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404 items found (0 items not approved), displaying 1 to 10.[First/Prev] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 [Next/Last]

Instruments / Technical Area	Publication Details	Published
B16-Test Beamline	Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and radiography - Lattice strain characterization in thin-walled carbon fibre channel structures subjected to buckling Pawel Czapski , Jiraphant Srisuriyachot , Filip Kazmierczyk , Tomasz Waś , Patryk Jakubczak , Igor P. Dolbnya , Jarosław Bieniaś , Alexander J. G. Lunt Carbon 215 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118429 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [28395] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Carbon fibre composites are widely used in low specific stiffness and high strength structures such as airframes. Compressive loading of these assemblies can lead to buckling and localised deformation around defects and imperfections that can hinder performance and lead to overengineering via excessive safety factors. Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction (SXRD) has recently been shown to be capable of performing lattice strain mapping within carbon fibre composites at the microscale, a previously unprecedented resolution. In this study SXRD and radiography was performed on carbon fibre composite columns produced via two different methods (standard lamination and half square) at a range of different load states: unbuckled, one-third of the buckling load and post buckling. The results provide quantitative insights into the impact of these different production methods on lattice strain and fibre orientation, as well as the influence these factors have on reducing buckling load (by up to 22%). As well as being the first use of SXRD on industrially representative full-size carbon fibre samples, these insights provide invaluable detail into the factors which limit performance and the origins of column failure; crucial factors required to optimise structural design, production and loading capability.	Nov 2023
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	In-situ investigation of dynamic precipitation in pre-aged Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy AA7075 Z. Ma , M. Bignon , F. Gao , S. Michalik , J. D. Robson Journal Of Alloys And Compounds 47 DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172098 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [30439] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: High strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys rely for their properties on nano-scaled precipitates formed during artificial ageing. Deformation profoundly affects the evolution of these precipitates. This study investigates the effect of warm deformation on precipitation in a pre-aged AA7075 aluminium alloy. Warm deformation was performed using an electro-thermomechanical testing machine for rapid resistance heating. Transmission electron microscopy showed slightly larger, yet evenly distributed, precipitates in the warm deformed sample compared to the thermally treated condition without deformation. Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering revealed accelerated growth rates of precipitates due to deformation. At low plastic strains, the growth rate increased linearly with applied strain, while at high plastic strains, a slight deviation from linear behaviour was observed. Temperature and strain rate effects were also examined, with a stronger enhancement effect at low temperature and fast strain rate for a given strain. The deformation enhancement effect disappeared rapidly upon finishing plastic deformation (within 400s for the studied condition). The enhanced growth rate during and after deformation can be reasonably explained by the excess vacancy concentration, indicating the influence of strain-induced excess vacancies. However, the simple excess vacancy model used fails to explain the observed strain rate effect, and possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed.	Sep 2023
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Effect of prior processing on the decomposition of the β phase in Ti–Nb alloys during intermediate heat treatments C. E. P. Talbot , N. L. Church , N. G. Jones Scripta Materialia 238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2023.115729 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [31965] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Metastable β-Ti alloys exhibit multiple decomposition pathways during isothermal ageing. Ages at intermediate temperatures below the α/β transus result in the formation of α or isothermal ω. The effect of prior processing on these pathways remains largely unexplored within the literature. Therefore, the role of processing on a Ti–Nb alloy was investigated in cold rolled and solutioned conditions. The solutioned sample showed evidence of recrystallisation, with shear bands remnant from the prior cold rolling that exhibited a greater degree of texture than the surrounding material. During isothermal ageing ωiso was observed outside of these bands whilst α phase precipitated within the bands and throughout the cold rolled sample. This shows that the remnant strain from the rolling process facilitated α nucleation over ωiso due to accommodation of the α/β interface. Additionally, it was seen that the magnitude of internal strains had a marked effect on the α morphology observed.	Sep 2023
