation mechanisms at cryogenic temperatures of 316L stainless steel processed by laser powder bed fusion: In situ neutron diffraction Lei Tang , Oxana V. Magdysyuk , Fuqing Jiang , Yiqiang Wang , Alexander Evans , Saurabh Kabra , Biao Cai Scripta Materialia 218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.114806 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Manufacturing austenitic stainless steels (ASSs) using additive manufacturing is of great interest for cryogenic applications. Here, the mechanical and microstructural responses of a 316L ASS built by laser powder bed fusion were revealed by performing in situ neutron diffraction tensile tests at the low-temperature range (from 373 to 10 K). The stacking fault energy almost linearly decreased from 29.2 ± 3.1 mJm−2 at 373 K to 7.5 ± 1.7 mJm−2 at 10 K, with a slope of 0.06 mJm−2K−1, leading to the transition of the dominant deformation mechanism from strain-induced twinning to martensite formation. As a result, excellent combinations of strength and ductility were achieved at the low-temperature range.	Sep 2022
B16-Test Beamline E01-JEM ARM 200CF I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Grain structure engineering of NiTi shape memory alloys by intensive plastic deformation Zifan Wang , Jingwei Chen , Radim Kocich , Samuel Tardif , Igor P. Dolbnya , Lenka Kunčická , Jean-Sébastien Micha , Konstantinos Liogas , Oxana Magdysyuk , Ivo Szurman , Alexander M. Korsunsky Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05939 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [25467, 28397, 28418] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: To explore an effective route of customizing the superelasticity (SE) of NiTi shape memory alloys via modifying the grain structure, binary Ni55Ti45 (wt) alloys were fabricated in as-cast, hot swaged, and hot-rolled conditions, presenting contrasting grain sizes and grain boundary types. In situ synchrotron X-ray Laue microdiffraction and in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction techniques were employed to unravel the underlying grain structure mechanisms that cause the diversity of SE performance among the three materials. The evolution of lattice rotation, strain field, and phase transformation has been revealed at the micro- and mesoscale, and the effect of grain structure on SE performance has been quantified. It was found that (i) the Ni4Ti3 and NiTi2 precipitates are similar among the three materials in terms of morphology, size, and orientation distribution; (ii) phase transformation happens preferentially near high-angle grain boundary (HAGB) yet randomly in low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) structures; (iii) the smaller the grain size, the higher the phase transformation nucleation kinetics, and the lower the propagation kinetics; (iv) stress concentration happens near HAGBs, while no obvious stress concentration can be observed in the LAGB grain structure during loading; (v) the statistical distribution of strain in the three materials becomes asymmetric during loading; (vi) three grain lattice rotation modes are identified and termed for the first time, namely, multi-extension rotation, rigid rotation, and nondispersive rotation; and (vii) the texture evolution of B2 austenite and B19′ martensite is not strongly dependent on the grain structure.	Jun 2022
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Fundamental study of multi-track friction surfacing deposits for dissimilar aluminum alloys with application to additive manufacturing Malte Soujon , Zina Kallien , Arne Roos , Berit Zeller-Plumhoff , Benjamin Klusemann Materials & Design 214 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110786 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [22346] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Friction surfacing is an emerging solid-state coating technology based on frictional heat induced plastic deformation at the tip of a consumable metallic stud that allows to deposit layers with a fine-grained recrystallized microstructure at temperatures below the melting point. The generation of sound, defect-free metallurgical joints between multiple adjacent overlapping friction surfacing deposits, also referred to as multi-track friction surfacing, from dissimilar aluminum alloys is the focus of this experimental work. An extensive volumetric defect analysis is carried out for various overlap configurations, including post-processing strategies in order to assess the inter-track bonding integrity using microscopic characterization techniques and micro-computed tomography. The effect of layer arrangement and overlap distance on the volumetric defect formation in both inter-track and layer-to-substrate interface is quantified and discussed. Post-processing via hybrid friction diffusion bonding process demonstrates a significant reduction in defect volume ratio, proving higher material efficiency. The gained knowledge was used to successfully build a multi-track multi-layer friction surfacing stack, demonstrating the suitability of this process for large-scale additive manufacturing components. The subsequent mechanical analysis reveals excellent homogeneous isotropic tensile properties of the additive structure in the range of the base material tensile strength.	May 2022