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Phases evolution in additive manufactured TRIP custom 17-4PH alloy: opportunities for energy absorption applications D. Della Crociata , P.e.j. Rivera-Díaz-Del-Castillo , H. Eskandari Sabzi , R. Hague , M. Simonelli Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Symposium - AAMS 2023 Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that uses lasers to melt metal powders to generate components. The recent technological development of L-PBF allows to create complex shapes and tailor the resulting microstructures so that extraordinary mechanical properties can be reached. This opens up to a new and disruptive way of thinking and designing components compared to traditionally manufactured techniques, when the aim is to provide high strength behaviour upon deformation [1]. However, the link between the process parameters imparted by lasers and the resulting microstructure is still not fully investigated. The involved cooling rates are characterised by rapid solidification which produces fine microstructure. In addition, specific process parameters are thought to induce heat treatments thus resulting in precipitates which can help hinder the movement of dislocations upon deformation [2]. In this presentation, the focus is on the control of process parameters in SLM used to produce components with a custom 17-4PH stainless steel alloy, the consequent microstructure and phases content, and the evolution of retained austenite upon elastic and plastic regimes during mechanical testing. X-ray diffraction experiment with in-situ tensile loading have been carried out for the purpose of the research at Diamond Light Source, Oxford (Figure 1). In addition, the grain structure, precipitates and solidification structures were characterised by a combination of high-resolution SEM and EBDS. The findings exhibit different mechanical properties due to different content of retained austenite depending on the laser parameters tuning, whose evolution upon deformation to transform into martensite depends on the deformation regime, elastic or plastic. These results can be used to design car protection structures which require high strength upon deformation, thus serving to the goal of energy absorption. The research also presents mechanisms associated to the recovery of austenite upon deformation cycles and offers new insights to understand the complex evolution of the microstructure during L-PBF.	Sep 2023
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Evolution and formation of dissimilar metal interfaces in fusion welding Fan Wu , Thomas Flint , Renan M. Kindermann , Matthew J. Roy , Lu Yang , Stuart Robertson , Zhaoxia Zhou , Michael Smith , Pratheek Shanthraj , Paul English , Robert Atwood , Wajira Mirihanage Acta Materialia 257 DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119232 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [24149] Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The evolving interface forms between two different liquids during dissimilar welding can critically influence the development of the as-solidified microstructure and determine the mechanical properties of the joint. To investigate the interface evolution mechanisms during arc welding, time-resolved X-radiography was employed. The observations reveal the formation of transient finger-like protrusions at the dissimilar liquid interface prior to a brief, quasi-steady state. The analysis of the experimental observations using the magneto-thermal-hydrodynamic numerical simulations confirms that the quasi-steady state involves the formation of a short-lived solid phase, which alters the regular mixing during the process. Analysis of the in-situ experimental observations elucidate the interactions between thermal, momentum, electromagnetic and compositional fields which determine mechanisms of formation of the liquid interface instabilities and the melt pool shape. Based on the analysis, we extended our study to offer practical enhancement for dissimilar welding through offsetting the heat source.	Aug 2023
	In situ observation of crystal reorientation in polygranular graphite by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron imaging Thomas Zillhardt , Genoveva Burca , Wolfgang Ludwig , Dong Liu , T. James Marrow Carbon 966 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118378 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The capacity of polygranular graphite to accommodate strain is important to its use within structural components. This study has used in situ neutron and synchrotron X-ray experiments to demonstrate that reorientation of crystal domains accompanies the accommodation of applied mechanical strain in unirradiated Gilsocarbon (GCMB/IM24) graphite. Orientation changes were observed using 3D X-ray Diffraction, and local changes in neutron scattering were also observed with energy-resolved Bragg-edge neutron imaging. In both cases, this behaviour at the crystal level was partially recovered when the load was removed. This study provides new evidence for crystal deformation mechanisms that contribute to polycrystalline graphite's elastic non-linearity and the development of permanent set, which may also explain the effects of fast neutron irradiation on graphite elastic behaviour.	Aug 2023
I13-2-Diamond Manchester Imaging	Particle accumulation model in 3D reconstructed wall of a catalytic filter validated with time-resolved X-ray tomography Marie Plachá , Martin Isoz , Petr Kočí , Matthew P. Jones , Miloš Svoboda , David S. Eastwood , Andrew P. E. York Fuel 356 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129603 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [23490, 29116] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: A transient pore-scale model of particle deposit formation in 3D microstructure of a catalytic filter wall is introduced. It predicts location of particle deposits, dynamics of their growth, transition from deep to cake filtration regime as well as the impact on flow field, pressure drop and filtration efficiency. The model is validated against time-resolved X-ray tomography (XRT) data acquired during a filtration experiment. The validated model is then used in transient simulations of the soot filtration process in several different microstructures using cordierite filter substrate with varied Pd/-AlO catalyst distribution. The sample with the coating solely inside the wall pores provides the lowest initial pressure drop but suffers from low clean filtration efficiency and high pressure drop after the cake is formed. The sample with partial on-wall coating achieves not only a higher filtration efficiency but also a lower pressure drop in long-term operation.	Aug 2023