I11-High Resolution Powder Diffraction	Phase evolution within multiphase stainless steels during simulated hot isostatic pressing cycles D. Bowden , D. Stewart , M. Preuss Materialia 660 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101411 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [11237] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Stainless steel hardfacing alloys are being developed for wear and corrosion resistant applications in pressurised water reactor environments. Two examples of this, the austenitic Tristelle 5183 and triplex RR2450 were produced by gas-atomisation before undergoing consolidation using hot isostatic pressing. The phase evolution of these alloys during simulated hot isostatic pressing cycles was observed in-situ, using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. During these cycles, the metastability of the gas-atomised powders is revealed, which influences the rate of high-temperature transformation within the RR2450 alloy. Additionally, a high-strength silicide phase, named π-ferrosilicide, forms within these alloys. It decomposes by a eutectoid transformation, demonstrating a high carbon solubility within this phase. The observations of this study demonstrate the need to carefully consider the process parameters during hot isostatic pressing for such complex alloys, since alloy phase transformation rates are heavily influenced by the starting condition of the gas-atomised powder.	Apr 2022
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Macroscopic analysis of time dependent plasticity in Ti alloys Yi Xiong , Phani S. Karamched , Chi-Toan Nguyen , David M. Collins , Christopher M. Magazzeni , Edmund Tarleton , Angus J. Wilkinson Journal Of Materials Science & Technology 25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.11.081 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17222] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Component failure due to cold dwell fatigue of titanium and its alloys is a long-standing problem which has significant safety and economic implications to the aviation industry. This can be addressed by understanding the governing mechanisms of time dependent plasticity behaviour of Ti at low temperatures. Here, stress relaxation tests were performed at four different temperatures on three major alloy systems: commercially pure titanium (two alloys with different oxygen content), Ti-6Al-4V (two microstructures with differing phase fractions) and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-Mo (two alloys with different Mo content =2 or 6, and portion of phase). Key parameters controlling the time dependent plasticity were determined as a function of temperature. Both activation volume and energy were found to increase with temperature in all six alloys. It was found that the dwell fatigue effect is more significant by oxygen alloying but is suppressed by the addition of Mo. The presence of the phase did not strongly affect the dwell fatigue, however, it was suppressed at high temperature due to the low strain rate and strain rate sensitivity.	Apr 2022
I15-Extreme Conditions	Ion irradiation effect on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of a Cu50Zr50 metallic glass Zida Zhang , Pengcheng Che , Jian Zhang , Hongbo Fan , Zhiliang Ning , Jianfei Sun , Yongjiang Huang Advanced Engineering Materials DOI: 10.1002/adem.202101765 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [17412, 8858] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The effect of H+ ion irradiation on the structure and properties of a Cu50Zr50 metallic glass (MG) was investigated. High energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction results indicate that the glass maintains its amorphous nature after ion irradiation. As the ion fluence increases, the atomic bond length of MGs becomes shorter, whereas the nanohardness and Young’s modulus increase from 7.08±0.01 GPa and 111.3±1.1 GPa for the as-spun sample to 8.59±0.06 GPa and 123.1±1.3 GPa for the sample irradiated with 2×1016 cm-2 fluence. The corrosion potential of the studied MG in 1 mol/L HCl increases from -0.5953 V to -0.4519 V, suggesting an enhanced corrosion resistance of MGs after ion irradiation. The modification of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance can be interpreted from the ion irradiation-induced structural evolution. The results obtained here can be beneficial for better understanding the mechanical properties and corrosive behaviors of MGs under extreme conditions like ion irradiation and thus promoting their industrial applications.	Apr 2022
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Mechanisms controlling ductility loss from abrupt Strain Path Changes in a low carbon steel Anastasia Vrettou , Hiroto Kitaguchi , Biao Cai , Thomas Connolley , David M. Collins Materials Science And Engineering: A 4 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2022.143091 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [21103] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The effect of Strain Path Changes (SPCs) on the mechanical properties and crystal-level features of deformation for a single phase, ferritic steel has been investigated. SPCs were applied via a two-step deformation process, which included pre-straining via cold rolling, followed by uniaxial tension. The pre-strain magnitude and direction, as well as the tensile direction, varied between the specimens. The role of texture and micromechanics were examined in-situ, via Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (SXRD), and ex-situ, via Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). Abrupt strain paths (i.e. strain paths where the pre-strain and the subsequent loading directions differ; here they are orthogonal) result in a significant ductility reduction, becoming more prevalent for high pre-strain magnitudes. The macroscopic response, as well as the texture configuration were greatly dependent on the pre-strain direction but were insensitive to the direction of uniaxial tension. Increasing pre-strain magnitudes resulted in a stagnation of lattice strain hardening rates in all macroscopic directions and in a significant increase in the Geometrically Necessary Dislocation (GND) densities. This was vastly increased for specimens rolled perpendicular to the as-received prior rolling direction. No correlation was found between the GND density and the grain orientation, eliminating this as a controlling ductility factor for BCC ferrite. Instead, the initial texture and the texture developed in a subsequent pre-strain influences the density of dislocations accumulated in all grains, and ultimately determines ductility.	Apr 2022