I12-JEEP: Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing	Assessment of residual strain in laser shock peened additive manufactured Inconel 718 using synchrotron x-ray diffraction Ching Kiat Yong , Elspeth M. Keating , Darren J. Hughes , Thomas Connolley , Geoff West , Chow Cher Wong , Gregory J Gibbons Materialia 5 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2023.101843 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [27288] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The through-thickness residual strain profile due to laser shock peening (LSP) of an additively-manufactured IN718 sample is shown for the first time. The results provide tantalising insight into the potential of fatigue life extension of additive-manufactured samples using LSP. Residual strains were measured in as-manufactured and peened samples using state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation. Significant beneficial compressive in-plane residual strains, extending to 1.0 mm depth, were observed due to the peening process. No phase changes were observed due to LSP. A periodic strain variation was observed arising from the layer-by-layer manufacturing strategy of the samples. The peened sample showed no increase in diffraction peak width in the near-surface regions. This is contrary to reported studies using wrought laser shock peened alloys and suggests less grain disruption in additively-manufactured peened samples. The results are timely given a current drive to adopt additive-manufacturing for a step-change in efficiency of aero-engine component production.	Jul 2023
I07-Surface & interface diffraction	Ex‐situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction study of CO2 corrosion‐induced surface scales developed in low‐alloy steel with different initial microstructure Saber Haratian , Kapil Kumar Gupta , Alfred Larsson , Giuseppe Abbondanza , Emad Hasan Bartawi , Francesco Carla , Edvin Lundgren , Rajan Ambat Corrosion Science 4 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111387 Diamond Proposal Number(s): [28396] Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: The CO2 corrosion-induced scale developed in the surface region of the low-grade carbon steel is thoroughly investigated to understand the corrosion mechanisms involved during exposure to CO2-saturated aqueous environments. In this work, in addition to the electron microscopy and lab-source X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, ex-situ depth-resolved phase identification of the corrosion scales developed on steel with different initial microstructures is performed using synchrotron grazing incidence XRD at different incidence angles. The CO2 corrosion mechanism is discussed considering the observed distribution of the corrosion products formed at a different depth relative to the time of electrochemical exposure of the steels.	Jul 2023
	A multi-scale study of 3D printed Co-Al2O3 catalyst monoliths versus spheres Clement Jacquot , Antonios Vamvakeros , Andraž Pavlišič , Stephen W. T. Price , Hongyang Dong , Dorota Matras , Lidia Protasova , Blaž Likozar , Simon D. M. Jacques , Andrew M. Beale , Vesna Middelkoop Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 7 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100538 Open Access Show Abstract ▼ Abstract: This study demonstrates the characteristics of two model packing configurations: 3D printed catalyst monoliths on the one hand, and their conventional counterparts, packed beds of spheres, on the other. Cobalt deposited on alumina is selected as a convenient model system for this work, due to its wide spread use in many catalytic reactions. 3D printed constructs were produced from alumina powder impregnated with cobalt nitrate while the alumina spheres were directly impregnated with the same cobalt nitrate precursor. The form of the catalyst, the impregnation process, as well as the thermal history, were found to have a significant effect on the resulting cobalt phases. Probing the catalyst bodies in situ by XRD-CT indicated that the level of dispersion of identified Co phases (Co3O4 reduced to CoO) across the support is maintained under reduction conditions. The packed bed of spheres exhibits a non-uniform distribution of cobalt phases, including a core-shell morphology with an average crystallite size of 10-14 nm across the sphere, while the 3DP monolith exhibits a uniform distribution of cobalt phases with an average crystallite size of 5-12 nm upon reduction from Co3O4 to CoO. CFD modelling was carried out to develop digital twins and assess the effect of the geometry of both configurations on the pressure drop and velocity profiles. Finally, the activity of both Cobalt-based catalyst geometries was assessed in terms of their conversion, selectivity and turn over frequencies under model multiphase (selective oxidation) reaction conditions, which showed that the desired 3D printed monolithic geometries can offer distinct advantages to the reactor design.	Jul 2023

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