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Ultra-fast quantification of polycrystalline texture via single shot synchrotron X-ray or neutron diffraction Zifan Wang , Jingwei Chen , Oxana Magdysyuk , Fatih Uzun , Alexander M. Korsunsky Materials Characterization 186 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2022.111827 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [25467] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Tracking texture evolution during in situ loading is critical to understand and simulate the dynamic behaviour of microstructure in polycrystalline materials, yet conventional texture quantification methods are sometimes restricted due to various factors, such as acquisition time, sample environment and complex setup. To address this, a novel approach to extract texture information from single shot Time-Of-Flight neutron diffraction pattern has been developed. Another texture analysis approach based on single shot synchrotron X-ray diffraction has also been demonstrated. The effectiveness of two methods is assessed for polycrystalline Nickel-based superalloy polycrystalline samples possessing different textures. Both methods feature a moderate acquisition time of ~10 min and 30 s respectively, as well as a simplified setup which allows adding complex sample environments and the use of additional equipment. Comparison with the referential EBSD texture suggests that both approaches achieve a satisfactory match, though some details of the complex contour profiles in inverse pole figures may be missing. Besides that, a novel metric has been proposed to quantify the matching quality of pole figures. By employing the EPSC modelling approach, it is shown that the texture deviation due to the technique chosen for its evaluation exerts a subtle influence on th macro- and mesoscale simulation results, highlighting the significance of this approach for underpinning robust computational modelling.	Apr 2022
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Sinter formation during directed energy deposition of titanium alloy powders Lorna Sinclair , Yunhui Chen , Samuel J. Clark , Sebastian Marussi , Saurabh Shah , Oxana Magdysyuk , Robert Atwood , Gavin J. Baxter , Martyn Jones , Graham Mccartney , Chu Lun Alex Leung , Peter D. Lee International Journal Of Machine Tools And Manufacture 8 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2022.103887 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [20096] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: During directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing, powder agglomeration and sintering can occur outside of the melt pool when using titanium alloy powders. Using in situ synchrotron radiography we investigate the mechanisms by which sintering of Ti6242 powder occurs around the pool, performing a parametric study to determine the influence of laser power and stage traverse speed on sinter build-up. The results reveal that detrimental sinter can be reduced using a high laser power or increased stage traverse speed, although the latter also reduces deposition layer thickness. The mechanism of sinter formation during DED was determined to be in-flight heating of the powder particles in the laser beam. Calculations of particle heating under the processing conditions explored in this study confirm that powder particles can reasonably exceed 700 °C, the threshold for Ti surface oxide dissolution, and thus the powder is prone to sintering if not incorporated into the melt pool. The build-up of sinter powder layer on deposit surfaces led to lack of fusion pores. To mitigate sinter formation and its detrimental effects on DED component quality, it is essential that the powder delivery spot area is smaller than the melt pool, ensuring most powder lands in the melt pool.	Apr 2022
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Revealing growth mechanisms of faceted Al2Cu intermetallic compounds via high-speed synchrotron X-ray tomography Zihan Song , Oxana V. Magdysyuk , Tay Sparks , Yu-Lung Chiu , Biao Cai Acta Materialia 5 DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2022.117903 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [19216] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: This study usedhigh-speed synchrotron X-ray tomography to image the growth of Al2Cu intermetallic compoundsin 4D (3D plus time) during solidification of Al-45wt%Cu alloy. Two categories of growth patterns (basic units and dendrites) are identified. Basic unitsare elongated rods whose cross-section areL, U orhollow-rectangularshapes. The transition from L pattern to U and finally to hollow-rectangularshaped morphologywas observed. Faceted dendritic patterns include equiaxed prism and columnar dendrites. Self-repeated layer-by-layer stacking of the basic units (such as L shaped particles) is proposed as a governing mechanism for the growth of Al2Cu faceted dendrites. The growth orientation and morphologies of these patterns are strongly influenced by solidification conditions (temperature gradients, cooling rates and external magnetic fields). Another finding is that when rotating Al-45wt%Cu during upwards directional solidification,under a transverse magnetic field of 0.5T, highly refined and well aligned Al2Cu intermetallic compounds are obtained, much finer than those without the imposition of the magnetic field. This is attributed to a rotational stirring flow that modulates and regulates the temperature and solute distribution.The developed experimental findings provide a physical understanding of the formation of faceted intermetallic compounds during solidification.	Mar 2022

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